AIDL (Android Interface Definition Language) 是一种接口定义语言,用于生成代码允许Android设备上的两个进程间进程通信(IPC).
如果你需要编写一个进程(比如Activity)访问另一个进程(比如Services)的对象的方法代码,你可以使用AIDL自动生成代码而不用自己配置大量的参数.
AIDL IPC基于接口机制,类似COM,Corba,且更加轻量化.它使用一个代理来在客户和实现间传递值.
Implementing IPC Using AIDL 实现进程通信IPC
分为五个步骤:
1.创建 SomeService.aidl 文件
利用aidl.exe生成接口文件.若你的IDE安装了ADT,将会在gen目录或src相应包中自动根据描述文件生成同名接口文件.否则请手动:
命令行:
adil pathSomeService.adil <CR>
注意:
1.自定义类在aidl描述文件中,即便在同一个包中,也要显式import.
2.在aidl文件中所有非Java原始类型参数必须加上标记:in, out, inout.
3.Java 原始类型默认为in,且不能为其它.
4.Java 原始类型包括为java.lang, java,util包中包括的类.
5.接口名同aidl文件名.
6.接口前不用加访问权限修饰符public ,private, protected等,也不能用final ,static.
接口文件分析:
接口中生成一个Stub的抽象类,里面包括aidl定义的方法.还包括一些其它辅助方法.值得关注的是asInterface(IBinder iBinder),它返回接口的实例.
2.实现接口
接口的实现需继承接口.Stub.并实现Stub类的方法.
下面给出一个使用匿名方式实现的例子.
private final SomeService.Stub binder = new SomeService.Stub(){
public void service(){
//...
}
}
注意:
1.没有异常会正常返回
2.RPC通常比较耗时且是异步的,因此应该在线程中调用RPC服务.
3.只支持方法,不支持静态字段.
3.暴露接口给客户
客户要服务,当然要知道在哪有服务.通常一台服务器可能提供不止一个服务.因些,我们使用
RomoteService来管理所有远程服务.
暴露服务必须继承Service.并实现onBind()方法.
- public class RemoteService extends Service {
- ...
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- // Select the interface to return. If your service only implements
- // a single interface, you can just return it here without checking
- // the Intent.
- if (SomeService. class .getName().equals(intent.getAction())) {
- return mBinder;
- }
- if (ISecondary. class .getName().equals(intent.getAction())) {
- return mSecondaryBinder;
- }
- return null ;
- }
-
- /**
- * The SomeService Interface is defined through IDL
- */
- private final SomeService.Stub mBinder = new SomeService.Stub() {
- public void registerCallback(SomeServiceCallback cb) {
- if (cb != null ) mCallbacks.register(cb);
- }
- public void unregisterCallback(SomeServiceCallback cb) {
- if (cb != null ) mCallbacks.unregister(cb);
- }
- };
-
- /**
- * A secondary interface to the service.
- */
- private final ISecondary.Stub mSecondaryBinder = new ISecondary.Stub() {
- public int getPid() {
- return Process.myPid();
- }
- public void basicTypes( int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean,
- float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) {
- }
- };
-
- }
public class RemoteService extends Service {
...
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// Select the interface to return. If your service only implements
// a single interface, you can just return it here without checking
// the Intent.
if (SomeService.class.getName().equals(intent.getAction())) {
return mBinder;
}
if (ISecondary.class.getName().equals(intent.getAction())) {
return mSecondaryBinder;
}
return null;
}
/**
* The SomeService Interface is defined through IDL
*/
private final SomeService.Stub mBinder = new SomeService.Stub() {
public void registerCallback(SomeServiceCallback cb) {
if (cb != null) mCallbacks.register(cb);
}
public void unregisterCallback(SomeServiceCallback cb) {
if (cb != null) mCallbacks.unregister(cb);
}
};
/**
* A secondary interface to the service.
*/
private final ISecondary.Stub mSecondaryBinder = new ISecondary.Stub() {
public int getPid() {
return Process.myPid();
}
public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean,
float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) {
}
};
}
这样暴露好了服务,接着做什么?当然是调用服务了.
调用之前,有必要了解下 对象打包,类似与Java的对象序列化.
