kernel 选项详解(stlinux2.3)

General setup(基本属性设置)
 ->[]prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers //显示尚在开发的代码和驱动(嵌入式开发不用选择)
  （-pdk7105）Local version -append to kernel release   //本地版本信息追加到kernel发布版
  []Automatically append version information to the version string  //自动追加版本信息到版本字符串
  [*]Support for pading of anonymous memory(swap)          //支持交换分区
  [*]System V IPC                     //进程间通信
  []BSD Process Accounting                //充许用户进程访问内核将账户信息写入文件中的
  []Export task/process statistics through netlink(EXPERIMENTAL) //通过网络导出任务和进程的统计信息(实验性的)
  []Auditing support                   //审记支持，用于和内核的某些子模块同时工作
  <*>Kernel .config support                //将.config配置信息保存在内核中，选上它及它的子项使得其它用户能从/proc中得到内核的配置
    ->[*]Enable access to .config through /proc/config.gz //允许通过/proc/config.gz存取.config
  [14]Kernel log buffer size (16=>64KB,17=>128KB)     //kernel日志缓冲区长度
  []Create deprecated sysfs files             //建立过时的sysfs文件系统（虽然写着过时然而许多版本仍然有编译)
  []Kernel->user space relay support(formerly relayfs)  //relayfs支持,内核空间到用户空间高效数据传输系统支持
  [*]Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk(initramfs/initrd) support //初始化initramfs和ram disk的支持，initramfs相对独立，嵌入式开发选用
    ->()Initramfs source file(s)             //此处可以填入你根文件系统中的initramfs目录
  [*]Configure standard kernel features(for small systems) --->//为小系统配置标准的内核特性
    ->---Configure standard kernel features(for small systems)//給嵌入式系統使用的
      [*]Enable 16-bit UID system calls            //允许16-bit的UID系统调用
      [*]Sysctl syscall support             //不需要重启就能修改内核的某些参数和变量,如果你也选择了支持/proc,将能从/proc/sys存取可以影响内核行为的参数或变量
      [*]Load all symbols for debugging/ksymoops     //为调试加载所有符号(可不选择)
      []Do an extra kallsyms pass            //除非你在kallsyms中发现了bug并需要报告这个bug才打开该选项
      [*]Support for hot-pluggable devices        //支持热插拔设备,如usb与pc卡等,Udev也需要它
      []Enable support for printk            //允许内核向终端打印字符信息,在需要诊断内核为什么不能运行时选择
      []Bug() support                  //显示故障和失败条件(BUG和WARN),禁用它将可能导致隐含的错误被忽略
      []Enable ELF core dumps              //内存转储支持,可以帮助调试ELF格式的程序
      []Full panic reporting data            //所有不安全数据报告
      []Enable full-sized data structures for core    //在内核中使用全尺寸的数据结构.禁用它将使得某些内核的数据结构减小,节省内存但是将可能降低性能
      []Enable various size reductions for networking  //允许为网络缩减长度
      []Enable INET peer information storage       //设置网络访问限制信息存储
      [*]Enable network socket filter           //允许网络套接字过滤
      [*]Enable ethtool support             //允许ethtool支持
      [*]Enable futex support              //支持同步机制互斥
   []Enable eventpoll support               //允许事件池支持
   [*]Enable signalfd() system call            //启用signalfd()事件的文件描述符系统调用
   [*]Enable eventfd() system call             //启用eventfd()事件的文件描述符系统调用
   [*]Use full shmem filesystem              //完全使用shmem来代替ramfs.shmem是基于共享内存的文件系统(可能用到swap),在启用TMPFS后可以挂载为tmpfs供用户空间使用,它比简单的ramfs先进许多
   []Calulate CRC32 with tables              //使用table表计算CRC32
   []Enable VM event counters for /proc/vmstat             //为/proc/vmstat使用VM事件计数器
   Choose SLAB allocator(SLAB)--->             //选择SLAB分佩符，优化内存
     ->(X)SLAB                      //默认分配符
      ()SLUB(Unqueued Allocator)            //非队列分配符
      ()SLOB(Simple Allocator)             //简单分配符
   [*]Disable immediate values(NEW)            //immediate values提供动态代码补丁方式
[*]Enable loadable module support--->            //允许可加载的模块支持
  ---Enable loadable module support
  [*]module unloading                   //模块卸载
  []module visioning support               //模块版本支持
  []Source checksum for all modules            //对所有模块进行源代码检测
  [*]Automatic kernel module loading           //内核自动加载模块
  []Enable ELF hash support for fast loading       //为快速加载允许ELF哈希支持
[*]Enable the block layer--->                //允许块设备
  ---Enable the block layer
  []Support for large Block devices            //对大型块设备的支持(2TB或以上)
  []Support for tracing block io actions         //对块设备进行跟踪
  []Support for large signal files            //大文件支持
  IO Schedulers --->                   //磁盘I/O调度器
     <*>Anticipatory I/O Scheduler           //抢占式I/O调度方式
