【转】Oracle 11.2.0.1 升级到 11.2.0.3 示例

Oracle 11.2.0.1 单实例升级到11.2.0.3。 Oracle 升级的步骤都差不多。 先升级Oracle software，然后升级Oracle instance。

 

Oracle 11.2.0.2的patchset No 是：10098816。 关于该Patchset 的下载地址，参考我之前的blog：

       Oracle 11.2.0.2 Patch 说明

       http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6292969

 

       Oracle11.2.0.3 的Patchset no是：10404530，下载地址：

       Oracle 11.2.0.3 Patchset 下载地址

       http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6822995

 

patchset 有7个文件，关于这7个文件的不同作用，参考：

              Oracle 11gR2 Patchset 不同文件作用 说明

             http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6818770

 

我们升级DB， 只需要其中的第一个和第二个文件。将2个文件解压缩，然后将第二个文件的内容copy到第一个文件的对应目录里。即将2个文件合成一个文件。

 

 

一.查看DB 相关的信息

 

我们安装的是64位的DB。

 

[oracle@dave ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba;

 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production onWed Sep 28 10:23:51 2011

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

 

SQL> select name from v$database;

 

NAME

---------

ANQING

 

查看 Oracle 是32位还是64位的方法

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6818709

 

 

二.升级的相关说明

2.1 Patchset 的说明

这部分内容copy 自patchset的readme 文档。

 

Oracle Databasepatch set, release 11.2.0.3（11.2.0.2） is a full installation of the Oracle Database software. This meansthat you do not need to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1)before installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3/11.2.0.2).

       Oracle 11.2.0.2 和 11.2.0.3 的patchset都是完整的安装包。所以可以直接用来安装。

 

Note the following changes with the newpatch set packaging:

（1）Newinstallations consist of installing the most recent patch set, rather thaninstalling a base release and then upgrading to a patch release.

（2）Directupgrades from previous releases to the most recent patch set are supported.

（3）Out-of-placepatch set upgrades recommended, in which you install the patch set into a new,separate Oracle home. In-place upgrades are supported, but not recommended.

 

2.1.1 In-Place Upgrade

This feature enablesyou to upgrade an existing installation of Oracle database to Oracle Database11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) into the same Oracle home directory by replacingthe existing database files. The patch set application requires more downtimeand is not recommended. This upgrade type requires less disk space.

将升级文件安装到原来的Oracle home 目录，这样可以节省磁盘空间，但是需要更多的downtime。 这种并不推荐。

 

2.1.2 Out-of-Place Upgrade

This featureenables you to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) in a new,separate Oracle home directory. After the installation is complete, the datafrom the database in the old Oracle home directory is migrated to the databasein the new Oracle home directory.

可以将Oracle Database 安装的新的OracleHome directory，当安装结束后，旧的database 会迁移到新的Oracle homedirectory。

 

Out-of-placeupgrade process is similar to Oracle database upgrade from one version toanother and is the recommended type. The benefits of this upgrade type is thatthe patch set application requires much less downtime, and is safer when thepatch set application must be aborted. This upgrade type requires more diskspace to accommodate two Oracle home directories simultaneously.

       这种方法是oracle推荐的方式，它可以降低downtime 时间，也相对更安全。但是这种方法需要2倍的地盘空间，不过对与现在白菜价硬盘来说，这点空间也不算什么了。

 

2.2 升级步骤

Oracle 10g的Readme上有详细的升级步骤，但是11g的Readme上并没有详细的升级说明，需要参考官方文档。

Oracle 10g upgrade from10.2.0.1 to 10.2.0.4

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5507762

 

（1）    备份数据库

（2）    运行patchset，升级oracle 软件

（3）    准备新的ORACLE_HOME

（4）    运行dbua 或者脚本升级实例

（5）    检查升级后的版本信息和无效对象

 

官网地址：

Upgrading to theNew Release

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e23633/upgrade.htm#i1011372

 

我这里也是一个单实例的升级，相对较简单，如果是RAC的升级，估计还要费劲一点，11gR2RAC 升级后面会继续进行测试。

 

 

三.具体升级操作

3.1 备份DB

我这里是测试环境，就不进行备份，如果是生产环境，切记要先备份，后操作。

如果是In-Place Upgrade，同时备份一下整个ORACLE_HOME目录。 如果升级有问题，还可以还原回来。

 

重点是如下目录：

ORACLE_HOME/dbs

ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

ORACLE_HOME/hostname_dbname

ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_hostname_dbname

 

 

3.2 升级Oracle database 软件

运行Patchset 的runInstaller。

 

