《Microsoft SQL Server 2008 MDX Step by Step》学习笔记六:生成复杂的集合(Sets)(下)

SQL Server 2008中SQL应用系列及BI笔记系列--目录索引


导读:本文介绍集合(Sets)的进阶内容,本文将包括以下内容:

■1、Filter函数

■2、NonEmpty函数

■3、Set的Union、InterSection和Exception

■4、Generate和Extract函数

本文所用数据库和所有源码,请到微软官网下载

 

1、使用Filter函数(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms146037.aspx)

例6-14

SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Internet Sales Amount])
} ON COLUMNS,
Filter(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
([Measures].[Internet Sales Amount]) > ([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

 

例6-15

SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Internet Sales Amount])
} ON COLUMNS,
Filter(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
([Measures].[Internet Sales Amount]) > ([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]) AND
(
[Product].[Category].CurrentMember Is [Product].[Category].[Clothing] OR
[Product].[Category].CurrentMember Is [Product].[Category].[Accessories]
)
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

 

例6-16

SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Internet Sales Amount])
} ON COLUMNS,
Filter(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
([Measures].[Internet Sales Amount]) >
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]) AND
NOT (
[Product].[Category].CurrentMember Is [Product].[Category].[Clothing] OR
[Product].[Category].CurrentMember Is [Product].[Category].[Accessories]
)
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

 

2、使用NonEmpty函数(http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms145988.aspx)

例6-17

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
NonEmpty(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])}
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

 

例6-18

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
NON EMPTY {[Product].[Product].[Product].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

这两个例子中,使用NonEmpty函数和Non Empty关键字其实效果是一样的。

3、组合结果集

结果集的组合有三种形式:Union,intersection和Exception

如下图所示:

看原始例子:

例6-19:

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
10,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount], [Date].[Calendar Year].[CY 2004])
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

看看Union的效果:

例6-20:

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
Union(
TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
10,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount], [Date].[Calendar Year].[CY 2003])
),
TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
10,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount], [Date].[Calendar Year].[CY 2004])
)
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

使用Exception的效果:

例6-21:

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
Except(
TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
10,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount], [Date].[Calendar Year].[CY 2003])
),
TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
10,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount], [Date].[Calendar Year].[CY 2004])
)
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

InterSection的效果:

例6-22:

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
Intersect(
TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
10,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount], [Date].[Calendar Year].[CY 2004])
),
TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
10,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount], [Date].[Calendar Year].[CY 2003])
)
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

 

4、Generate和Extract函数

MDX语言提供了两个强有力的“深奥”函数

Generate(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms145526%28v=SQL.105%29.aspx)

Extract(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms145980.aspx)

看原始语句:

例6-23:

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
5,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

加上Generate

例6-24:

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
Generate(
{[Product].[Category].[Category].Members},

TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
5,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
)
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

所得的结果与上例相同,

那么,generate起什么作用呢?我们再加上All标志符

 

例6-25:

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
Generate(
{[Product].[Category].[Category].Members},
TopCount(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
5,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
),
ALL
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

换句话说,Generate其实是实现了遍历,按每个分类进行TopCount,这个在统计中非常棒。如果老板要统计今年每个月工作量最大的十个员工,那么你应该想到Generate,更进一步,你可以使用Category的hierarchy属性,得到如下结果:

例6-26

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
Generate(
{[Product].[Category].[Category].Members},
{([Product].[Category].CurrentMember)} *
TopCount(
EXISTING {[Product].[Product].[Product].Members},
5,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
),
ALL
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

结果:

Extract的用途,先看下面的例子,使用Filter

例6-27

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
Filter(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members} *
{[Date].[Calendar].[Month].Members},
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])>160000
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

使用Extract的例子

例6-28

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
Extract(
Filter(
{[Product].[Product].[Product].Members} *
{[Date].[Calendar].[Month].Members},
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])>160000
),
[Product].[Product]
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

请注意:Extract在此处相当于使用了distinct。

小结:本文是集合(Sets)的进阶,介绍了几个常用的函数如Filter和NonEmpty,Generate和Extract,集的组合方式如Union、InterSection和Exception。

下文将继续学习执行Aggregation的相关内容。

参考资源:

1、MDX官方教程(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms145506.aspx)



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