     <*>Deadline I/O scheduler             //期限式I/O调度方式
     <*>CFQ I/O scheduler                //CFQ I/O调度方式  均分带宽
       Defaule I/O scheduler(Anticipatory) --->    //默认I/O调度器
Processor type and features --->              //处理器类型及特性
  []Tickless System (Dynamic Ticks)            //微标记系统
  []High Resolution Timer Support             //高频率时钟支持
  []Symmetric multi-processing support(NEW)        //对称多处理器支持
    Subarchitecture Type (PC-compatible)--->       //子构架类型   标准PC或兼容机
  [*]Single-depth WCHAN output(NEW)            //单精度WCHAN输出  系统调用等待时的地址
    Processor family (Pentium-Pro) --->          //处理器类型
  []Generic X86 support                  //通用X86支持
  []HPET Timer Support(NEW)                //高精度事件时钟支持  
   Preemption Model (Preemptible Kernel (Low-Latency Desktop))  --->  //抢先式模块(低延迟桌面)
  [*]Preempt the Big kernel lock             //抢先式大内核锁  选项通过让大内核锁变成“可抢先”来降低延迟
  []Local APIC support on uniprocessors          //对特定处理器的本地APIC(高级可编程中断控制器)支持
  []Machine check exception                //机器例外检查
  [*]Enable VM86 Support                 //虚拟X86支持,在DOSEMU下运行16-bit程序或XFree86通过BIOS初始化某些显卡的时候才需要
  <>Toshiba Laptop support                 //东芝笔记本支持
  <>Dell Laptop support                  //戴尔笔记本支持
  []Enable X86 board specific fixups for reboot      //X86版的重启修复功能
  <>/dev/cpu/microcode - Intel IA32 CPU microcode support //Intel IA32架构CPU支持
  <>/dev/cpu/*/msr - Model-specific register support   //是否打开CPU特殊功能寄存器
  <>/dev/cpu/*/cpuid - CPU infomation support       //记录CPU相关信息
   Firmware Drivers --->                 //固件驱动
     <>BIOS Enhanced disk Drive calls determine boot disk //BIOS加强磁盘功能，确定启动盘
     <>BIOS update support for Dell systems via sysfs    //DELL机器的BIOS升级支持
     <>Dell systems Management Base Driver       //Dell系统管理器的基本驱动
     [*]Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace //通过sysfs输出DMI认证到用户空间
   High Memory Support(4GB) 
  []Big Physical Area version 2               //支持大物理地址
  []Allocate 3rd-level pagetables from highmem       //允许用户空间页表载入内存
  []Math emulation                     //数学仿真
  []MTRR(memory type range register)support         //内存类型区域寄存器支持
  [*]Enabele seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode  //允许SECCOMP(快速计算)安全的运算非信任代码
   Timer frequency(250 Hz)                 //时钟频率
  []Kexec system call                     //kexec系统调用(内核重启)
  (0x100000)Physical address where the kernel is loaded   //kernel被加载的物理地址
  (0x100000)Alignment value to which kernel should be aligned //kernel 启动校准值
  [*]Compat VDSO support                   //兼容的虚拟动态共享对象 
Power management options(ACPI,APM)--->
  []Power management support                 //电源管理支持
   CPU Frequency scaling --->                //
     []CPU Frequency scaling                //CPU变频控制
Bus options (PCI,PCMCIA,EISA,MCA,ISA)--->            //总线选项
  []PCI support                        //PCI总线支持
  []ISA support                        //ISA总线支持
  []MCA support                        //MCA支持(已淘汰)
  <>NatSemi SCx200 support                   //对AMD geode的基本支持
   PCCARD(PCMCIA/CardBus)Support --->            //支持16位PCMCIA和32位的CardBus
     <>PCCARD(PCMCIA/CardBus)Support
Executable file formats --->                  //可执行文件格式
  []kernel support for ELF binaries              //ELF支持(可执行可链接，用于调试)
  <>kernel support for a.out and ECOFF binaries        //对a.out和ECOFF二进制文件的支持
  <>kernel support for MISC binaries             //内核对MISC二进制文件的支持
Networking --->
  [*]Networking support                    //网络支持
   Networking options --->                  //网络选项
     <*>Packet socket                    //包套接字接口
     []Packet socket:mmapped IO               //包套接字接口:mmapped IO
     <*>Unix domain sockets                 //Unix域套接字
     <>PF KEY socket                    //PF_KEY套接字
     [*]TCP/IP networking                  //TCP/IP网络
     []IP:multicasting                   //IP广播协议
     []IP:advanced router                  //高级路由
     []IP:kernel level autoconfiguration          //IP:内核级别自动配置
     [] IP:DHCP support                   //IP:DHCP支持，启动时挂载NFS需要 
     [] IP:BOOTP support                  //启动时挂载启动机子上的启动文件  