 

注意这里，我们选择第三个选项，skip software update，因为我们的patchset已经下载过了，如果选择第二个选项，会遇到如下错误，

 

INS-20704 Thelocation provided is not in the expected directory structure

 

Oracle 给的解决方式是用如下命令来执行：

./runInstaller –downloadUpdates

 

但是这个命令需要收费的Metalink帐号。 MOS 的相关文档：

How To Download The Latest Updates AndPatches Using 11.2.0.2 OUI [ID 1295074.1]

Error: INS-20704 While Installing 11.2.0.2with "Use pre-downloaded software updates" Option [ID 1265270.1]

 

这里要注意，我们之前讲过11gR2的Patchset 可以直接用来安装。在这个界面就可以选择操作类型，这个功能比较方便，从而也导致patchset 越来越大，我们这里选择upgrade an existing database。

 

 

注意这里的安装位置，我之前的安装目录是11.2.0. 这里我改成了11.2.0.3. 即将oracle 安装到其他位置，这样可以减少宕机时间，也是oracle 推荐的方法。

 

 

注意这里的Inventory directory，这里用来存放安装文件的，我们之前安装过DB，所以这个目录已经存在，2种解决方法，删除之前的目录，二放到其他目录，我这里将安装文件存放到其他目录。

 

 

 

[root@dave oraInventory]#/u01/app/oraInventory2/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of/u01/app/oraInventory2.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions forworld.

 

Changing groupname of/u01/app/oraInventory2 to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@dave oraInventory]#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle11g

 

The following environment variables are setas:

   ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

   ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1

 

Enter the full pathname of the local bindirectory: [/usr/local/bin]:

  Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

  Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

  Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

 

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratabfile as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when adatabase is created

Finished running generic part of rootscript.

Now product-specific root actions will beperformed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

 

 

这里会提示我们配置监听，因为监听之前已经存在，所以这里取消监听配置。

 

 

我们点击下一步时，会提示一些配置失败，是否继续，我们点是。 结束Oracle database 软件的安装。

 

 

从上面来看，如果没有错误，在监听配置完毕会，会自动调用DBUA 来升级我们的实例。 这里我们配置失败，正好验证下手工升级实例。

 

3.3 配置新的ORACLE_HOME

这部分工作，主要是准备新的ORACLE_HOME，因为我们的Oracle database 安装到了新的位置，所以我们需要配置一下相关的信息。

 

这部分即使在上面自动调用了DBUA，我们也还是需要进行操作的。

 

After backing upthe database to be upgraded, prepare the new Oracle home in a new location. Dothis for any release of Oracle Database for which you are upgrading, whetherthe database is release 11.2 or earlier. Starting with Oracle Database11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), you install the Oracle Grid Infrastructure andOracle Database software into a new Oracle home instead of applying a patch setto the existing Oracle home.

 

To prepare the new Oracle home：

 

1. Copyconfiguration files from the Oracle home of the database being upgraded to thenew Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) Oracle home:

（1）If your parameter file resideswithin the old environment's Oracle home, then copy it to the new Oracle home.By default, Oracle looks for the parameter file inthe ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory on Linux or UNIX platforms and inthe ORACLE_HOME\database directory on Windows operating systems. Theparameter file can reside anywhere you wish, but it should not reside in theold environment's Oracle home after you upgrade to Oracle Database11g Release 2 (11.2).

（2）If your parameter file resideswithin an Oracle ASM instance, then back up the parameter file using thefollowing command:

CREATE pfileFROM spfile;

If you must downgrade the database andyour SPFILE resided within Oracle ASM, then the parameter file mustbe restored before the downgrade.

（3）If your parameter file is atext-based initialization parameter file with eitheran IFILE (include file) or a SPFILE (server parameter file)entry, and the file specified in the IFILE or SPFILE entryresides within the old environment's Oracle home, then copy the file specifiedby the IFILE or SPFILE entry to the new Oracle home. Thefile specified in the IFILE or SPFILE entry containsadditional initialization parameters.

（4）If you have a password file thatresides within the old environment's Oracle home, then move or copy thepassword file to the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) Oracle home.

The name andlocation of the password file are operating system-specific. On Linux or UNIXplatforms, the default password file is orapwsid, located intheORACLE_HOME/dbs directory. On Windows operating systems, the defaultpassword file is pwdsid.ora, located inthe ORACLE_HOME\database directory. In both cases, sid isyour Oracle instance ID.

（5）If you are upgrading a clusterdatabase and your initdb_name.ora file resides within the oldenvironment's Oracle home, then move or copy theinitdb_name.ora file tothe new Oracle home.

