java开源辅助类之org.apache.commons.lang.builder包分析

我们继续看org.apache.commons.lang.builder这个包。在这里面我们可以找到7个类,用于帮助我们实现Java对象的一些基础的共有方法。这7个类分别是:

CompareToBuilder – 用于辅助实现Comparable.compareTo(Object)方法;
EqualsBuilder – 用于辅助实现Object.equals()方法;
HashCodeBuilder – 用于辅助实现Object.hashCode()方法;
ToStringBuilder – 用于辅助实现Object.toString()方法;
ReflectionToStringBuilder – 使用反射机制辅助实现Object.toString()方法;
ToStringStyle – 辅助ToStringBuilder控制输出格式;
StandardToStringStyle – 辅助ToStringBuilder控制标准格式。

我们知道,在实际应用中,其实经常需要在运行过程中判定对象的知否相等、比较、取hash、和获取对象基本信息(一般是产生log日志)。然而实现这些compareTo、equals、hashCode、toString其实并非那么直截了当,甚至稍有不注意就可能造成难以追踪的bug,而且这些方法手工维护的话,比较繁琐,也容易出错。于是Commons Lang在builder这个包中提供了上述辅助类,为我们简化这些方法的实现和维护。

来看一个例子:

package sean.study.jakarta.commons.lang;

import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.CompareToBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringStyle;

public class BuilderUsage {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
       
        Staff staff1 = new Staff(123, "John Smith", new Date());
        Staff staff2 = new Staff(456, "Jane Smith", new Date());
       
        System.out.println("staff1's info: " + staff1);
        System.out.println("staff2's info: " + staff2);
        System.out.println("staff1's hash code: " + staff1.hashCode());
        System.out.println("staff2's hash code: " + staff2.hashCode());
        System.out.println("staff1 equals staff2? " + staff1.equals(staff2));

    }

}

class Staff implements Comparable {

    private long staffId;
    private String staffName;
    private Date dateJoined;

    public Staff() {
    }

    public Staff(long staffId, String staffName, Date dateJoined) {
        this.staffId = staffId;
        this.staffName = staffName;
        this.dateJoined = dateJoined;
    }

    public int compareTo(Object o) {
        int res = -1;
        if (o != null && Staff.class.isAssignableFrom(o.getClass())) {
            Staff s = (Staff) o;
            res = new CompareToBuilder()
                    .append(dateJoined, s.getDateJoined())
                    .append(staffName, s.getStaffName()).toComparison();
        }
        return res;
    }

    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        boolean res = false;
        if (o != null && Staff.class.isAssignableFrom(o.getClass())) {
            Staff s = (Staff) o;
            res = new EqualsBuilder()
                    .append(staffId, s.getStaffId())
                    .isEquals();
        }
        return res;
    }

    public int hashCode() {
        return new HashCodeBuilder(11, 23).append(staffId).toHashCode();
    }

    public String toString() {
        return new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE)
                .append("staffId", staffId)
                .append("staffName", staffName)
                .append("dateJoined", dateJoined)
                .toString();
    }

    public Date getDateJoined() {
        return dateJoined;
    }

    public void setDateJoined(Date dateJoined) {
        this.dateJoined = dateJoined;
    }

    public long getStaffId() {
        return staffId;
    }

    public void setStaffId(long staffId) {
        this.staffId = staffId;
    }

    public String getStaffName() {
        return staffName;
    }

    public void setStaffName(String staffName) {
        this.staffName = staffName;
    }
}

以下是运行结果:

staff1's info: sean.study.jakarta.commons.lang.Staff@190d11[
staffId=123
staffName=John Smith
dateJoined=Sat Jul 30 13:18:45 CST 2005
]
staff2's info: sean.study.jakarta.commons.lang.Staff@1fb8ee3[
staffId=456
staffName=Jane Smith
dateJoined=Sat Jul 30 13:18:45 CST 2005
]
staff1's hash code: 376
staff2's hash code: 709
staff1 equals staff2? false

这些builder使用起来都很简单,new一个实例,append需要参与的信息,最后加上toComparison、isEquals、toHashCode、toString这样的结尾即可。相应的,如果你不需要这样级别的控制,也可以使用利用反射机制的版本自动化实现需要的功能,如:

    public int compareTo(Object o) {
        return CompareToBuilder.reflectionCompare(this, o);
    }

    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        return EqualsBuilder.reflectionEquals(this, o);
    }

    public int hashCode() {
        return HashCodeBuilder.reflectionHashCode(this);
    }

    public String toString() {
        return ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(this);
    }

尤其当我们在项目中不希望过多的参与到对这些对象方法的维护时,采用Commons提供的利用反射的这些API就成了方便而相对安全的一个方案

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