4.使用打包传送参数
如果一个类要使用打包功能(类似对象序列化),要实现如下5个步骤:
4.1 实现 Parcelable接口
4.2 实现 public void writeToParcel(Parcel out) 方法
4.3 实现 public void readFromParcel(Parcel in) 方法
4.4 添加一个静态字段 CREATOR 到实现 Parcelable.Creator 接口的类中
4.5 创建一个aidl文件声明你的可打包的类
示例:
Rect.java
- import android.os.Parcel;
- import android.os.Parcelable;
-
- public final class Rect implements Parcelable {
- public int left;
- public int top;
- public int right;
- public int bottom;
-
- public static final Parcelable.Creator<Rect> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Rect>() {
- public Rect createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
- return new Rect(in);
- }
-
- public Rect[] newArray( int size) {
- return new Rect[size];
- }
- };
-
- public Rect() {
- }
-
- private Rect(Parcel in) {
- readFromParcel(in);
- }
-
- public void writeToParcel(Parcel out) {
- out.writeInt(left);
- out.writeInt(top);
- out.writeInt(right);
- out.writeInt(bottom);
- }
-
- public void readFromParcel(Parcel in) {
- left = in.readInt();
- top = in.readInt();
- right = in.readInt();
- bottom = in.readInt();
- }
- }
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
public final class Rect implements Parcelable {
public int left;
public int top;
public int right;
public int bottom;
public static final Parcelable.Creator<Rect> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Rect>() {
public Rect createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
return new Rect(in);
}
public Rect[] newArray(int size) {
return new Rect[size];
}
};
public Rect() {
}
private Rect(Parcel in) {
readFromParcel(in);
}
public void writeToParcel(Parcel out) {
out.writeInt(left);
out.writeInt(top);
out.writeInt(right);
out.writeInt(bottom);
}
public void readFromParcel(Parcel in) {
left = in.readInt();
top = in.readInt();
right = in.readInt();
bottom = in.readInt();
}
}
Rect.aidl
- package android.graphics;
-
- // Declare Rect so AIDL can find it and knows that it implements
- // the parcelable protocol.
- parcelable Rect;
package android.graphics;
// Declare Rect so AIDL can find it and knows that it implements
// the parcelable protocol.
parcelable Rect;
注意:
参数一定不能越界.
5.调用IPC方法
调用IPC方法还有6个步骤:
如果觉得烦,那就尽力弄懂,不然你不晕,我译得也晕..
5.1 声明aidl定义的接口类型引用
5.2 实现 ServiceConnection
5.3 调用 Context.bindService(),传入 ServiceConnection 的实现
5.4 在你的 ServiceConnection.onServiceConnected(),你将得到一个 IBinder 实例(service). 调用 YourInterfaceName.Stub.asInterface((IBinder)service)强制转换 YourInterface 类型.
5.5 调用接口定义的方法.你应该始终小心 DeadObjectException 异常,当连接不成功或中断它就会抛出,这也是远程对象唯一的一个异常.
5.6 断开连接,调用 Context.unbindService().
注解:
你可以使用匿名对象作为参数.
对象是引用计数.
ApiDemos 有个子the Remote Activity 的例子.
- public class RemoteServiceBinding extends Activity {
- /** The primary interface we will be calling on the service. */
- IRemoteService mService = null ;
- /** Another interface we use on the service. */
- ISecondary mSecondaryService = null ;
-
- Button mKillButton;
- TextView mCallbackText;
-
- private boolean mIsBound;
-
- /**
- * Standard initialization of this activity. Set up the UI, then wait
- * for the user to poke it before doing anything.
- */
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-
- setContentView(R.layout.remote_service_binding);
-
- // Watch for button clicks.
- Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);
- button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);
- button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);
- button.setOnClickListener(mUnbindListener);
- mKillButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.kill);
- mKillButton.setOnClickListener(mKillListener);
- mKillButton.setEnabled( false );
-
- mCallbackText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.callback);
- mCallbackText.setText( "Not attached." );
- }
-
- /**
- * Class for interacting with the main interface of the service.