Note:

If you areupgrading a cluster database, then perform this step on all nodes in which thiscluster database has instances configured.

 

2.Adjust your parameterfile in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) by completing the followingsteps:

（1）Removeobsolete initialization parameters and adjust deprecated initializationparameters. Certain parameters are obsolete in Oracle Database 11g Release2 (11.2), while other parameters have become deprecated. Remove all obsoleteparameters from any parameter file that starts an Oracle Database11g Release 2 (11.2) instance. Obsolete parameters might cause errors inOracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2). Also, alter any parameter whosesyntax has changed in the new release.

The Pre-UpgradeInformation Tool displays any deprecated parameters and obsolete parameters itfinds in the Deprecated Parameters and ObsoleteParameters sections, respectively.

（2）Make surethe COMPATIBLE initialization parameter is properly set for OracleDatabase 11g Release 2 (11.2). The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool displays awarning in the Database section if COMPATIBLE is not properly set.

（3）Adjust the values of the initializationparameters to at least the minimum values indicated by the Pre-UpgradeInformation Tool.

（4）Make sure allpath names in the parameter file are fully specified. You should not haverelative path names in the parameter file.

（5）If the parameter file containsan IFILE entry, then change the IFILE entry in theparameter file to point to the new location of the include file that youspecified in Step 1. c.Then, edit the file specified in the IFILE entry in the same way thatyou edited the parameter file in Step a throughStep d.

（6）If you are upgrading a clusterdatabase, then modify the initdb_name.ora file in the same way thatyou modified the parameter file.

Make sure yousave all of the files you modified after making these adjustments.

 

3.If you are upgrading acluster database, then set the CLUSTER_DATABASE initializationparameter to false. After the upgrade, you mustset this initialization parameter back to TRUE.

 

4. 修改Oracle的.bash_profile 文件

       我们重新指定了ORACLE_HOME，需要更新到.bash_profile 里。

 

5. 修改/etc/oratab，该目录下也有ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@dave db_1]$ cat /etc/oratab

anqing:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1:N

具体操作步骤：

[oracle@dave dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

[oracle@dave dbs]$ cp * /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs/

 

[oracle@dave admin]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin

[oracle@dave admin]$ ls

listener11092710PM3007.bak  samples    sqlnet11092710PM3007.bak tnsnames11092710PM3007.bak

listener.ora                shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora                tnsnames.ora

[oracle@dave admin]$ cp -R * /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/network/admin

 

[oracle@dave admin]$ cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile|grep ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.3/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;exportTNS_ADMIN

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export CLASSPATH

 

3.4 Pre-Upgrade Information Tool 说明

After you haveinstalled the software for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) and anyrequired patches, you should analyze your database before upgrading it to thenew release. This is done by running the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool from theenvironment of the database you are to upgrade. The Pre-Upgrade InformationTool is a SQL script included with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2)software. This is a required step if you are upgrading manually; otherwise, thecatupgrd.sql script terminates with errors. Running the Pre-UpgradeInformation Tool is also recommended if you are upgrading with DBUA, so thatyou can preview the items that DBUA checks.

 

To run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool 

1.     Log in to the system as theowner of the environment of the database being upgraded.

Important:

The Pre-UpgradeInformation Tool must be copied to and must be run from the environment of thedatabase being upgraded.

注意，这里必须调用新的ORACLE_HOME 下脚本。

2.     Start SQL*Plus.

3.     Connect to the databaseinstance as a user with SYSDBA privileges.

4.     Set the system to spool resultsto a log file for later analysis:

SQL> SPOOL upgrade_info.log

5.     Run the Pre-Upgrade InformationTool:

SQL>@$11g_ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlu112i.sql

6.     Turn off the spooling of scriptresults to the log file:

SQL> SPOOL OFF

 

脚本运行结果如下：

SQL>@/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/rdbms/admin/utlu112i.sql

Oracle Database 11.2 Pre-UpgradeInformation Tool 09-28-2011 19:32:36

Script Version: 11.2.0.3.0 Build: 001

.

**********************************************************************

Database:

**********************************************************************

--> name:          ANQING

--> version:       11.2.0.1.0

--> compatible:    11.2.0.0.0

--> blocksize:     8192

--> platform:      Linux x86 64-bit

--> timezone file: V11

.

**********************************************************************

Tablespaces: [make adjustments in thecurrent environment]

**********************************************************************

--> SYSTEM tablespace is adequate forthe upgrade.

