ORA-27102:out of memory Linux-X86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device

startup Linux下oracle报以下错

ORA-27102:out of memory Linux-X86_64 
Error: 28: No space left on device                                                                                   [ID 301830.1]


适用于:
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 9.2.0.1 and later   [Release: 9.2 and later ]
Oracle Server - Standard Edition - Version: 9.2.0.1 and later    [Release: 9.2 and later]
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 9.2.0.1 and later    [Release: 9.2 and later]
Linux x86-64

    When trying to increase the SGA to approach half available RAM with an Oracle 64-bit version 
on a Linux 64-bit operating system, even though shmmax is set to match half the amount of  RAM, 
you get the following error when trying to start the instance:
    在64位linux下使用64位版本的oracle，即使把shmmax参数的大小设置系统可用内存的一半，
当把SGA增加到接近一半的系统内存时候，当startup实例的时候，可能得到以下错误

SQL> startup nomount
ORA-27102: out of memory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device


Changes

shmall is too small, most likely is set to the default setting of 2097152

$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
2097152


Cause

shmall is the total amount of shared memory, in pages, that the system can use at one time. 

shmall是系统在所有页同一时间使用的共享内存段的总数


Solution
解决办法

Set shmall equal to the sum of all the SGAs on the system, divided by the page size. 
设定shmall的值为等同于在系统中所有SGA占用内存大小除以分页大小的得出的最后的值

The page size can be determined using the following command: 
用以下命令得到分页的大小
$ getconf PAGE_SIZE 
4096

For example, if the sum of all the SGAs on the system is 16Gb and the result of 
'$ getconf PAGE_SIZE' is 4096 (4Kb) then set shmall to 4194304 pages

例如，如果系统中所有SGA的综合为16Gb,然后getconf PAGE_SIZE 得出的结果是4096（4k）
那么shmall就设定为4194304页

As the root user set the shmall to 4194304 in the /etc/sysctl.conf file:
用root用户在/etc/sysctl.conf 文件中设定shmall为 4194304

kernel.shmall = 4194304

then run the following command:
设定后执行以下命令

$ sysctl -p
$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
4194304


NOTE:

The above command loads the new value and a reboot is not necessary.
以上命令无须重启
Switch back to being the oracle user and retry the startup command.
切换到oracle用户，重新执行startup命令

Modifying /etc/sysctl.conf is a permanent workaround (applies at boot time). 

修改/etc/sysctl.conf 是一个永久的解决办法（适用于开机时间）

If for some reason you DO NOT want to change the system wide configuration, you can do it 
on the fly by directly changing the kernel pseudo FS AKA procfs.
如果出于某种原因不详对系统大范围改动配置，可以直接改变内核的pseudo FS AKA procfs.

# echo "4194304" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall

Using HUGEPAGES does not alter the calculation for configuring shmall.
使用大页不会改变配置shmall的计算结果


以上翻译仅供参考
References

NOTE:169706.1 - Oracle Database on Unix AIX,HP-UX,Linux,Mac OS X,Solaris,Tru64 Unix Operating Systems Installation and Configuration Requirements Quick Reference (8.0.5 to 11.2)
NOTE:851598.1 - Master Note of Linux OS Requirements for Database Server
NOTE:1351051.2 - Information Center: Install and Configure Database Server/Client Installations
Oracle Database Products > Oracle Database > Oracle Database > Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition
Oracle Database Products > Oracle Database > Oracle Database > Oracle Server - Standard Edition
Oracle Database Products > Oracle Database > Oracle Database > Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition

64-BIT; 64BIT; HUGEPAGES; INSTALL & CONFIGURE; LINUX; NO SPACE LEFT ON DEVICE; OUT OF MEMORY; START INSTANCE

ORA-27102

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