转自:http://www.uml.org.cn/mobiledev/201211221.asp
今天,我着重讲解下如下三个内容:
希望对大家能有帮助。- - 分析版本基于Android 2.3 。
1、WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT
初入Android殿堂的同学们,对这三个属性一定又爱又恨。爱的是使用起来挺爽地---照葫芦画瓢即可,恨的
却是时常混淆这几个属性地意义,需要三思而后行。在带着大家重温下这几个属性的用法吧(希望我没有啰嗦)。
这三个属性都用来适应视图的水平或垂直大小,一个以视图的内容或尺寸为基础的布局比精确地指定视图范围
更加方便。
① fill_parent
设置一个视图的布局为fill_parent将强制性地使视图扩展至父元素大小。
② match_parent
Android 中match_parent和fill_parent意思一样,但match_parent更贴切,于是从2.2开始两个词都可以
用,但2.3版本后建议使用match_parent。
③ wrap_content
自适应大小,强制性地使视图扩展以便显示其全部内容。以TextView和ImageView控件为例,设置为
wrap_content将完整显示其内部的文本和图像。布局元素将根据内容更改大小。
可不要重复造轮子,以上摘自<<Android fill_parent、wrap_content和match_parent的区别>>。
当然,我们可以设置View的确切宽高,而不是由以上属性指定。
01.android:layout_weight="wrap_content" //自适应大小 02.android:layout_weight="match_parent" //与父视图等高 03.android:layout_weight="fill_parent" //与父视图等高 04.android:layout_weight="100dip" //精确设置高度值为 100dip |
接下来,我们需要转换下视角,看看ViewGroup.LayoutParams类及其派生类。
2、ViewGroup.LayoutParams类及其派生类
2.1、 ViewGroup.LayoutParams类说明
Android API中如下介绍:
LayoutParams are used by views to tell their parents how they want to be laid out.
意思大概是说: View通过LayoutParams类告诉其父视图它想要地大小(即,长度和宽度)。
因此,每个View都包含一个ViewGroup.LayoutParams类或者其派生类,View类依赖于ViewGroup.LayoutParams。
路径:frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\View.java
01.public class View implements Drawable.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback, AccessibilityEventSource { 02. ... 03. /** 04. * The layout parameters associated with this view and used by the parent 05. * {@link android.view.ViewGroup} to determine how this view should be 06. * laid out. 07. * {@hide} 08. */ 09. //该View拥有的 LayoutParams属性,父试图添加该View时,会为其赋值,特别注意,其类型为ViewGroup.LayoutParams。 10. protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams mLayoutParams; 11. ... 12.} |
2.2、 ViewGroup.LayoutParams源码分析
路径位于:frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\ViewGroup.java
01.public abstract class ViewGroup extends View implements ViewParent, ViewManager { 02. ... 03. public static class LayoutParams { 04. /** 05. * Special value for the height or width requested by a View. 06. * FILL_PARENT means that the view wants to be as big as its parent, 07. * minus the parent's padding, if any. This value is deprecated 08. * starting in API Level 8 and replaced by {@link #MATCH_PARENT}. 09. */ 10. @Deprecated 11. public static final int FILL_PARENT = -1; // 注意值为-1,Android2.2版本不建议使用 12. /** 13. * Special value for the height or width requested by a View. 14. * MATCH_PARENT means that the view wants to be as big as its parent, 15. * minus the parent's padding, if any. Introduced in API Level 8. 16. */ 17. public static final int MATCH_PARENT = -1; // 注意值为-1 18. /** 19. * Special value for the height or width requested by a View. 20. * WRAP_CONTENT means that the view wants to be just large enough to fit 21. * its own internal content, taking its own padding into account. 22. */ 23. public static final int WRAP_CONTENT = -2; // 注意值为-2 24. /** 25. * Information about how wide the view wants to be. Can be one of the 26. * constants FILL_PARENT (replaced by MATCH_PARENT , 27. * in API Level 8) or WRAP_CONTENT. or an exact size. 28. */ 29. public int width; //该View的宽度,可以为WRAP_CONTENT/MATCH_PARENT 或者一个具体值 30. /** 31. * Information about how tall the view wants to be. Can be one of the 32. * constants FILL_PARENT (replaced by MATCH_PARENT , 33. * in API Level 8) or WRAP_CONTENT. or an exact size. 34. */ 35. public int height; //该View的高度,可以为WRAP_CONTENT/MATCH_PARENT 或者一个具体值 36. /** 37. * Used to animate layouts. 38. */ 39. public LayoutAnimationController.AnimationParameters layoutAnimationParameters; 40. /** 41. * Creates a new set of layout parameters. The values are extracted from 42. * the supplied attributes set and context. The XML attributes mapped 43. * to this set of layout parameters are:、 44. */ 45. public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) { 46. TypedArray a = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout); 47. setBaseAttributes(a, 48. R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_width, 49. R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_height); 50. a.recycle(); 51. } 52. 53. /** 54. * Creates a new set of layout parameters with the specified width 55. * and height. 56. */ 57. public LayoutParams(int width, int height) { 58. this.width = width; 59. this.height = height; 60. } 61. /** 62. * Copy constructor. Clones the width and height values of the source. 63. * 64. * @param source The layout params to copy from. 65. */ 66. public LayoutParams(LayoutParams source) { 67. this.width = source.width; 68. this.height = source.height; 69. } 70. /** 71. * Used internally by MarginLayoutParams. 72. * @hide 73. */ 74. LayoutParams() { 75. } 76. /** 77. * Extracts the layout parameters from the supplied attributes. 78. * 79. * @param a the style attributes to extract the parameters from 80. * @param widthAttr the identifier of the width attribute 81. * @param heightAttr the identifier of the height attribute 82. */ 83. protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) { 84. width = a.getLayoutDimension(widthAttr, "layout_width"); 85. height = a.getLayoutDimension(heightAttr, "layout_height"); 86. } 87.} |
我们发现FILL_PARENT/MATCH_PARENT值为 -1 ,WRAP_CONETENT值为-2,是不是有点诧异? 将值
设置为负值的目的是为了区别View的具体值(an exact size) 总是大于0的。