.... minimum required size: 686 MB

--> SYSAUX tablespace is adequate forthe upgrade.

.... minimum required size: 484 MB

--> UNDOTBS1 tablespace is adequate forthe upgrade.

.... minimum required size: 400 MB

--> TEMP tablespace is adequate for theupgrade.

.... minimum required size: 60 MB

--> EXAMPLE tablespace is adequate forthe upgrade.

.... minimum required size: 78 MB

.

**********************************************************************

Flashback: OFF

**********************************************************************

**********************************************************************

Update Parameters: [Update Oracle Database11.2 init.ora or spfile]

Note: Pre-upgrade tool was run on a lowerversion 64-bit database.

**********************************************************************

--> If Target Oracle is 32-Bit, referhere for Update Parameters:

-- No update parameter changes arerequired.

.

 

--> If Target Oracle is 64-Bit, referhere for Update Parameters:

-- No update parameter changes arerequired.

.

**********************************************************************

Renamed Parameters: [Update Oracle Database11.2 init.ora or spfile]

**********************************************************************

-- No renamed parameters found. No changesare required.

.

**********************************************************************

Obsolete/Deprecated Parameters: [UpdateOracle Database 11.2 init.ora or spfile]

**********************************************************************

-- No obsolete parameters found. No changesare required

.

 

**********************************************************************

Components: [The following databasecomponents will be upgraded or installed]

**********************************************************************

--> Oracle Catalog Views         [upgrade]  VALID

--> Oracle Packages and Types    [upgrade] VALID

--> JServer JAVA Virtual Machine[upgrade]  VALID

--> Oracle XDK for Java          [upgrade]  VALID

--> Oracle Workspace Manager     [upgrade] VALID

--> OLAP Analytic Workspace      [upgrade] VALID

--> OLAP Catalog                 [upgrade]  VALID

--> EM Repository                [upgrade]  VALID

--> Oracle Text                  [upgrade]  VALID

--> Oracle XML Database          [upgrade]  VALID

--> Oracle Java Packages         [upgrade]  VALID

--> Oracle interMedia            [upgrade] VALID

--> Spatial                      [upgrade]  VALID

--> Expression Filter            [upgrade]  VALID

--> Rule Manager                 [upgrade]  VALID

--> Oracle Application Express   [upgrade] VALID

... APEX will only be upgraded if theversion of APEX in

... the target Oracle home is higher thanthe current one.

--> Oracle OLAP API              [upgrade]  VALID

.

**********************************************************************

Miscellaneous Warnings

**********************************************************************

WARNING: --> Database is using atimezone file older than version 14.

.... After the release migration, it isrecommended that DBMS_DST package

.... be used to upgrade the 11.2.0.1.0database timezone version

.... to the latest version which comes withthe new release.

WARNING: --> Your recycle bin is turnedon and currently contains no objects.

.... Because it is REQUIRED that therecycle bin be empty prior to upgrading

.... and your recycle bin is turned on, youmay need to execute the command:

       PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN

.... prior to executing your upgrade toconfirm the recycle bin is empty.

WARNING: --> Database contains schemaswith objects dependent on DBMS_LDAP package.

.... Refer to the 11g Upgrade Guide forinstructions to configure Network ACLs.

.... USER APEX_030200 has dependentobjects.

.

*********************************************************************

Recommendations

*********************************************************************

Oracle recommends gathering dictionarystatistics prior to upgrading the database.

To gather dictionary statistics execute thefollowing command while connected as SYSDBA:

 

   EXECUTE dbms_stats.gather_dictionary_stats;

 

*********************************************************************

Oracle recommends reviewing any definedevents prior to upgrading.

 

To view existing non-default events executethe following commands

while connected AS SYSDBA:

 Events:

   SELECT (translate(value,chr(13)||chr(10),' ')) FROM sys.v$parameter2

     WHERE  UPPER(name) ='EVENT'AND  isdefault='FALSE'

 

 Trace Events:

   SELECT (translate(value,chr(13)||chr(10),' ')) from sys.v$parameter2

     WHERE UPPER(name) = '_TRACE_EVENTS' AND isdefault='FALSE'

 

Changes will need to be made in theinit.ora or spfile.