     [] IP:RARP support                   //RARP支持，此项和DHCP需要网络中相应服务器支持
     <>IP:tunneling                     //隧道传输   
     <>ip:GRE tunnels over IP                //GRE广播
     []IP:TCP syncookie support(disabled per default)    //TCP cookie同步支持(默认关闭)
     <>IP:AH transformation                 //AH转换
     <>IP:ESP transformation                //ESP转换
     <>IP:IPComp transformation               //IPCOMP转换
     <>IP:IPsec transport mode               //IPsec传输模式
     <>IP:IPsec tunnel mode                 //IPSEC隧道模式
     <>IP:IPsec BEET mode                  //IPSEC BEET模式
     <>INET:socket monitoring interface           //套接字监控界面
     []TCP:advanced congestion control --->         //TCP高级拥挤控制
     <>The IPv6 protocol                  //ipv6协议
     []Security Marking                   //网络套接字安全标志
     []Network packet filtering framework(Netfilter)--->  //网络包过滤框架
     <>802.1d Ethernet Bridging               //802.1d 网络桥接
     <>802.1Q VLAN support                 //虚拟局域网支持
     <>DECnet Support                    //DEC网络支持
     <>ANSI/IEEE 802.2 LLC type 2 support          //ANSI/IEEE 802.2 LLC type 2支持
     <>The IPX protocol                   //IPX协议
     <>Appletalk protocol support              //Appletalk协议支持
       Qos and/or fair queueing--->            //Qos平衡队列
       Network testing--->                 //网络测试
  []Amateur Radio support --->                //业余广播支持
  <>IrDA(infrared)subsystem support--->            //红外子系统支持
  <>Bluetooth subsystem support--->              //蓝牙子系统支持
   wireless--->                       //无线支持 
  <>RF switch subsystem support--->              //RF转换子系统支持                  
Device Driver  --->                       //设备驱动
  Generic Driver options --->                 //通用驱动选项
      [*]Prevent firmware from being built          //阻止编译固件
      <>Userspace firmware loading support          //用户空间固件装载支持
      <>Connector -unified userspace <-> kernelspace linker --> //连接器——用户空间<->内核空间统一连接
      <*>Memory Technology Device(MTD)support--->      //内存技术设备支持
        ---Memory Technology Device(MTD)support
        []Debugging                     //为MTD子系统打开底层调试
        <>MTD concatenating support             //MTD并置支持 jffs2多重物理内存
        [*]MTD partitioning support             //MTD分区支持
        <>RedBoot partition table parsing          //RedBoot分区表分析
        [*]Command line partition table parsing             //命令行分区表分析
        ---User Modules and Translation layers       //用户模块和转换层
        <*>Direct char device access to MTD devices     //用户直接存取字符到MTD设备
      ---common interface to block layer for MTD devices //为块MTD设备提供公共接口
      <*>Caching block device access to MTD devices    //为MTD块设备创建缓存 
      <>FTL(flash translation layer)support        //flash传输层支持   PCMCIA
      <>NFTL(NAND Flash Translation layer)support     //Nand flash传输层支持  M-Systems' DiskOnChip devices
      <>INFTL(Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer)support //反NAND flash传输层支持
      <>Resident Flash Disk(Flash Translation layer)Support //RFD支持
      <>NAND SSFDC(SmartMedia)Read only translation layer  //Nand SSFDC只读传输层
       RAM/ROM/Flash chip drivers --->             //RAM/ROM/Flash片上驱动
         <*>Detect flash chips by Common Flash Interface(CFI)probe //通过CFI查找flash芯片
         <*>Detect non-CFI AMD/JEDEC-compatible flash chips  //查找非CFI的AMD/联合电子的兼容flash芯片
         []Flash chip driver advanced configuration options  //flash芯片驱动高级配置选项
         <*>support for INTEL/Sharp flash chips       //支持intel/sharp的flash芯片
         <*>support for amd/fujitsu flash chips       //支持amd/fujitsu的flash芯片
         <*>support for st(advanced architecture) flash chips //支持st的flash芯片
         <>support for RAM chips in bus mapping        //支持RAM芯片总线映射
         <>support for ROM chips in bus mapping         //支持ROM芯片总线映射
         <>Support for absent chips in  bus mapping      //支持其他芯片总线映射
       Mapping drivers for chip access --->           //为片上存取映射驱动
         []Support non-linear mappings of flash chips     //支持flash片上非线性映射
         <*>CFI Flash device in physical memory map      //CFI flash设备的物理内存映射