ViewGroup子类可以实现自定义LayoutParams,自定义LayoutParams提供了更好地扩展性,例如LinearLayout
就有LinearLayout. LayoutParams自定义类(见下文)。整个LayoutParams类家族还是挺复杂的。
ViewGroup.LayoutParams及其常用派生类的类图(部分类图)如下:
该类图是在太庞大了,大家有兴趣的去看看Android API吧。
前面我们说过,每个View都包含一个ViewGroup.LayoutParams类或者其派生类,下面我们的疑问是Android框架
中时如何为View设置其LayoutParams属性的。
有两种方法会设置View的LayoutParams属性:
1、 直接添加子View时,常见于如下几种方法:ViewGroup.java
01.//Adds a child view. 02.void addView(View child, int index) 03.//Adds a child view with this ViewGroup's default layout parameters 04.//and the specified width and height. 05.void addView(View child, int width, int height) 06.//Adds a child view with the specified layout parameters. 07.void addView(View child, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) |
三个重载方法的区别只是添加View时构造LayoutParams对象的方式不同而已,稍后我们探寻一下它们的源码。
2、 通过xml布局文件指定某个View的属性为:android:layout_heigth=””以及android:layout_weight=”” 时。
总的来说,这两种方式都会设定View的LayoutParams属性值----指定的或者Default值。
方式1流程分析:
直接添加子View时,比较容易理解,我们先来看看这种方式设置LayoutParams的过程:
路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\ViewGroup.java
01.public abstract class ViewGroup extends View implements ViewParent, ViewManager { 02. ... 03. /** 04. * Adds a child view. If no layout parameters are already set on the child, the 05. * default parameters for this ViewGroup are set on the child. 06. * 07. * @param child the child view to add 08. * 09. * @see #generateDefaultLayoutParams() 10. */ 11. public void addView(View child) { 12. addView(child, -1); 13. } 14. /** 15. * Adds a child view. If no layout parameters are already set on the child, the 16. * default parameters for this ViewGroup are set on the child. 17. * 18. * @param child the child view to add 19. * @param index the position at which to add the child 20. * 21. * @see #generateDefaultLayoutParams() 22. */ 23. public void addView(View child, int index) { 24. LayoutParams params = child.getLayoutParams(); 25. if (params == null) { 26. params = generateDefaultLayoutParams(); //返回默认地LayoutParams类,作为该View的属性值 27. if (params == null) {//如果不能获取到LayoutParams对象,则抛出异常。 28. throw new IllegalArgumentException("generateDefaultLayoutParams() cannot return null"); 29. } 30. } 31. addView(child, index, params); 32. } 33. /** 34. * Adds a child view with this ViewGroup's default layout parameters and the 35. * specified width and height. 36. * 37. * @param child the child view to add 38. */ 39. public void addView(View child, int width, int height) { 40. //返回默认地LayoutParams类,作为该View的属性值 41. final LayoutParams params = generateDefaultLayoutParams(); 42. params.width = width; //重新设置width值 43. params.height = height; //重新设置height值 44. addView(child, -1, params); //这儿,我们有指定width、height的大小了。 45. } 46. /** 47. * Adds a child view with the specified layout parameters. 48. * 49. * @param child the child view to add 50. * @param params the layout parameters to set on the child 51. */ 52. public void addView(View child, LayoutParams params) { 53. addView(child, -1, params); 54. } 55. /** 56. * Adds a child view with the specified layout parameters. 57. * 58. * @param child the child view to add 59. * @param index the position at which to add the child 60. * @param params the layout parameters to set on the child 61. */ 62. public void addView(View child, int index, LayoutParams params) { 63. ... 64. // addViewInner() will call child.requestLayout() when setting the new LayoutParams 65. // therefore, we call requestLayout() on ourselves before, so that the child's request 66. // will be blocked at our level 67. requestLayout(); 68. invalidate(); 69. addViewInner(child, index, params, false); 70. } 71. /** 72. * Returns a set of default layout parameters. These parameters are requested 73. * when the View passed to {@link #addView(View)} has no layout parameters 74. * already set. If null is returned, an exception is thrown from addView. 75. * 76. * @return a set of default layout parameters or null 77. */ 78. protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() { 79. //width 为 WRAP_CONTENT大小 , height 为WRAP_CONTENT 80. //ViewGroup的子类可以重写该方法,达到其特定要求。稍后会以LinearLayout类为例说明。 81. return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT); 82. } 83. private void addViewInner(View child, int index, LayoutParams params, 84. boolean preventRequestLayout) { 85. 86. if (!checkLayoutParams(params)) { //params对象是否为null 87. params = generateLayoutParams(params); //如果params对象是为null,重新构造个LayoutParams对象 88. } 89. //preventRequestLayout值为false 90. if (preventRequestLayout) { 91. child.mLayoutParams = params; //为View的mLayoutParams属性赋值 92. } else { 93. child.setLayoutParams(params);//为View的mLayoutParams属性赋值,但会调用requestLayout()请求重新布局 94. } 95. //if else 语句会设置View为mLayoutParams属性赋值 96. ... 97. } 98. ... 99.} |
主要功能就是在添加子View时为其构建了一个LayoutParams对象。但更重要的是,ViewGroup的子类可以重载上面的几个方法,返回特定的LayoutParams对象,例如:对于LinearLayout而言,则是LinearLayout.LayoutParams对象。这么做地目的是,能在其他需要它的地方,可以将其强制转换成LinearLayout.LayoutParams对象。
LinearLayout重写函数地实现为:
01.public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup { 02. ... 03. @Override 04. public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) { 05. return new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs); 06. } 07. @Override 08. protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() { 09. //该LinearLayout是水平方向还是垂直方向 10. if (mOrientation == HORIZONTAL) { 11. return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT); 12. } else if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) { 13. return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT); 14. } 15. return null; 16. } 17. @Override 18. protected LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) { 19. return new LayoutParams(p); 20. } 21. /** 22. * Per-child layout information associated with ViewLinearLayout. 23. * 24. * @attr ref android.R.styleable#LinearLayout_Layout_layout_weight 25. * @attr ref android.R.styleable#LinearLayout_Layout_layout_gravity 26. */ //自定义的LayoutParams类 27. public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams { 28. /** 29. * Indicates how much of the extra space in the LinearLayout will be 30. * allocated to the view associated with these LayoutParams. Specify 31. * 0 if the view should not be stretched. Otherwise the extra pixels 32. * will be pro-rated among all views whose weight is greater than 0. 33. */ 34. @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "layout") 35. public float weight; // 见于属性,android:layout_weight="" ; 36. /** 37. * Gravity for the view associated with these LayoutParams. 38. * 39. * @see android.view.Gravity 40. */ 41. public int gravity = -1; // 见于属性, android:layout_gravity="" ; 42. /** 43. * {@inheritDoc} 44. */ 45. public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) { 46. super(c, attrs); 47. TypedArray a =c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.LinearLayout_Layout); 48. weight = a.getFloat(com.android.internal.R.styleable.LinearLayout_Layout_layout_weight, 0); 49. gravity = a.getInt(com.android.internal.R.styleable.LinearLayout_Layout_layout_gravity, -1); 50. 51. a.recycle(); 52. } 53. /** 54. * {@inheritDoc} 55. */ 56. public LayoutParams(int width, int height) { 57. super(width, height); 58. weight = 0; 59. } 60. /** 61. * Creates a new set of layout parameters with the specified width, height 62. * and weight. 63. * 64. * @param width the width, either {@link #MATCH_PARENT}, 65. * {@link #WRAP_CONTENT} or a fixed size in pixels 66. * @param height the height, either {@link #MATCH_PARENT}, 67. * {@link #WRAP_CONTENT} or a fixed size in pixels 68. * @param weight the weight 69. */ 70. public LayoutParams(int width, int height, float weight) { 71. super(width, height); 72. this.weight = weight; 73. } 74. public LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) { 75. super(p); 76. } 77. public LayoutParams(MarginLayoutParams source) { 78. super(source); 79. } 80. } 81. ... 82.} |
LinearLayout.LayoutParams类继承至ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams类,添加了对android:layout_weight以及 android:layout_gravity这两个属性的获取和保存。而且它的重写函数返回的都是LinearLayout.LayoutParams类型。这样,我们可以再对子View进行其他操作时,可以将将其强制转换成LinearLayout.LayoutParams对象进行使用。
例如,LinearLayout进行measure过程,使用了LinearLayout.LayoutParam对象,有如下代码:
01.public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup { 02. ... 03. @Override //onMeasure方法。 04. protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 05. //判断是垂直方向还是水平方向,这儿我们假设是VERTICAL垂直方向, 06. if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) { 07. measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); 08. } else { 09. measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); 10. } 11. } 12. /** 13. * Measures the children when the orientation of this LinearLayout is set 14. * to {@link #VERTICAL}. 15. * 16. * @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent. 17. * @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent. 18. * 19. * @see #getOrientation() 20. * @see #setOrientation(int) 21. * @see #onMeasure(int, int) 22. */ 23. void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 24. mTotalLength = 0; 25. ... 26. // See how tall everyone is. Also remember max width. 27. for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) { 28. final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i); //获得索引处为i的子VIew 29. ... 30. //注意,我们将类型为 ViewGroup.LayoutParams的实例对象强制转换为了LinearLayout.LayoutParams, 31. //即父对象转换为了子对象,能这样做的原因就是LinearLayout的所有子View的LayoutParams类型都为 32. //LinearLayout.LayoutParams 33. LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); 34. ... 35. } 36. ... 37.} |
超类ViewGroup.LayoutParams强制转换为了子类LinearLayout.LayoutParams,因为LinearLayout的每个”直接“子View的LayoutParams属性都是LinearLayout.LayoutParams类型,因此可以安全转换。
PS : Android 2.3源码Launcher2中也实现了自定义的LayoutParams类,在IDLE界面的每个View至少包含如下
信息:所在X方向的单元格索引和高度、所在Y方向的单元格索引和高度等。
路径: packages\apps\Launcher2\src\com\android\launcher2\CellLayout.java
01.public class CellLayout extends ViewGroup { 02. ... 03. public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams { 04. /** 05. * Horizontal location of the item in the grid. 06. */ 07. public int cellX; //X方向的单元格索引 08. /** 09. * Vertical location of the item in the grid. 10. */ 11. public int cellY; //Y方向的单元格索引 12. /** 13. * Number of cells spanned horizontally by the item. 14. */ 15. public int cellHSpan; //水平方向所占高度 16. /** 17. * Number of cells spanned vertically by the item. 18. */ 19. public int cellVSpan; //垂直方向所占高度 20. ... 21. public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) { 22. super(c, attrs); 23. cellHSpan = 1; //默认为高度 1 24. cellVSpan = 1; 25. } 26. 27. public LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams source) { 28. super(source); //默认为高度 1 29. cellHSpan = 1; 30. cellVSpan = 1; 31. } 32. 33. public LayoutParams(int cellX, int cellY, int cellHSpan, int cellVSpan) { 34. super(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT); 35. this.cellX = cellX; 36. this.cellY = cellY; 37. this.cellHSpan = cellHSpan; 38. this.cellVSpan = cellVSpan; 39. } 40. ... 41. } 42. ... 43.} |