 

*********************************************************************

SQL>

 

关于这个结果的具体含义，官方文档有详细的说明。

 

3.5 升级Instance

       升级Instance 有两种方法，第一种是使用dbua工具，第二种是手工执行脚本。

 

3.5.1 使用DBUA 工具

3.5.1.1 DBUA 工具在升级instance前会检查如下选项：

（1）       Invalid user accounts or roles

（2）       Invalid data types or invalidobjects

（3）       Desupported character sets

（4）       Adequate resources, includingrollback segments, tablespaces, and free disk space

（5）       Missing SQL scripts needed forthe upgrade

（6）       Listener running (if OracleEnterprise Manager Database Control upgrade or configuration is requested)

（7）       Oracle Database software linkedwith Database Vault option

 

3.5.1.2  DBUA 的一些注意事项

（1）Important: If you terminatethe upgrade, but do not restore the database, then you cannot restart DBUA. Instead,you must continue with a manual (command line) upgrade as described in "ManuallyUpgrading the Database".

（2）DBUA can be used to upgrade from earlierOracle Database 11g patch releases as well as from earlier major OracleDatabase releases on both Oracle RAC databases and Oracle Databasesingle-instance databases. The procedure to upgrade patch releases is nodifferent from the normal upgrade procedure.

（3）You must run the Oracle NetConfiguration Assistant before running DBUA. See "Usingthe Oracle Net Configuration Assistant".

If you are upgradingan existing Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or if you areconfiguring a new Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control for the new OracleDatabase 11g release, then the listener must be running before upgradingOracle Enterprise Manager. If DBUA detects that an Oracle Enterprise Managerupgrade or configuration is requested, and DBUA does not see a listenerrunning, then it prompts you and starts the default listener in either of thesecases.

（4）If you upgrade a cluster databaseusing DBUA, then you must make surethe CLUSTER_DATABASE initialization parameter is set to TRUE.

（5）If the database instance is notrunning, then DBUA tries to start the instance with the default initializationparameter file. If that fails, then DBUA prompts you to provide the name of thecorrect initialization parameter file or to start the instance. If the instanceis up and running, then DBUA connects to it.

（6）If you terminate the upgrade, butdo not restore the database, then you cannot restart DBUA until you start upthe existing database in UPGRADE mode using the new Oracle Database11g server. You cannot go back to the original server unless you restoreyour database.

For Oracle RAC,you cannot re-run DBUA once you terminate the upgrade. If you need to re-runthe upgrade, then you must run DBUA from the restored backup of the databaseyou are upgrading.

（7）If you restore your databasemanually (not using DBUA), then remove the Welcome_SID.txt file,which is located in the ORACLE_HOME/cfgtoollogs/dbua/logs/ directory,before starting DBUA. The presence of this file indicates to DBUA that this isa re-run operation.

 

DBUA 工具比较简单，直接下一步的操作。这里就不多少了。

 

3.5.2 手工使用命令升级实例

 

1.Shut down the instance:

SQL> SHUTDOWNIMMEDIATE

 

2.If your operatingsystem is Windows, then complete the following steps:

（1）Stopthe OracleServiceSID Oracle service of the database you areupgrading, where SID is the instance name. For example, ifyour SID is ORCL, then enter the following at a command prompt:

C:\> NET STOPOracleServiceORCL

（2）Delete the Oracle service at a command prompt using ORADIM.

If your SID is ORCL, thenenter the following command:

C:\> ORADIM-DELETE -SID ORCL

（3）Create the Oracle Database11g Release 2 (11.2) service at a command prompt usingthe ORADIM command of the new Oracle Database release:

C:\> ORADIM-NEW -SID SID -SYSPWD PASSWORD -MAXUSERS USERS

    -STARTMODE AUTO -PFILE ORACLE_HOME\DATABASE\INITSID.ORA

 

This syntax includes thefollowing variables:

Variable	Description
SID	The same SID name as the SID of the database you are upgrading.
PASSWORD	The password for the new Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) database instance. This is the password for the user connected with SYSDBA privileges. The -SYSPWD option is not required. If you do not specify it, then operating system authentication is used, and no password is required. If the default Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) security settings are in place, then passwords must be at least eight characters, and passwords such as welcome and oracle are not allowed. See Oracle Database Security Guide for more information.
USERS	The maximum number of users who can be granted SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges.
ORACLE_HOME	The Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) Oracle home directory. Ensure that you specify the full path name with the -PFILE option, including the drive letter of the Oracle home directory.

 

For example, ifyour SID is ORCL, your password (SYSPWD)is TWxy5791, the maximum number of users (MAXUSERS) is 10, andtheORACLE_HOME directory is C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\11.2.0\DB, then enterthe following command:

C:\> ORADIM-NEW -SID ORCL -SYSPWD TWxy5791 -MAXUSERS 10

-STARTMODE AUTO-PFILE C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\11.2.0\DB\DATABASE\INITORCL.ORA

ORADIM writes a log file tothe ORACLE_HOME\database directory.