         (0x00000000)Physical start address of flash mapping  //flash映射的物理起始地址
         (0x0)Physical length of flash mapping         //flash映射物理长度
         (0)Bank width in octets                //bank宽度设置(8bit的倍数，ex:4,表示32位)
         <>CFI Flash device mapped on Photron PNC-2000     //Photron PNC-2000上的CFI flash设备映射
         <>CFI Flash device mapped on AMD NetSc520       //AMD NetSc520上的CFI flash映射
         <>CFI Flash device mapped on Technologic System TS-5500 //echnologic System TS-5500上的CFI flash设备映射
         <>BIOS flash chip on AMD76x southbridge        //AMD76x南桥BIOS flash芯片
         <>BIOS flash chip on Intel Controller Hub 2/3/4/5   //intel控制器BIOS flash
         <>BIOS flash chip on Intel SCB2 boards        //Intel SCB2板上BIOS flash
         <>CFI flash device on SnapGear/SecureEdge       //SnapGear/SecureEdge上的CFI flash设备
         <>BIOS flash chip on Intel L440GX boards       //intel L440GX板上的BIOS flash芯片
         <>Map driver for platform device ram(mtd-ram)     //平台设备的驱动映射
       Self-contained MTD device drivers--->           //独立的MTD设备驱动
         <>Uncached system RAM                 //系统RAM不缓存
         <>Physical system RAM                 //物理系统RAM
         <>Test driver using RAM                //使用RAM测试驱动
         <>MTD using block device               //使用块设备MTD
         ---Disk-On-Chip Device Drivers            //片上磁盘设备驱动
         <>M-System Disk-on chip device 2000 and Millennium(DEPRECATED) //(不赞成)
         <>M-system disk-on-chip millennium-only alternative driver(DEPRECATED)//
         <>M-System Disk-On-Chip Millennium Plus        //
         <*>Nand Device Support --->              //Nand设备支持
            ---NAND Device Support
            []Verify NAND page writes            //验证NAND页写入
            []NAND ECC Smart Media byte order        //NAND ECC智能设备字节序
            []Enable chip ids for obsolete ancient NAND devices //允许老式NAND设备接口
            <>NAND support for CS5535/CS5536(AMD Geode companion chip)
            <>support for NAND Flash SImulator       //支持NAND flash模拟器
            <*>support for generic platform NAND driver   //支持基本平台的NAND驱动
            <>STMicroelectronics:EMI 'bit-banging'     //ST的位坼开
            <>STMicroelectronics:H/W FLEX Controller    //ST 高宽伸缩控制器
         <>oneNAND Device Support--->             //单独NAND设备支持
          UBI-Unsorted block images--->            //未排序的块镜像
            <>Enable UBI
     <>Parallel port support--->                   //并口支持
     <*>Block devices--->                      //块设备
        ---Block devices
        <>Normal floppy disk support                //普通软盘支持
        <>Loopback device support                  //回送设备支持
        <>Network block device support               //网络块设备支持
        <>RAM disk support                     //RAM块设备支持
        (16)Default number of RAM disks               //默认RAM磁盘数量
        (4096)Default RAM disk size(kbytes)             //默认RAM磁盘尺寸
        (1024)Default RAM disk block size(bytes)          //默认RAM磁盘块长
        <*>Packet writing on CD/DVD media              //CD/DCD媒体包写入 
        (8)Free buffers for data gathering             //数据自由区 
        <>ATA over Ethernet support                 //以太网ATA支持
    []Misc devices --->                       //杂项设备 EEPROM 93cx6支持
    <>ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support--->                 //ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL支持
     SCSI device support --->                   //SCSI设备支持
    <>Serial ATA(prod)and Parallel ATA(experimental) drivers--->  //stat和pata驱动
    []Multiple devices driver support(RAID and LVM)--->       //多设备支持(RAID,LVM)
    []Macintosh device drivers --->                 //苹果公司的设备支持
    [*]Network device support --->                 //网络设备支持
      ---Network device support
      []Netdevice multiple hardware queue support
      <>Dummy net driver support
      <>Bonding driver support
      <>EQL (serial line load balancing)support
      <>Universal TUN/TAP device driver support
      [*]Configure network hardware from the command line     //从命令行配置网络硬件
      <*>PHY Device support and infrastructure--->        //公共物理设备支持
