Apache DBUtils使用总结

DBUtils是个小巧的JDBC轻量级封装的工具包,其最核心的特性是结果集的封装,可以直接将查询出来的结果集封装成JavaBean,这就为我们做了最枯燥乏味、最容易出错的一大部分工作。
 
在使用DBUtils之前,应该注意一些问题:
 
1、DBUtils是JDBC的简单封装,可以和JDBC混合使用。
 
2、DBUtils对结果集自动封装为JavaBean是有着苛刻要求的:必须满足JavaBean的规范,其次Bean的getter与setter方法的名字与结果集的列名一一对应,而不要求JavaBean的私有成员与表结果集列名一一对应。
比如:
person表中有个字段叫:address,那么对应的JavaBean的Person类中必须有getAddress和setAddress两个方法,而Person类中可以将address属性命名为add,这是没问题的。
 
3、DBUtils可以将结果集封装为各种类型,主要有:Bean/List<Bean>,Map/List<Map>/Map<Map>,数组/List<数组>,列/List<列>,这些类型。
对于Map<Map>的类型使用KeyedHandler作为结果集处理器,内层的Map是“列名-值"对,外层的Map是“主键-内层Map的引用”,但此处的主键不一定就是数据库的主键,可以随意指定,比如:

 

ResultSetHandler h =   new  KeyedHandler( "id");  
Map found = (Map) queryRunner.query( "select id, name, age from person", h);  
Map jane = (Map) found.get( new  Long(1));   // jane's id is 1 
String janesName = (String) jane.get( "name");  
Integer janesAge = (Integer) jane.get( "age");
 
4、DBUtils执行插入操作的时候,无法返回自增主键,这是一个很严重的问题,当然不能怪DBUtils,可以通过变通的方法来实现,比如在MySQL中,执行完了一个插入SQL后,接着执行SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()语句,就可以获取到自增主键。
5、DBUtils的性能和JDBC性能是一样,测试过程中没发现性能损失,拥有了很高性能的同时,而不失JDBC的灵活性。
6、对于JavaBean的成员类型定义,有一条原则那就是:尽可能使用包装类型,而不要使用基本类型。很多人不理解为什么,包括我见到一些傻B(,我提出让改为包装类型,他还信誓旦旦的说他的代码多牛多叼),都干好多年了,这个简单的道理还不知道:
        //错误
        int a1 = (Integer) null;
        boolean x1 = (Boolean)null;
        //正确
        Integer a2 = (Integer) null;
        Boolean x2 = (Boolean)null;
 
实际上就是为了保证在查询结果为null的时候,也不会因为给基本类型赋null值而发生错误。
 
下面给出一个简单例子,作为以后写代码时候有点参考:
 
环境:
MySQL5.4
JDK1.5
建表SQL:
CREATE   TABLE  person (  
     id   bigint(20)   NOT   NULL  AUTO_INCREMENT,  
       name   varchar(24)   DEFAULT   NULL,  
     age   int(11)   DEFAULT   NULL,  
     address   varchar(120)   DEFAULT   NULL,  
       PRIMARY   KEY  (id)  
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1   DEFAULT  CHARSET=gbk
 
Java代码:
public   class  Person {  
         private  Long id;  
         private  String sdf;  
         private  String address2;  
         private  Integer age;  

         public  Person() {  
        }  

         public  Person(String sdf) {  
                 this.sdf = sdf;  
        }  

         public  Person(String sdf, Integer age, String address) {  
                 this.sdf = sdf;  
                 this.age = age;  
                 this.address2 = address;  
        }  

         public  Long getId() {  
                 return  id;  
        }  

         public   void  setId(Long id) {  
                 this.id = id;  
        }  

         public  String getSdf() {  
                 return  sdf;  
        }  

         public   void  setSdf(String sdf) {  
                 this.sdf = sdf;  
        }  

         public  Integer getAge() {  
                 return  age;  
        }  

         public   void  setAge(Integer age) {  
                 this.age = age;  
        }  

         public  String getAddress() {  
                 return  address2;  
        }  

         public   void  setAddress(String address2) {  
                 this.address2 = address2;  
        }  
}
 
测试
package  com.lavasoft.dbstu;  

import  com.lavasoft.common.DBToolkit;  
import  org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;  
import  org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;  
import  org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;  
import  org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler;  
import  org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;  

import  java.sql.Connection;  
import  java.sql.SQLException;  
import  java.util.List;  
import  java.util.Map;  