 

3. If your operatingsystem is Linux or UNIX, then perform the following checks:

（1）Your ORACLE_SID is set correctly

（2）The oratab file points toyour Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) Oracle home

（3）The following environment variablespoint to the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) directories:

ORACLE_HOME

PATH

（4）Any scripts that clients use to setthe ORACLE_HOME value must point to the new Oracle home.

 

4. Log in to the system as the owner of theOracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) Oracle home directory.

 

5.At a system prompt, change tothe ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin directory.

       --这里是新的ORACLE HOME

6. Start SQL*Plus.

7.Connect to the database instance as auser with SYSDBA privileges.

8.Start the instanceby issuing the following command:

SQL> STARTUPUPGRADE

 

Upgrade 关键字的作用：

The UPGRADE keywordenables you to open a database based on an earlier Oracle Database release. It also restricts logons to AS SYSDBA sessions,disables system triggers, and performs additional operations that prepare theenvironment for the upgrade.

 

You might berequired to use the PFILE option to specify the location of your initializationparameter file.

Once thedatabase is started in upgrade mode, only queries on fixed views executewithout errors until after the catupgrd.sql script is run. Beforerunning catupgrd.sql, queries on any other view or the use of PL/SQL returns anerror.

The followingare common errors that might occur when attempting to start the new OracleDatabase 11g Release 2 (11.2) database. Some of these errors are writtento the alert log and not to your session. If you receive any of these errors,then issue the SHUTDOWN ABORT command to shut down the database andcorrect the problem.

 

ORA-00401: thevalue for parameter compatible is not supported by this release

The COMPATIBLE initializationparameter is set to a value less than 10.0.0.

ORA-39701:database must be mounted EXCLUSIVE for UPGRADE or DOWNGRADE

The CLUSTER_DATABASE initializationparameter is set to TRUE instead of FALSE.

ORA-39700:database must be opened with UPGRADE option

The STARTUP command was issuedwithout the UPGRADE keyword.

ORA-00336: logfile size xxxx blocks is less than minimum 8192 blocks

A redo log file size is less than 4 MB:

 

If errors appearlisting obsolete initialization parameters, then make a note of the obsoleteinitialization parameters and continue with the upgrade. Remove the obsoleteinitialization parameters the next time you shut down the database.

 

9. Perform this step onlyif you are upgrading from Oracle9i Release 2 (9.2). Otherwise, skip to thenext step.

Createa SYSAUX tablespace. In the new Oracle Database 11g release,the SYSAUX tablespace is used to consolidate data from a number oftablespaces that were separate in previous releases.

The SYSAUX tablespace must becreated with the following mandatory attributes:

（1）       ONLINE

（2）       PERMANENT

（3）       READ WRITE

（4）       EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

（5）       SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO

 

The Pre-UpgradeInformation Tool provides an estimate of the minimum required size forthe SYSAUX tablespace under the SYSAUX Tablespace section.Table3-4 can be used to determine an optimal size forthe SYSAUX tablespace.

 

Table 3-4 Guidelines for Sizing the SYSAUXTablespace

Factor	Small	Medium	Large
Number of CPUs	2	8	32
Number of concurrently active sessions	5	20	100
Number of user objects (tables and indexes)	500	5,000	50,000
Estimated SYSAUX size at steady state with default configuration	500 MB	2 GB	5 GB

 

The followingSQL statement would create a 500 MB SYSAUX tablespace for thedatabase:

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE sysaux DATAFILE'sysaux01.dbf'

        SIZE 500M REUSE

        EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

        SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO

        ONLINE;

 

10. Set the system to spool results to alog file for later verification of success:

SQL> SPOOL upgrade.log

 

11.Run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool byexecuting the utlu112i.sql script:

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlu112i.sql

 

12. Run the catupgrd.sql script:

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql

这个脚本才是真正的升级脚本，前面搞了那么多，就为了执行这个脚本。

 

还有一点要注意，就是执行这个脚本会产生大量的归档文件， 平均3分钟产生40M的归档。

该脚本运行了80分钟。 而在Oracle10g下，运行该脚本在40分钟左右。时间增加了一倍。增加了升级系统的宕机时间。

 

Note:

If you did not run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool,the catupgrd.sql script terminates with one of the following errors:

 

ORA-00942: tableor view does not exist

ORA-00904:"TZ_VERSION": invalid identifier

ORA-01722:invalid number

 

If you receiveany of these errors, issue the SHUTDOWN ABORT statement, revert tothe original Oracle home directory, and run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool (utlu112i.sql)as described in "Usingthe Pre-Upgrade Information Tool".

