设计模式之-迭代器(Iterator pattern)

迭代器(iterrator)模式是一种行为设计模式,用于提供一种标准的方式来遍历一组对象,它被广泛的用在java Collection架构中提供一种标准接口用来遍历Collection元素。

迭代器模式不仅用于容器(collection)遍历,根据我们需求也可以提供不同类型的迭代器。迭代器模式隐藏了容器具体的实现方式,只给客户端提供遍历方法。

让我们用一种简单的例子来理解这种模式。假设我们有一个广播频道列表,用户想通过频道类型进行遍历,在这个例子中某些用户只对英文频道感兴趣,仅对它们进行处理,

不想对其它类型频道进行处理。

所以我们要提供一个频道容器给客户端,根据写入的逻辑来遍历频道并处理它们,但是客户的逻辑可能会有很多问题,我们不能确定客户端逻辑是否正确,如果客户数量的增长,那么它会变得非常难以维护。

这里我们提供根据频道类型来使用迭代器模式。我们确保客户端只能通过迭代访问频道列表。


第一部分我们制定我们的容器实现规则和iterrator接口:

ChannelTypeEnum.java

package com.journaldev.design.iterator;
 
public enum ChannelTypeEnum {
 
    ENGLISH, HINDI, FRENCH, ALL;
}

ChannelTypeEnum定义了所有频道类型。

Channel.java

package com.journaldev.design.iterator;
 
public class Channel {
 
    private double frequency;
    private ChannelTypeEnum TYPE;
     
    public Channel(double freq, ChannelTypeEnum type){
        this.frequency=freq;
        this.TYPE=type;
    }
 
    public double getFrequency() {
        return frequency;
    }
 
    public ChannelTypeEnum getTYPE() {
        return TYPE;
    }
     
    @Override
    public String toString(){
        return "Frequency="+this.frequency+", Type="+this.TYPE;
    }
     
}
Channel用频率和频道类型属性


ChannelCollection.java

package com.journaldev.design.iterator;
 
 
public interface ChannelCollection {
 
    public void addChannel(Channel c);
     
    public void removeChannel(Channel c);
     
    public ChannelIterator iterator(ChannelTypeEnum type);
     
}

ChannelCollection.java 制订了我们实现类规则,注意那些方法只提供了add,remove一个频道,但是没有提供返回整个频道列表方法,只有一个返回iterater对象用于遍历

ChannelIterator定义如下方法:

package com.journaldev.design.iterator;
 
public interface ChannelIterator {
 
    public boolean hasNext();
     
    public Channel next();
}

现在基本接口与核心类已经准备好了,让我们实现iterater接口并处理迭代器

ChannelCollectionImpl.java

package com.journaldev.design.iterator;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class ChannelCollectionImpl implements ChannelCollection {
 
    private List<Channel> channelsList;
 
    public ChannelCollectionImpl() {
        channelsList = new ArrayList<>();
    }
 
    public void addChannel(Channel c) {
        this.channelsList.add(c);
    }
 
    public void removeChannel(Channel c) {
        this.channelsList.remove(c);
    }
 
    @Override
    public ChannelIterator iterator(ChannelTypeEnum type) {
        return new ChannelIteratorImpl(type, this.channelsList);
    }
 
    private class ChannelIteratorImpl implements ChannelIterator {
 
        private ChannelTypeEnum type;
        private List<Channel> channels;
        private int position;
 
        public ChannelIteratorImpl(ChannelTypeEnum ty,
                List<Channel> channelsList) {
            this.type = ty;
            this.channels = channelsList;
        }
 
        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            while (position < channels.size()) {
                Channel c = channels.get(position);
                if (c.getTYPE().equals(type) || type.equals(ChannelTypeEnum.ALL)) {
                    return true;
                } else
                    position++;
            }
            return false;
        }
 
        @Override
        public Channel next() {
            Channel c = channels.get(position);
            position++;
            return c;
        }
 
    }
}

注意我们使用内部类实现iterater接口,为了不被其它容器类使用。java collection实现也类似这样实现,使用内部类实现iterater接口

我们使用一个简单测试程序使用我们的容器,根据频道类型对容器使用iterater对其进行遍历。

package com.journaldev.design.iterator;
 
 
public class IteratorPatternTest {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ChannelCollection channels = populateChannels();
        ChannelIterator baseIterator = channels.iterator(ChannelTypeEnum.ALL);
        while (baseIterator.hasNext()) {
            Channel c = baseIterator.next();
            System.out.println(c.toString());
        }
        System.out.println("******");
        // Channel Type Iterator
        ChannelIterator englishIterator = channels.iterator(ChannelTypeEnum.ENGLISH);
        while (englishIterator.hasNext()) {
            Channel c = englishIterator.next();
            System.out.println(c.toString());
        }
    }
 
    private static ChannelCollection populateChannels() {
        ChannelCollection channels = new ChannelCollectionImpl();
        channels.addChannel(new Channel(98.5, ChannelTypeEnum.ENGLISH));
        channels.addChannel(new Channel(99.5, ChannelTypeEnum.HINDI));
        channels.addChannel(new Channel(100.5, ChannelTypeEnum.FRENCH));
        channels.addChannel(new Channel(101.5, ChannelTypeEnum.ENGLISH));
        channels.addChannel(new Channel(102.5, ChannelTypeEnum.HINDI));
        channels.addChannel(new Channel(103.5, ChannelTypeEnum.FRENCH));
        channels.addChannel(new Channel(104.5, ChannelTypeEnum.ENGLISH));
        channels.addChannel(new Channel(105.5, ChannelTypeEnum.HINDI));
        channels.addChannel(new Channel(106.5, ChannelTypeEnum.FRENCH));
        return channels;
    }
 
}

输出结果:

Frequency=98.5, Type=ENGLISH
Frequency=99.5, Type=HINDI
Frequency=100.5, Type=FRENCH
Frequency=101.5, Type=ENGLISH
Frequency=102.5, Type=HINDI
Frequency=103.5, Type=FRENCH
Frequency=104.5, Type=ENGLISH
Frequency=105.5, Type=HINDI
Frequency=106.5, Type=FRENCH
******
Frequency=98.5, Type=ENGLISH
Frequency=101.5, Type=ENGLISH
Frequency=104.5, Type=ENGLISH

重点:
1,当你想对外提供一种方式实现容器迭代,对于客户端隐藏内部实现逻辑
2,迭代逻辑是包含在容器类内部实现,帮助客户端程序容易通过迭代器实现遍历










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