对该自定义CellLayout.LayoutParams类的使用可以参考LinearLayout.LayoutParams类,我也不再赘述了。
方法2流程分析:
使用属性android:layout_heigth=””以及android:layout_weight=”” 时,为某个View设置LayoutParams值。
其实这种赋值方法其实也如同前面那种,只不过它需要一个前期孵化过程---需要利用XML解析将布局文件解析成一个完整的View树,可别小看它了,所有Xxx.xml的布局文件都需要解析成一个完整的View树。下面,我们就来仔细走这个过程,重点关注如下两个方面
①、xml布局是如何解析成View树的 ;
②、android:layout_heigth=””和android:layout_weight=””的解析。
PS: 一直以来,我都想当然android:layout_heigth以及android:layout_weight这两个属性的解析过程是在View.java内部完成的,但当我真正去找寻时,却一直没有在View.java类或者ViewGroup.java类找到。直到一位网友的一次提问,才发现它们的藏身之地。
3、布局文件解析流程分析
解析布局文件时,使用的类为LayoutInflater。 关于该类的使用请参考如下博客:
<android中LayoutInflater的使用 >>
主要有如下API方法:
public View inflate (XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)
public View inflate (int resource, ViewGroup root)
public View inflate (int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)
这三个类主要迷惑之处在于地三个参数attachToRoot,即是否将该View树添加到root中去。具体可看这篇博客:
<<关于inflate的第3个参数>>
当然还有LayoutInflater的inflate()的其他重载方法,大家可以自行了解下。
我利用下面的例子给大家走走这个流程 :
01.public class MainActivity extends Activity { 02. /** Called when the activity is first created. */ 03. @Override 04. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 05. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 06. //1、该方法最终也会调用到 LayoutInflater的inflate()方法中去解析。 07. setContentView(R.layout.main); 08. 09. //2、使用常见的API方法去解析xml布局文件, 10. LayoutInflater layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(); 11. View root = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.main, null); 12. } 13.} |
Step 1、获得LayoutInflater的引用。
路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\app\ContextImpl.java
01./** 02. * Common implementation of Context API, which provides the base 03. * context object for Activity and other application components. 04. */ 05.class ContextImpl extends Context { 06. if (WINDOW_SERVICE.equals(name)) { 07. return WindowManagerImpl.getDefault(); 08. } else if (LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE.equals(name)) { 09. synchronized (mSync) { 10. LayoutInflater inflater = mLayoutInflater; 11. //是否已经赋值,如果是,直接返回引用 12. if (inflater != null) { 13. return inflater; 14. } 15. //返回一个LayoutInflater对象,getOuterContext()指的是我们的Activity、Service或者Application引用 16. mLayoutInflater = inflater = PolicyManager.makeNewLayoutInflater(getOuterContext()); 17. return inflater; 18. } 19. } else if (ACTIVITY_SERVICE.equals(name)) { 20. return getActivityManager(); 21. }... 22.} |
继续去PolicyManager查询对应函数,看看内部实现。
路径:frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\policy\PolicyManager.java
01.public final class PolicyManager { 02. private static final String POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME = "com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy"; 03. private static final IPolicy sPolicy; // 这可不是Binder机制额,这只是是一个接口,别想多啦 04. static { 05. // Pull in the actual implementation of the policy at run-time 06. try { 07. Class policyClass = Class.forName(POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME); 08. sPolicy = (IPolicy)policyClass.newInstance(); 09. } 10. ... 11. } 12. ... 13. public static LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) { 14. return sPolicy.makeNewLayoutInflater(context); //继续去实现类中去查找 15. } 16.} |
IPolicy接口的实现对为Policy类。路径:/frameworks/base/policy/src/com/android/internal/policy/impl/Policy.java
01.//Simple implementation of the policy interface that spawns the right 02.//set of objects 03.public class Policy implements IPolicy{ 04. ... 05. public PhoneLayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) { 06. //实际上返回的是PhoneLayoutInflater类。 07. return new PhoneLayoutInflater(context); 08. } 09.} 10.//PhoneLayoutInflater继承至LayoutInflater类 11.public class PhoneLayoutInflater extends LayoutInflater { 12. ... 13. /** 14. * Instead of instantiating directly, you should retrieve an instance 15. * through {@link Context#getSystemService} 16. * 17. * @param context The Context in which in which to find resources and other 18. * application-specific things. 19. * 20. * @see Context#getSystemService 21. */ 22. public PhoneLayoutInflater(Context context) { 23. super(context); 24. } 25. ... 26.} |
LayoutInflater是个抽象类,实际上我们返回的是PhoneLayoutInflater类,但解析过程的操作基本上是在
LayoutInflater中完成地。
Step 2、调用inflate()方法去解析布局文件。
01.public abstract class LayoutInflater { 02. ... 03. public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root) { 04. //继续看下个函数,注意root为null 05. return inflate(resource, root, root != null); 06. } 07. 08. public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) { 09. //获取一个XmlResourceParser来解析XML文件---布局文件。 10. //XmlResourceParser类以及xml是如何解析的,大家自己有兴趣找找。 11. XmlResourceParser parser = getContext().getResources().getLayout(resource); 12. try { 13. return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot); 14. } finally { 15. parser.close(); 16. } 17. } 18.} 19./** 20. * The XML parsing interface returned for an XML resource. This is a standard 21. * XmlPullParser interface, as well as an extended AttributeSet interface and 22. * an additional close() method on this interface for the client to indicate 23. * when it is done reading the resource. 24. */ 25.public interface XmlResourceParser extends XmlPullParser, AttributeSet { 26. /** 27. * Close this interface to the resource. Calls on the interface are no 28. * longer value after this call. 29. */ 30. public void close(); 31.} |