 

The catupgrd.sql scriptdetermines which upgrade scripts must be run, runs them, and then shuts downthe database. You must run the script in the OracleDatabase 11g Release 2 (11.2) environment.

 

The upgrade script creates and alters certain data dictionary tables. It also upgrades orinstalls the following database components in the new Oracle Database11g Release 2 (11.2) database:

（1）       Oracle Database Catalog Views

（2）       Oracle Database Packages andTypes

（3）       JServer JAVA Virtual Machine

（4）       Oracle Database Java Packages

（5）       Oracle XDK

（6）       Oracle Real ApplicationClusters

（7）       Oracle Workspace Manager

（8）       Oracle Multimedia

（9）       Oracle XML Database

（10）    OLAP Analytic Workspace

（11）    Oracle OLAP API

（12）    OLAP Catalog

（13）    Oracle Text

（14）    Spatial

（15）    Oracle Data Mining

（16）    Oracle Label Security

（17）    Messaging Gateway

（18）    Oracle Expression Filter

（19）    Oracle Rules Manager

（20）    Oracle Enterprise Manager Repository

（21）    Oracle Database Vault

（22）    Oracle Application Express

 

13. Restart the instance to reinitializethe system parameters for normal operation.

SQL> STARTUP

 

This restart, following the database shutdown performed as part ofthe catupgrd.sql script, flushes all caches, clears buffers,and performs other housekeeping activities. These measures are an importantfinal step to ensure the integrity and consistency of the newly upgraded OracleDatabase software.

Catupgrd.sql 脚本里会执行shutdown命令。

 

14.Run utlu112s.sql,the Post-Upgrade Status Tool, which provides a summary of the upgrade at theend of the spool log. You can run utlu112s.sql any time aftercompleting the upgrade. See "Aboutthe Post-Upgrade Status Tool" for more information.

 

Run utlu112s.sql todisplay the results of the upgrade as follows:

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlu112s.sql

 

If thePost-Upgrade Status Tool returns errors or shows components that arenot VALID or not the most recent release, then see "Troubleshootingthe Upgrade" for more information.

示例：

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/utlu112s.sql

.Oracle Database11.2 Post-Upgrade Status Tool      09-29-2011 12:05:19

.Component              Current     Version     Elapsed Time

Name                   Status      Number      HH:MM:SS

.Oracle Server             VALID     11.2.0.3.0  00:44:22

JServer JAVAVirtual Machine VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:00

Oracle WorkspaceManager     VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:02:07

OLAP AnalyticWorkspace      VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:00

OLAP Catalog                          VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:00

Oracle OLAP API                     VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:01:45

OracleEnterprise Manager       VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:00

Oracle XDK                              VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:00

Oracle Text                                VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:00

Oracle XMLDatabase              VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:00

Oracle DatabaseJava Packages       VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:00

OracleMultimedia                    VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:10:50

Spatial                                       VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:17:19

OracleExpression Filter            VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:48

Oracle RulesManager               VALID      11.2.0.3.0  00:00:46

OracleApplication Express       VALID       3.2.1.00.10

GatheringStatistics                                                         00:07:08

Total UpgradeTime: 01:25:42

 

PL/SQL proceduresuccessfully completed.

 

该脚本会显示升级各个组件所花的时间，这里显示我们升级组件花了85分钟。

 

 

15. Run catuppst.sql, located inthe ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin directory, to perform upgrade actions that do not require the database to be in UPGRADE mode:

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catuppst.sql

 

This may generate thefollowing informational messages:

 

Generating apply and rollback scripts...

Check the following file for errors:

Apply script: .*

Rollback script: .*

Executing script file...

Updating registry...

Check the following log file for errors:

 

Generating apply and rollback scripts...

Check the following file for errors:

.../cfgtoollogs/catbundle/catbundle_PSU_*.log

Apply script:

.../rdbms/admin/catbundle_PSU_*_APPLY.sql

Rollback script:

.../rdbms/admin/catbundle_PSU_*_ROLLBACK.sql

Executing script file...

 

Updating registry...

Check the following log file for errors:

.../cfgtoollogs/catbundle/catbundle_PSU_*.log

 

16. Run utlrp.sql to recompile any remaining stored PL/SQL and Java code.

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

       该脚本运行需要花30分种。 都很费时间啊。

 

 

Verify that all expectedpackages and classes are valid:

SQL> SELECTcount(*) FROM dba_invalid_objects;

SQL> SELECTdistinct object_name FROM dba_invalid_objects;

 

Note:

If thepre-upgrade information tool detected INVALID objects and populatedthe registry$sys_inv_objs andregistry$nonsys_inv_objs tables,then execute ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utluiobj.sql to display onlythose objects which are newly invalid because of the upgrade process.The utluiobj.sql script only displays objects that arenowINVALID but which were VALID before the upgrade.

