Hadoop2.3、 Hbase0.98、 Hive0.13架构中Hive的安装部署配置以及数据测试

 

简介：

Hive是基于Hadoop的一个数据仓库工具，可以将结构化的数据文件映射为一张数据库表，并提供简单的sql查询功能，可以将sql语句转换为MapReduce任务进行运行。 其优点是学习成本低，可以通过类SQL语句快速实现简单的MapReduce统计，不必开发专门的MapReduce应用，十分适合数据仓库的统计分析。

 

1， 适用场景

Hive 构建在基于静态批处理的Hadoop 之上，Hadoop 通常都有较高的延迟并且在作业提交和调度的时候需要大量的开销。因此，Hive 并不能够在大规模数据集上实现低延迟快速的查询，例如，Hive 在几百MB 的数据集上执行查询一般有分钟级的时间延迟。因此，

Hive 并不适合那些需要低延迟的应用，例如，联机事务处理（OLTP）。Hive 查询操作过程严格遵守Hadoop MapReduce 的作业执行模型，Hive 将用户的HiveQL语句通过解释器转换为MapReduce 作业提交到Hadoop 集群上，Hadoop 监控作业执行过程，然后返回作业执行结果给用户。Hive 并非为联机事务处理而设计，Hive 并不提供实时的查询和基于行级的数据更新操作。Hive 的最佳使用场合是大数据集的批处理作业，例如，网络日志分析。

 

2，下载安装
前期hadoop安装准备，参考：http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1257609/

下载地址

wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hive/hive-0.13.1/apache-hive-0.13.1-bin.tar.gz

解压安装

tar zxvf apache-hive-0.13.1-bin.tar.gz  -C /home/hadoop/src/

PS：Hive只需要在一个节点上安装即可，本例安装在name节点上面的虚拟机上面，与hadoop的name节点复用一台虚拟机器。

 

 

3，配置hive环境变量

vim hive-env.sh

export HIVE_HOME=/home/hadoop/src/hive-0.13.1

export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

 

4，配置hadoop以及hbase参数

vim hive-env.sh

# Set HADOOP_HOME to point to a specific hadoop install directory

HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/src/hadoop-2.3.0/

 

# Hive Configuration Directory can be controlled by:

export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/home/hadoop/src/hive-0.13.1/conf

 

# Folder containing extra ibraries required for hive compilation/execution can be controlled by:

export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=/home/hadoop/src/hive-0.13.1/lib

 

5，验证安装：

启动hive命令行模式，出现hive，说明安装成功了

[hadoop@name01 lib]$ hive --service cli

15/01/09 00:20:32 WARN conf.HiveConf: DEPRECATED: hive.metastore.ds.retry.* no longer has any effect.  Use hive.hmshandler.retry.* instead

 

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/src/hive-0.13.1/lib/hive-common-0.13.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties

创建表，执行create命令，出现OK，说明命令执行成功，也说明hive安装成功。

hive> create table test(key string);

OK

Time taken: 8.749 seconds

hive>

 

6，验证可用性

启动hive

[hadoop@name01 root]$hive --service metastore &

查看后台hive运行进程

[hadoop@name01 root]$ ps -eaf|grep hive

hadoop    4025  2460  1 22:52 pts/0    00:00:19 /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/java -Xmx256m -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dhadoop.log.dir=/home/hadoop/src/hadoop-2.3.0/logs -Dhadoop.log.file=hadoop.log -Dhadoop.home.dir=/home/hadoop/src/hadoop-2.3.0 -Dhadoop.id.str=hadoop -Dhadoop.root.logger=INFO,console -Djava.library.path=/home/hadoop/src/hadoop-2.3.0/lib/native -Dhadoop.policy.file=hadoop-policy.xml -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Xmx512m -Dhadoop.security.logger=INFO,NullAppender org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar /home/hadoop/src/hive-0.13.1/lib/hive-service-0.13.1.jar org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore

hadoop    4575  4547  0 23:14 pts/1    00:00:00 grep hive

[hadoop@name01 root]$

 

6.1在hive下执行命令，创建2个字段的表，字段间隔用’,’隔开：

hive> create table test(key string);

OK

Time taken: 8.749 seconds

hive> create table tim_test(id int,name string) row format delimited fields terminated by ',';

OK

Time taken: 0.145 seconds

hive>

 

6.2准备导入到数据库的txt文件，并输入值：

[hadoop@name01 hive-0.13.1]$ more tim_hive_test.txt

123,xinhua

456,dingxilu

789,fanyulu

903,fahuazhengroad

[hadoop@name01 hive-0.13.1]$

 

6.4 再打开一个xshell端口，进入服务器端启动hive：

[hadoop@name01 root]$ hive --service metastore

Starting Hive Metastore Server

 

6.5 再打开一个xshell端口，进入hive客户端录入数据：

[hadoop@name01 hive-0.13.1]$ hive

 

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/src/hive-0.13.1/lib/hive-common-0.13.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties

hive> load data local inpath  '/home/hadoop/src/hive-0.13.1/tim_hive_test.txt'   into table tim_test;

Copying data from file:/home/hadoop/src/hive-0.13.1/tim_hive_test.txt

Copying file: file:/home/hadoop/src/hive-0.13.1/tim_hive_test.txt

Loading data to table default.tim_test

[Warning] could not update stats.