/** 
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA. 
* 
* @author leizhimin 2010-1-25 21:00:29 
*/
 
public   class  PersonDAOImpl   implements  PersonDAO {  
         private   static  PersonDAOImpl instance =   new  PersonDAOImpl();  

         public   static  PersonDAOImpl getInstance() {  
                 return  instance;  
        }  

         public   static   void  main(String[] args) {  
                 //错误 
                 int  a1 = (Integer)   null;  
                 boolean  x1 = (Boolean)   null;  
                 //正确 
                Integer a2 = (Integer)   null;  
                Boolean x2 = (Boolean)   null;  

                getInstance().save( null);  
                getInstance().update( null);  
                getInstance().load( null);  
                getInstance().load4Map( null);  
        }  

        @Override  
         public  Long save(String sql) {  
                Long id =   null;  
                String ins_sql =   "INSERT INTO person (NAME, age, address) VALUES ('aaa', 21, 'address001')";  
                Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();  
                QueryRunner qr =   new  QueryRunner();  
                 try  {  
                        qr.update(conn, ins_sql);  
                         //获取新增记录的自增主键 
                        id = (Long) qr.query(conn,   "SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()",   new  ScalarHandler(1));  
                }   catch  (SQLException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                }   finally  {  
                        DBToolkit.closeConnection(conn);  
                }  
                 return  id;  
        }  

        @Override  
         public   int  delete(Long id) {  
                 int  x = 0;  
                Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();  
                QueryRunner qr =   new  QueryRunner();  
                 try  {  
                        x = qr.update(conn,   "DELETE FROM person WHERE id = ?", id);  
                }   catch  (SQLException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                }   finally  {  
                        DBToolkit.closeConnection(conn);  
                }  
                 return  x;  
        }  

        @Override  
         public   int  update(Person person) {  
                 int  x = 0;  
                Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();  
                QueryRunner qr =   new  QueryRunner();  
                 try  {  
                        x = qr.update(conn,   "UPDATE person SET NAME = ?, age = ?, address = ? WHERE id = ?",   "xxx", 23,   "ttt", 5);  
                }   catch  (SQLException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                }   finally  {  
                        DBToolkit.closeConnection(conn);  
                }  
                 return  x;  

        }  

        @Override  
         public  Person load(Long id) {  
                Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();  
                QueryRunner qr =   new  QueryRunner();  
                 try  {  
                        Person person = (Person) qr.query(conn,   "SELECT * FROM person where id = ?",   new  BeanHandler(Person. class), 3L);  
                        System.out.println(person.getId() +   "/t"  + person.getSdf() +   "/t"  + person.getAge() +   "/t"  + person.getAddress());  
                }   catch  (SQLException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
                 return   null;  
        }  

        @Override  
         public  List<Person> findPerson(String sql) {  
                Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();  
                QueryRunner qr =   new  QueryRunner();  
                 try  {  
                        List<Person> pset = (List) qr.query(conn,   "SELECT * FROM person",   new  BeanListHandler(Person. class));  
                         for  (Person person : pset) {  
                                System.out.println(person.getId() +   "/t"  + person.getSdf() +   "/t"  + person.getAge() +   "/t"  + person.getAddress());  
                        }  
                }   catch  (SQLException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
                 return   null;  
        }  

         public  Person load4Map(Long id) {  
                Connection conn = DBToolkit.getConnection();  
                QueryRunner qr =   new  QueryRunner();  
                 try  {  
                         //先将两个字段置为null 
                        qr.update(conn,   "update person set age = null,address =null where id =1");  
                        Map<String, Object> map = qr.query(conn,   "SELECT * FROM person where id = ?",   newMapHandler(), 1L);  
                        Person person =   new  Person();  
                        person.setId((Long) map.get( "id"));  
                        person.setSdf((String) map.get( "name"));  
                        person.setAge((Integer) map.get( "age"));  
                        person.setAddress((String) map.get( "address"));  
                        System.out.println(person.getId() +   "/t"  + person.getSdf() +   "/t"  + person.getAge() +   "/t"  + person.getAddress());  
                }   catch  (SQLException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
                 return   null;  
        }  
}
 
注意:
从上面的过程看,每个SQL的执行都需要用到QueryRunner,这其实是一个普通的类,非线程安全。在创建这个QueryRunner对象的时候,每次都要new。
 
QueryRunner对象的创建方式很多,可以通过DateSource,也可以通过Connection来创建。从QueryRunner对象上,可以直接获取到DataSource或者Connection对象。
 
如果你想看更多例子:
http://jzinfo.javaeye.com/blog/543929

本文出自 “熔 岩” 博客,出处http://lavasoft.blog.51cto.com/62575/270661

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