我们获得了一个当前应用程序环境的XmlResourceParser对象,该对象的主要作用就是来解析xml布局文件的。XmlResourceParser类是个接口类,
Step 3 、真正地开始解析工作 。
01.public abstract class LayoutInflater { 02. ... 03. /** 04. * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified XML node. Throws 05. * {@link InflateException} if there is an error. 06. */ 07. //我们传递过来的参数如下: root 为null , attachToRoot为false 。 08. public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) { 09. synchronized (mConstructorArgs) { 10. final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser); 11. Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0]; 12. mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext; //该mConstructorArgs属性最后会作为参数传递给View的构造函数 13. View result = root; //根View 14. 15. try { 16. // Look for the root node. 17. int type; 18. while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG && 19. type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) { 20. // Empty 21. } 22. ... 23. final String name = parser.getName(); //节点名,即API中的控件或者自定义View完整限定名。 24. if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { // 处理标签 25. if (root == null || !attachToRoot) { 26. throw new InflateException(" can be used only with a valid " 27. + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true"); 28. } 29. //将标签的View树添加至root中,该函数稍后讲到。 30. rInflate(parser, root, attrs); 31. } else { 32. // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml 33. //创建该xml布局文件所对应的根View。 34. View temp = createViewFromTag(name, attrs); 35. 36. ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null; 37. 38. if (root != null) { 39. // Create layout params that match root, if supplied 40. //根据AttributeSet属性获得一个LayoutParams实例,记住调用者为root。 41. params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs); 42. if (!attachToRoot) { //重新设置temp的LayoutParams 43. // Set the layout params for temp if we are not 44. // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below) 45. temp.setLayoutParams(params); 46. } 47. } 48. // Inflate all children under temp 49. //添加所有其子节点,即添加所有字View 50. rInflate(parser, temp, attrs); 51. 52. // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp) 53. // to root. Do that now. 54. if (root != null && attachToRoot) { 55. root.addView(temp, params); 56. } 57. // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the 58. // top view found in xml. 59. if (root == null || !attachToRoot) { 60. result = temp; 61. } 62. } 63. } 64. ... 65. return result; 66. } 67. } 68. 69. /* 70. * default visibility so the BridgeInflater can override it. 71. */ 72. View createViewFromTag(String name, AttributeSet attrs) { 73. //节点是否为View,如果是将其重新赋值,形如 74. if (name.equals("view")) { 75. name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class"); 76. } 77. try { 78. View view = (mFactory == null) ? null : mFactory.onCreateView(name, 79. mContext, attrs); //没有设置工厂方法 80. 81. if (view == null) { 82. //通过这个判断是Android API的View,还是自定义View 83. if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) { 84. view = onCreateView(name, attrs); //创建Android API的View实例 85. } else { 86. view = createView(name, null, attrs);//创建一个自定义View实例 87. } 88. } 89. return view; 90. } 91. ... 92. } 93. //获得具体视图的实例对象 94. public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs) { 95. Constructor constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name); 96. Class clazz = null; 97. //以下功能主要是获取如下三个类对象: 98. //1、类加载器 ClassLoader 99. //2、Class对象 100. //3、类的构造方法句柄 Constructor 101. try { 102. if (constructor == null) { 103. // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it 104. clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name); 105. ... 106. constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature); 107. sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor); 108. } else { 109. // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor 110. if (mFilter != null) { 111. ... 112. } 113. } 114. //传递参数获得该View实例对象 115. Object[] args = mConstructorArgs; 116. args[1] = attrs; 117. return (View) constructor.newInstance(args); 118. } 119. ... 120. } 121. 122.} |
这段代码的作用是获取xml布局文件的root View,做了如下两件事情
1、获取xml布局的View实例,通过createViewFromTag()方法获取,该方法会判断节点名是API 控件
还是自定义控件,继而调用合适的方法去实例化View。
2、判断root以及attachToRoot参数,重新设置root View值以及temp变量的LayoutParams值。
如果仔细看着段代码,不知大家心里有没有疑惑:当root为null时,我们的temp变量的LayoutParams值是为
null的,即它不会被赋值?有个View的LayoutParams值为空,那么,在系统中不会报异常吗?见下面部分
代码:
01.//我们传递过来的参数如下: root 为null , attachToRoot为false 。 02.public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) { 03. synchronized (mConstructorArgs) { 04. ... 05. try { 06. 07. ... 08. if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { // 处理标签 09. ... 10. } else { 11. // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml 12. //创建该xml布局文件所对应的根View。 13. View temp = createViewFromTag(name, attrs); 14. ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null; 15. 16. //注意!!! root为null时,temp变量的LayoutParams属性不会被赋值的。 17. if (root != null) { 18. // Create layout params that match root, if supplied 19. //根据AttributeSet属性获得一个LayoutParams实例,记住调用者为root。 20. params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs); 21. if (!attachToRoot) { //重新设置temp的LayoutParams 22. // Set the layout params for temp if we are not 23. // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below) 24. temp.setLayoutParams(params); 25. } 26. } 27. ... 28. } 29. } 30. ... 31. } 32.} |