 

17. Exit SQL*Plus.

 

18.If you are upgrading a cluster databasefrom releases 10.2, 11.1, or 11.2.0.1, then upgrade the database configurationin Oracle Clusterware using the following command:

$ srvctl upgradedatabase -d db-unique-name -o oraclehome

 

where db-unique-name isthe database name assigned to it (not the instance name),and oraclehome is the Oracle home location in which the database isbeing upgraded.

 

19. 最后调用一下dbca 重建一下OEM。

       如果dbca 显示OEM 已经配置过，rm 掉如下2个目录，再次运行就ok了。

ORACLE_HOME/hostname_dbname

ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_hostname_dbname

至此，通过命令升级操作结束。

 

 

如果在升级过程中遇到问题，可以重新执行升级脚本，步骤如下：

1.Shut down the database as follows:

    SQL> SHUTDOWNIMMEDIATE

2.Restart the databasein UPGRADE mode:

   SQL> STARTUPUPGRADE

3.Set the system to spool results to a logfile for later verification of success:

   SQL> SPOOLupgrade.log

4.Rerun catupgrd.sql:

   SQL>@catupgrd.sql

Note:

You can rerunthe catupgrd.sql script as many times as necessary. The first timeyou run the script, there should be no error messages returned. If you rerunthe script, then the ORA-00001 messageis displayed. You can safely ignore this message.

5.Rerun utlu112s.sql:

   SQL>@utlu112s.sql

 

 

最后验证一下各个组件的版本和状态：

SQL> SELECT COMP_NAME, VERSION, STATUSFROM SYS.DBA_REGISTRY;

 

COMP_NAME                                VERSION                        STATUS

---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------

OWB                                     11.2.0.1.0                     VALID

Oracle Application Express               3.2.1.00.10                    VALID

Oracle Enterprise Manager                11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

OLAP Catalog                             11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Spatial                                 11.2.0.3.0                    VALID

Oracle Multimedia                        11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Oracle XML Database                      11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Oracle Text                              11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Oracle Expression Filter                 11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Oracle Rules Manager                     11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Oracle Workspace Manager                 11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

 

COMP_NAME                                VERSION                        STATUS

---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------

Oracle Database Catalog Views            11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Oracle Database Packages and Types       11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

JServer JAVA Virtual Machine             11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Oracle XDK                               11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Oracle Database Java Packages            11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

OLAP Analytic Workspace                  11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

Oracle OLAP API                          11.2.0.3.0                     VALID

 

18 rows selected.

 

 

小结：

       我升级这个单实例使用的默认参数。 内存参数如下：

 

SQL> show parameter memory

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

hi_shared_memory_address             integer     0

memory_max_target                    big integer 1000M

memory_target                        big integer 1000M

shared_memory_address                integer     0

 

SQL> show parameter java

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

java_jit_enabled                     boolean     TRUE

java_max_sessionspace_size           integer     0

java_pool_size                       big integer 0

java_soft_sessionspace_limit         integer     0

 

SQL> select * from v$sgainfo;

 

NAME                                  BYTES RES

-------------------------------- -------------

Fixed SGA Size                      2234960 No

Redo Buffers                        5656576 No

Buffer Cache Size                 318767104 Yes

Shared Pool Size                  276824064 Yes

Large Pool Size                     4194304 Yes

Java Pool Size                     71303168 Yes

Streams Pool Size                         0 Yes

Shared IO Pool Size                33554432 Yes

Granule Size                        4194304 No

Maximum SGA Size                 1043886080 No

Startup overhead in Shared Pool    71970864 No

 

NAME                                  BYTES RES

-------------------------------- -------------

Free SGA Memory Available         364904448

 

 

在这种配置下：catupgrd.sql 跑了85分钟，utlrp.sql 跑了30分钟。然后加上备份的时间，即使采用out-of-place upgrade的方式来升级，安装Oracle database 的时间可以省掉，但总的升级时间还是较10g有增加。

脚本120分钟，备份1个小时，然后冗余1-2小时，申请停机的时间至少需要4个小时，系统耗不起啊。

 

不过朋友说增加Java_Pool 可以减少运行脚本的时间，这块还没有测试，有朋友测试的话可以试试这种方法。