- */
- private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
- public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
- IBinder service) {
- // This is called when the connection with the service has been
- // established, giving us the service object we can use to
- // interact with the service. We are communicating with our
- // service through an IDL interface, so get a client-side
- // representation of that from the raw service object.
- mService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
- mKillButton.setEnabled( true );
- mCallbackText.setText( "Attached." );
-
- // We want to monitor the service for as long as we are
- // connected to it.
- try {
- mService.registerCallback(mCallback);
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- // In this case the service has crashed before we could even
- // do anything with it; we can count on soon being
- // disconnected (and then reconnected if it can be restarted)
- // so there is no need to do anything here.
- }
-
- // As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
- Toast.makeText(RemoteServiceBinding. this , R.string.remote_service_connected,
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
-
- public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
- // This is called when the connection with the service has been
- // unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
- mService = null ;
- mKillButton.setEnabled( false );
- mCallbackText.setText( "Disconnected." );
-
- // As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
- Toast.makeText(RemoteServiceBinding. this , R.string.remote_service_disconnected,
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- };
-
- /**
- * Class for interacting with the secondary interface of the service.
- */
- private ServiceConnection mSecondaryConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
- public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
- IBinder service) {
- // Connecting to a secondary interface is the same as any
- // other interface.
- mSecondaryService = ISecondary.Stub.asInterface(service);
- mKillButton.setEnabled( true );
- }
-
- public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
- mSecondaryService = null ;
- mKillButton.setEnabled( false );
- }
- };
-
- private OnClickListener mBindListener = new OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // Establish a couple connections with the service, binding
- // by interface names. This allows other applications to be
- // installed that replace the remote service by implementing
- // the same interface.
- bindService( new Intent(IRemoteService. class .getName()),
- mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
- bindService( new Intent(ISecondary. class .getName()),
- mSecondaryConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
- mIsBound = true ;
- mCallbackText.setText( "Binding." );
- }
- };
-
- private OnClickListener mUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (mIsBound) {
- // If we have received the service, and hence registered with
- // it, then now is the time to unregister.
- if (mService != null ) {
- try {
- mService.unregisterCallback(mCallback);
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- // There is nothing special we need to do if the service
- // has crashed.
- }
- }
-
- // Detach our existing connection.
- unbindService(mConnection);
- unbindService(mSecondaryConnection);
- mKillButton.setEnabled( false );
- mIsBound = false ;
- mCallbackText.setText( "Unbinding." );
- }
- }
- };
-
- private OnClickListener mKillListener = new OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // To kill the process hosting our service, we need to know its
- // PID. Conveniently our service has a call that will return
- // to us that information.
- if (mSecondaryService != null ) {
- try {
- int pid = mSecondaryService.getPid();
- // Note that, though this API allows us to request to
- // kill any process based on its PID, the kernel will
- // still impose standard restrictions on which PIDs you
- // are actually able to kill. Typically this means only
- // the process running your application and any additional
- // processes created by that app as shown here; packages
- // sharing a common UID will also be able to kill each
- // other"s processes.
- Process.killProcess(pid);
- mCallbackText.setText( "Killed service process." );
- } catch (RemoteException ex) {
- // Recover gracefully from the process hosting the
- // server dying.
- // Just for purposes of the sample, put up a notification.
- Toast.makeText(RemoteServiceBinding. this ,
- R.string.remote_call_failed,
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- }
- }
- };
-
- // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Code showing how to deal with callbacks.
- // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- /**
- * This implementation is used to receive callbacks from the remote
- * service.
- */
- private IRemoteServiceCallback mCallback = new IRemoteServiceCallback.Stub() {
- /**
- * This is called by the remote service regularly to tell us about
- * new values. Note that IPC calls are dispatched through a thread
- * pool running in each process, so the code executing here will
- * NOT be running in our main thread like most other things -- so,
- * to update the UI, we need to use a Handler to hop over there.
- */
- public void valueChanged( int value) {
- mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(BUMP_MSG, value, 0 ));
- }
- };
-
- private static final int BUMP_MSG = 1 ;
-
- private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
- @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case BUMP_MSG:
- mCallbackText.setText( "Received from service: " + msg.arg1);
- break ;
- default :
- super .handleMessage(msg);
- }
- }
-
- };
- }