OK

Time taken: 7.208 seconds

hive>

6.6 验证录入数据是否成功，看到dfs出来有tim_test

hive> dfs -ls /home/hadoop/hive/warehouse;

Found 2 items

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2015-01-12 01:47 /home/hadoop/hive/warehouse/hive_hbase_mapping_table_1

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2015-01-12 02:11 /home/hadoop/hive/warehouse/tim_test

hive>

 

7，安装部署中的报错记录：
报错1：

[hadoop@name01 conf]$ hive --service metastore

Starting Hive Metastore Server

javax.jdo.JDOFatalInternalException: Error creating transactional connection factory

Caused by: org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusException: Attempt to invoke the "BONECP" plugin to create a ConnectionPool gave an error : The specified datastore driver ("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver") was not found in the CLASSPATH. Please check your CLASSPATH specification, and the name of the driver.

 

缺少mysql的jar包，copy到hive的lib目录下面，OK。

 

报错2：

[hadoop@name01 conf]$ hive --service metastore

Starting Hive Metastore Server

javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Unable to open a test connection to the given database. JDBC url = jdbc:mysql://192.168.52.130:3306/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true, username = root. Terminating connection pool (set lazyInit to true if you expect to start your database after your app). Original Exception: ------

java.sql.SQLException: null,  message from server: "Host '192.168.52.128' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server"

 

将hadoop用户添加到mysql组：

[root@data02 mysql]# gpasswd -a hadoop mysql

Adding user hadoop to group mysql

[root@data02 mysql]#

^C[hadoop@name01 conf]$ telnet 192.168.52.130 3306

Trying 192.168.52.130...

Connected to 192.168.52.130.

Escape character is '^]'.

G

Host '192.168.52.128' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL serverConnection closed by foreign host.

[hadoop@name01 conf]$

解决办法：修改mysql账号

mysql> update user set user = 'hadoop' where user = 'root' and host='%';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

 

mysql>

 

报错3：

[hadoop@name01 conf]$ hive --service metastore

Starting Hive Metastore Server

javax.jdo.JDOException: Exception thrown calling table.exists() for hive_remote.`SEQUENCE_TABLE`

         at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.NucleusJDOHelper.getJDOExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJDOHelper.java:596)

         at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.jdoMakePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:732)

         at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.makePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:752)

……

NestedThrowablesStackTrace:

com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes

         at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)

         at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)

         at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)

 

解决，去远程mysql库上修改字符集从utf8mb4修改成utf8

mysql> alter database hive_remote /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

 

mysql>

 

然后在data01上面配置hive client端

scp -r hive-0.13.1/ data01:/home/hadoop/src/

 

报错3：

继续启动，查看日志信息：

[hadoop@name01 conf]$ hive --service metastore

Starting Hive Metastore Server

卡在这里不动，去看日志信息

[hadoop@name01 hadoop]$ tail -f hive.log

2015-01-09 03:46:27,692 INFO  [main]: metastore.ObjectStore (ObjectStore.java:setConf(229)) - Initialized ObjectStore

2015-01-09 03:46:27,892 WARN  [main]: metastore.ObjectStore (ObjectStore.java:checkSchema(6295)) - Version information not found in metastore. hive.metastore.schema.verification is not enabled so recording the schema version 0.13.0

2015-01-09 03:46:30,574 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:createDefaultRoles(551)) - Added admin role in metastore

2015-01-09 03:46:30,582 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:createDefaultRoles(560)) - Added public role in metastore

2015-01-09 03:46:31,168 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:addAdminUsers(588)) - No user is added in admin role, since config is empty

2015-01-09 03:46:31,473 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5178)) - Starting DB backed MetaStore Server

2015-01-09 03:46:31,481 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5190)) - Started the new metaserver on port [9083]...

2015-01-09 03:46:31,481 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5192)) - Options.minWorkerThreads = 200

2015-01-09 03:46:31,482 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5194)) - Options.maxWorkerThreads = 100000

2015-01-09 03:46:31,482 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5196)) - TCP keepalive = true

 

在hive-site.xml上添加如下：

<property>

   <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>

      <value>thrift://192.168.52.128:9083</value>

      </property>

 

报错4：

2015-01-09 04:01:43,053 INFO  [main]: metastore.ObjectStore (ObjectStore.java:setConf(229)) - Initialized ObjectStore

2015-01-09 04:01:43,540 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:createDefaultRoles(551)) - Added admin role in metastore

2015-01-09 04:01:43,546 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:createDefaultRoles(560)) - Added public role in metastore

2015-01-09 04:01:43,684 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:addAdminUsers(588)) - No user is added in admin role, since config is empty

2015-01-09 04:01:44,041 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5178)) - Starting DB backed MetaStore Server

2015-01-09 04:01:44,054 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5190)) - Started the new metaserver on port [9083]...

2015-01-09 04:01:44,054 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5192)) - Options.minWorkerThreads = 200

2015-01-09 04:01:44,054 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5194)) - Options.maxWorkerThreads = 100000

2015-01-09 04:01:44,054 INFO  [main]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:startMetaStore(5196)) - TCP keepalive = true

2015-01-09 04:24:13,917 INFO  [Thread-3]: metastore.HiveMetaStore (HiveMetaStore.java:run(5073)) - Shutting down hive metastore.

 

解决：

查了好久，No user is added in admin role, since config is empty没有查到问题所在，碰到此类情况的一起交流下，欢迎留言。

 

 

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<版权所有，文章允许转载，但必须以链接方式注明源地址，否则追究法律责任!>
原博客地址：     http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1400379/
原作者：黄杉 (mchdba)
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