关于这个问题的详细答案,我会在后面讲到。这儿我简单说下,任何View树的顶层View被添加至窗口时,一般调用WindowManager.addView()添加至窗口时,在这个方法中去做进一步处理。即使,LayoutParams值为空,UI框架每次measure()时都忽略该View的LayoutParams值,而是直接传递MeasureSpec值至View树。
接下来,我们关注另外一个函数,rInflate(),该方法会递归调用每个View下的子节点,以当前View作为根View形成一个View树。
01./** 02. * Recursive method used to descend down the xml hierarchy and instantiate 03. * views, instantiate their children, and then call onFinishInflate(). 04. */ 05.//递归调用每个字节点 06.private void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, final AttributeSet attrs) 07. throws XmlPullParserException, IOException { 08. 09. final int depth = parser.getDepth(); 10. int type; 11. 12. while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || 13. parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) { 14. 15. if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) { 16. continue; 17. } 18. final String name = parser.getName(); 19. 20. if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) { //处理标签 21. parseRequestFocus(parser, parent); 22. } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) { //处理标签 23. if (parser.getDepth() == 0) { 24. throw new InflateException(" cannot be the root element"); 25. } 26. parseInclude(parser, parent, attrs);//解析节点 27. } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { //处理标签 28. throw new InflateException(" must be the root element"); 29. } else { 30. //根据节点名构建一个View实例对象 31. final View view = createViewFromTag(name, attrs); 32. final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent; 33. //调用generateLayoutParams()方法返回一个LayoutParams实例对象, 34. final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs); 35. rInflate(parser, view, attrs); //继续递归调用 36. viewGroup.addView(view, params); //OK,将该View以特定LayoutParams值添加至父View中 37. } 38. } 39. parent.onFinishInflate(); //完成了解析过程,通知.... 40.} |
值得注意的是,每次addView前都调用了viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs)去构建一个LayoutParams
实例,然后在addView()方法中为其赋值。参见如下代码:ViewGroup.java
01.public abstract class ViewGroup extends View implements ViewParent, ViewManager { 02. ... 03. 04. public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) { 05. return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs); 06. } 07. public static class LayoutParams { 08. ... //会调用这个构造函数 09. public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) { 10. TypedArray a = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout); 11. setBaseAttributes(a, 12. R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_width, 13. R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_height); 14. a.recycle(); 15. } 16. protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) { 17. width = a.getLayoutDimension(widthAttr, "layout_width"); 18. height = a.getLayoutDimension(heightAttr, "layout_height"); 19. } 20. 21.} |
好吧 ~~ 我们还是探寻根底,去TypeArray类的getLayoutDimension()看看。
路径:/frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/res/TypedArray.java
01.public class TypedArray { 02. ... 03. /** 04. * Special version of {@link #getDimensionPixelSize} for retrieving 05. * {@link android.view.ViewGroup}'s layout_width and layout_height 06. * attributes. This is only here for performance reasons; applications 07. * should use {@link #getDimensionPixelSize}. 08. * 09. * @param index Index of the attribute to retrieve. 10. * @param name Textual name of attribute for error reporting. 11. * 12. * @return Attribute dimension value multiplied by the appropriate 13. * metric and truncated to integer pixels. 14. */ 15. public int getLayoutDimension(int index, String name) { 16. index *= AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES; 17. final int[] data = mData; 18. //获得属性对应的标识符 , Identifies,目前还没有仔细研究相关类。 19. final int type = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_TYPE]; 20. if (type >= TypedValue.TYPE_FIRST_INT 21. && type <= TypedValue.TYPE_LAST_INT) { 22. return data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA]; 23. } else if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_DIMENSION) { //类型为dimension类型 24. return TypedValue.complexToDimensionPixelSize( 25. data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA], mResources.mMetrics); 26. } 27. //没有提供layout_weight和layout_height会来到此处 ,这儿会报异常! 28. //因此布局文件中的View包括自定义View必须加上属性layout_weight和layout_height。 29. throw new RuntimeException(getPositionDescription() 30. + ": You must supply a " + name + " attribute."); 31. } 32. ... 33.} |
从上面得知, 我们将View的AttributeSet属性传递给generateLayoutParams()方法,让其构建合适地LayoutParams对象,并且初始化属性值weight和height。同时我们也得知 布局文件中的View包括自定义View必须加上属性layout_weight和layout_height,否则会报异常。
Step 3 主要做了如下事情:
首先,获得了了布局文件地root View,即布局文件中最顶层的View。
其次,通过递归调用,我们形成了整个View树以及设置了每个View的LayoutParams对象。
总结:通过对布局文件的解析流程的学习,也就是转换为View树的过程,我们明白了解析过程的个中奥妙,以及
设置ViewLayoutParams对象的过程。但是,我们这儿只是简单的浮光掠影,更深层次的内容希望大家能深入学习。
本来是准备接下去往下写的,但无奈贴出来的代码太多,文章有点长而且自己也有点凌乱了,因此决定做两篇博客发表吧。下篇内容包括如下方面:
上篇文章中,我们了解了View树的转换过程以及如何设置View的LayoutParams的。本文继续沿着既定轨迹继续未完成的job。
主要知识点如下:
在讲解measure过程前,我们非常有必要理解MeasureSpc类的使用,否则理解起来也只能算是囫囵吞枣。
1、MeasureSpc类说明
1.1 SDK 说明如下
A MeasureSpec encapsulates the layout requirements passed from parent to child. Each MeasureSpec represents a requirement for either the width or the height. A MeasureSpec is comprised of a size and a mode.
