什么是bash shell的内建(build in)命令

1.什么是build in命令:


        shell内建命令是指bash(或其它版本)工具集中的命令。一般都会有一个与之同名的系统命令,比如bash中的echo命令与/bin/echo是两个不同的命令,尽管他们行为大体相仿。当在bash中键入一个命令时系统会先看他是否是一个内建命令,如果不是才会查看是否是系统命令或第三方工具。所以在bash中键入echo命令实际上执行bash工具集中的bash命令也就是内建命令,而不是/bin/echo这个系统命令。


2.内建命令与系统命令

       内建命令要比系统论命令有比较高的执行效率。外部命令执行时往往需要fork出(产生出)一个子进程,而内建命令一般不用。下面(或许以后还会有)这一篇文章将介简bash的内建命令。


3.查看一个命令是系统命令还是内建命令:type

hyk@hyk-linux:~/Documents
$ type -a pwd
pwd is a shell builtin
pwd is /bin/pwd

hyk@hyk-linux:~/Documents
$ type -a echo
echo is a shell builtin
echo is /bin/echo

可以看出,有些命令,echo和pwd同时是内建命令和系统命令。


4.常见命令的类型

[root@new55 ~]# type -a cd 

cd is a shell builtin
[root@new55 ~]# type -a pwd 
pwd is a shell builtin
pwd is /bin/pwd
[root@new55 ~]# type -a time 
time is a shell keyword
time is /usr/bin/time
[root@new55 ~]# type -a date 
date is /bin/date
[root@new55 ~]# type -a which 
which is aliased to `alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'
which is /usr/bin/which
[root@new55 ~]# type -a whereis 
whereis is /usr/bin/whereis
[root@new55 ~]# type -a whatis 
whatis is /usr/bin/whatis
[root@new55 ~]# type -a function 
function is a shell keyword
[root@new55 ~]# type -a ls 
ls is aliased to `ls --color=tty'
ls is /bin/ls
[root@new55 ~]# type -a ll 
ll is aliased to `ls -l --color=tty'
[root@new55 ~]# type -a echo 
echo is a shell builtin
echo is /bin/echo
[root@new55 ~]# type -a bulitin 
-bash: type: bulitin: not found
[root@new55 ~]# type -a builtin 
builtin is a shell builtin
[root@new55 ~]# type -a keyword 
-bash: type: keyword: not found
[root@new55 ~]# type -a command 
command is a shell builtin
[root@new55 ~]# type -a alias 
alias is a shell builtin
[root@new55 ~]# type -a grep 
grep is /bin/grep
[root@new55 ~]#


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