         <*>Driver for Micrel PHYs               //Micrel物理设备驱动
      [*]Ethernet(10 or 100Mbit)--->               //100M自适应网卡
         <*>Generic Media Independent Interface device support //基本独立媒体接口设备支持
      [*]Ethernet(1000 Mbit)--->                 //千兆网卡
      []Ethernet(10000 Mbit)--->
        Wireless LAN--->
      []Wan interfaces support--->
      <>PPP support
      <>SLIP(serial line)support
    <>ISDN support                         //综合业务数字网支持 
    <>Telephony support --->                    //电话支持
     Input device support--->                   //输入设备支持
      <*>Mouse interface                     //鼠标接口
      [*]Provide legacy /dev/psaux device             //提供传统的/dev/psaux设备
      (1024)Horizontal screen resolution             //水平屏幕分辨率
      (768)Vertical screen resolution               //垂直屏幕分辨率
      <*>Event interface                     //事件接口
      [*]Miscellaneous devices --->                //多种设备
         <*>TM1668 LED/Keyboard controller           //TM1668 LED/键盘控制器
       Hardware I/O ports --->                  //硬件I/O端口
         <*>Serial I/O support                 //串行I/O支持
         <*>Serial port line discipline            //串口规则
         <*>PS/2 driver library                //PS/2驱动库
     Character devices --->                    //字符设备
      [*]Virtual terminal                     //虚拟终端
      [*]Unix98 PTY support                    //PTY
      <*>Hardware Random Number Generator Core support      //硬件随机数生成器支持
      <*>VIA HW Random number generator support          //VIA硬件随机数生成器支持
    <*>I2C support-->                        //I2C总线支持
      <*>I2C device interface                   //I2C设备接口 
       I2C Algorithms --->                    //I2C算法
         <*>I2C bit-banging interfaces             //I2C位操作 
     SPI support--->                        //SPI支持
     Graphics support--->                     //图形支持
       <*>Lowlevel video output switch controls          //低等级视频输出开关控制
       <*>Support for frame buffer devices            //支持frame buffer设备
       <*>Enable Software Drawing Helpers             //允许软件绘画帮助
     Sound --->
      <*>Sound card support
      <*>Advanced Linux Sound Architecture            //高级linux声音架构
      <*>Sequencer support                    //定时器支持
      <*>OSS Mixer API                      //OSS混频器API
      <*>OSS PCM(digital audio)API                //OSS 音频API
      [*]OSS PCM(digital audio)API -Include plugin system     //OSS pcm 包括插件系统
      [*]Dynamic device file minor numbers            //动态副设备文件号
      [*]Support old ALSA API                   //
      [*]Verbose procfs contents                 //冗长的进程文件内容
      <*>ALSA for SoC audio support                //SOC音频支持
        SoC Audio support for SuperH              //SOC为SH音频支持
    [*]HID Devices --->                        //
      <*>Generic HID support                   //基本的HID支持
      [*]USB support --->                     //USB支持
      <*>LED Support --->                     //LED支持
        <*>LED Class Support                  //LED 类支持
        [*]LED Trigger support                 //LED触发器支持
        <*>LED Heartbeat Trigger                //LED跳动触发器
      [*]Virtualization --->                   //虚拟化  
File Systems --->                            //文件系统
  <*>JFS filesystem support
  <*>ROM file system support
    Pseudo filesystems --->                     //虚拟文件系统
      [*]/proc file system support                //进程文件支持
      [*]/proc/kcore support                   //
      [*]sysctl support(/proc/sys)
      [*]sysfs file system support
    Network File systems --->                    //网络文件系统
      <*>NFS file system support                 //NFS文件系统支持
      [*]Provide NFSv3 client support               //提供NFSv3客户端支持
      [*]Root file system on NFS                 //NFS根文件启动
    Native Language Support --->                  //本地语言支持
    Kernel hacking --->                       //内核调试
      [*]Enable __must check logic                //允许__must_check逻辑
      [*]Enable doublefault exception handler           //允许双误表达式句柄