即:
MeasureSpc类封装了父View传递给子View的布局(layout)要求。每个MeasureSpc实例代表宽度或者高度(只能是其一)要求。 它有三种模式:
①、UNSPECIFIED(未指定),父元素部队自元素施加任何束缚,子元素可以得到任意想要的大小;
②、EXACTLY(完全),父元素决定自元素的确切大小,子元素将被限定在给定的边界里而忽略它本身大小;
③、AT_MOST(至多),子元素至多达到指定大小的值。
常用的三个函数:
static int getMode(int measureSpec) : 根据提供的测量值(格式)提取模式(上述三个模式之一)
static int getSize(int measureSpec) : 根据提供的测量值(格式)提取大小值(这个大小也就是我们通常所说的大小)
static int makeMeasureSpec(int size,int mode) : 根据提供的大小值和模式创建一个测量值(格式)
1.2 MeasureSpc类源码分析 其为View.java类的内部类,路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\View.java
01.public class View implements ... { 02. ... 03. public static class MeasureSpec { 04. private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30; //移位位数为30 05. //int类型占32位,向右移位30位,该属性表示掩码值,用来与size和mode进行"&"运算,获取对应值。 06. private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT; 07. 08. //向右移位30位,其值为00 + (30位0) , 即 0x0000(16进制表示) 09. public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT; 10. //向右移位30位,其值为01 + (30位0) , 即0x1000(16进制表示) 11. public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT; 12. //向右移位30位,其值为02 + (30位0) , 即0x2000(16进制表示) 13. public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT; 14. 15. //创建一个整形值,其高两位代表mode类型,其余30位代表长或宽的实际值。 可以是WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT或具体大小exactly size 16. public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) { 17. return size + mode; 18. } 19. //获取模式 ,与运算 20. public static int getMode(int measureSpec) { 21. return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK); 22. } 23. //获取长或宽的实际值 ,与运算 24. public static int getSize(int measureSpec) { 25. return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK); 26. } 27. 28. } 29. ... 30.} |
MeasureSpec类的处理思路是:
①、右移运算,使int 类型的高两位表示模式的实际值,其余30位表示其余30位代表长或宽的实际值----可以是
WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT或具体大小exactly size。
②、通过掩码MODE_MASK进行与运算 “&”,取得模式(mode)以及长或宽(value)的实际值。
2、measure过程详解
2.1 measure过程深入分析
之前的一篇博文<< Android中View绘制流程以及invalidate()等相关方法分析>>,我们从”二B程序员”的角度简单 解了measure过程的调用过程。过了这么多,我们也该升级了,- - 。现在请开始从”普通程序员”角度去理解这个过程。我们重点查看measure过程中地相关方法。
我们说过,当UI框架开始绘制时,皆是从ViewRoot.java类开始绘制的。ViewRoot类简要说明: 任何显示在设备中的窗口,例如:Activity、Dialog等,都包含一个ViewRoot实例,该类主要用来与远端 WindowManagerService交互以及控制(开始/销毁)绘制。
Step 1、 开始UI绘制 , 具体绘制方法则是:
01.路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\ViewRoot.java 02.public final class ViewRoot extends Handler implements ViewParent,View.AttachInfo.Callbacks { 03. ... 04. //mView对象指添加至窗口的root View ,对Activity窗口而言,则是DecorView对象。 05. View mView; 06. 07. //开始View绘制流程 08. private void performTraversals(){ 09. ... 10. //这两个值我们在后面讨论时,在回过头来看看是怎么赋值的。现在只需要记住其值MeasureSpec. makeMeasureSpec()构建的。 11. int childWidthMeasureSpec; //其值由MeasureSpec类构建 , makeMeasureSpec 12. int childHeightMeasureSpec;//其值由MeasureSpec类构建 , makeMeasureSpec 13. 14. 15. // Ask host how big it wants to be 16. host.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); 17. ... 18. } 19. ... 20.} |
这儿,我并没有说出childWidthMeasureSpec和childHeightMeasureSpec类的来由(为了避免额外地开销,等到
第三部分时我们在来攻克它,现在只需要记住其值MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec()构建的。
Step 2 、调用measure()方法去做一些前期准备
measure()方法原型定义在View.java类中,final修饰符修饰,其不能被重载:
01.public class View implements ... { 02. ... 03. /** 04. * This is called to find out how big a view should be. The parent 05. * supplies constraint information in the width and height parameters. 06. * 07. * @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the 08. * parent 09. * @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the 10. * parent 11. * @see #onMeasure(int, int) 12. */ 13. public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 14. //判断是否为强制布局,即带有“FORCE_LAYOUT”标记 以及 widthMeasureSpec或heightMeasureSpec发生了改变 15. if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT || 16. widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec || 17. heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) { 18. 19. // first clears the measured dimension flag 20. //清除MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记 ,该标记会在onMeasure()方法后被设置 21. mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; 22. 23. // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back 24. // 1、 测量该View本身的大小 ; 2 、 设置MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记,否则接写来会报异常。 25. onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); 26. 27. // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise 28. // an exception to warn the developer 29. if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) { 30. throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the" 31. + " measured dimension by calling" + " setMeasuredDimension()"); 32. } 33. 34. mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED; //下一步是layout了,添加LAYOUT_REQUIRED标记 35. } 36. 37. mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec; //保存值 38. mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec; //保存值 39. } 40. ... 41.} |
参数widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec 由父View构建,表示父View给子View的测量要求。其值地构建
会在下面步骤中详解。
measure()方法显示判断是否需要重新调用设置改View大小,即调用onMeasure()方法,然后操作两个标识符:
①、重置MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET : onMeasure()方法中,需要添加该标识符,否则,会报异常;
②、添加LAYOUT_REQUIRED : 表示需要进行layout操作。
最后,保存当前的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec值。
Step 3 、调用onMeasure()方法去真正设置View的长宽值,其默认实现为:
01./** 02. * Measure the view and its content to determine the measured width and the 03. * measured height. This method is invoked by {@link #measure(int, int)} and 04. * should be overriden by subclasses to provide accurate and efficient 05. * measurement of their contents. 06. * 07. * @param widthMeasureSpec horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent. 08. * The requirements are encoded with 09. * @param heightMeasureSpec vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent. 10. * The requirements are encoded with 11. */ 12. //设置该View本身地大小 13. protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 14. setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec), 15. getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec)); 16. } 17. 18. /** 19. * Utility to return a default size. Uses the supplied size if the 20. * MeasureSpec imposed no contraints. Will get larger if allowed 21. * by the MeasureSpec. 22. * 23. * @param size Default size for this view 24. * @param measureSpec Constraints imposed by the parent 25. * @return The size this view should be. 26. */ 27. //@param size参数一般表示设置了android:minHeight属性或者该View背景图片的大小值 28. public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) { 29. int result = size; 30. int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec); 31. int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec); 32. 33. //根据不同的mode值,取得宽和高的实际值。 34. switch (specMode) { 35. case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: //表示该View的大小父视图未定,设置为默认值 36. result = size; 37. break; 38. case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: //表示该View的大小由父视图指定了 39. case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: 40. result = specSize; 41. break; 42. } 43. return result; 44. } 45. //获得设置了android:minHeight属性或者该View背景图片的大小值, 最为该View的参考值 46. protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() { 47. int suggestedMinWidth = mMinWidth; // android:minHeight 48. 49. if (mBGDrawable != null) { // 背景图片对应地Width。 50. final int bgMinWidth = mBGDrawable.getMinimumWidth(); 51. if (suggestedMinWidth < bgMinWidth) { 52. suggestedMinWidth = bgMinWidth; 53. } 54. } 55. 56. return suggestedMinWidth; 57. } 58. //设置View在measure过程中宽和高 59. protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) { 60. mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth; 61. mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight; 62. 63. mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; //设置了MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记 64. } |
主要功能就是根据该View属性(android:minWidth和背景图片大小)和父View对该子View的"测量要求",设置该 View的 mMeasuredWidth 和 mMeasuredHeight 值。
这儿只是一般的View类型地实现方法。一般来说,父View,也就是ViewGroup类型,都需要在重写onMeasure() 方法,遍历所有子View,设置每个子View的大小。基本思想如下:遍历所有子View,设置每个子View的大小。伪代码表示为:
01.//某个ViewGroup类型的视图 02.protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 03. //必须调用super.ononMeasure()或者直接调用setMeasuredDimension()方法设置该View大小,否则会报异常。 04. super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec , heightMeasureSpec) 05. //setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec), 06. // getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec)); 07. 08. //遍历每个子View 09. for(int i = 0 ; i < getChildCount() ; i++){ 10. View child = getChildAt(i); 11. //调用子View的onMeasure,设置他们的大小。childWidthMeasureSpec , childHeightMeasureSpec ? 12. child.onMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); 13. } 14.} |
Step 2、Step 3 代码也比较好理解,但问题是我们示例代码中widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec是如何确定的呢?父View是如何设定其值的?
要想回答这个问题,我们看是去源代码里找找答案吧。在ViewGroup.java类中,为我们提供了三个方法,去设置每个子View的大小,基本思想也如同我们之前描述的思想:遍历所有子View,设置每个子View的大小。
主要有如下方法:
01./** 02. * Ask all of the children of this view to measure themselves, taking into 03. * account both the MeasureSpec requirements for this view and its padding. 04. * We skip children that are in the GONE state The heavy lifting is done in 05. * getChildMeasureSpec. 06. */ 07.//widthMeasureSpec 和 heightMeasureSpec 表示该父View的布局要求 08.//遍历每个子View,然后调用measureChild()方法去实现每个子View大小 09.protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 10. final int size = mChildrenCount; 11. final View[] children = mChildren; 12. for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { 13. final View child = children[i]; 14. if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) { // 不处于 “GONE” 状态 15. measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); 16. } 17. } 18.} 19. 20./** 21. * Ask one of the children of this view to measure itself, taking into 22. * account both the MeasureSpec requirements for this view and its padding. 23. * The heavy lifting is done in getChildMeasureSpec. 24. * 25. * @param child The child to measure 26. * @param parentWidthMeasureSpec The width requirements for this view 27. * @param parentHeightMeasureSpec The height requirements for this view 28. */ 29.//测量每个子View高宽时,清楚了该View本身的边距大小,即android:padding属性 或android:paddingLeft等属性标记 30.protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, 31. int parentHeightMeasureSpec) { 32. final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams(); // LayoutParams属性 33. //设置子View的childWidthMeasureSpec属性,去除了该父View的边距值 mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight 34. final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec, 35. mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width); 36. //设置子View的childHeightMeasureSpec属性,去除了该父View的边距值 mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom 37. final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec, 38. mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height); 39. 40. child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); 41.} |
measureChildren()方法:遍历所有子View,调用measureChild()方法去设置该子View的属性值。
measureChild() 方法 : 获取特定子View的widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec,调用measure()方法设置子View的实际宽高值。
getChildMeasureSpec()就是获取子View的widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec值。
01./** 02. * Does the hard part of measureChildren: figuring out the MeasureSpec to 03. * pass to a particular child. This method figures out the right MeasureSpec 04. * for one dimension (height or width) of one child view. 05. * 06. * The goal is to combine information from our MeasureSpec with the 07. * LayoutParams of the child to get the best possible results. 08. */ 09.// spec参数 表示该父View本身所占的widthMeasureSpec 或 heightMeasureSpec值 10.// padding参数 表示该父View的边距大小,见于android:padding属性 或android:paddingLeft等属性标记 11.// childDimension参数 表示该子View内部LayoutParams属性的值,可以是wrap_content、match_parent、 一个精确指(an exactly size), 12.// 例如:由android:width指定等。 13.public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) { 14. int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec); //获得父View的mode 15. int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec); //获得父View的实际值 16. 17. int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding); //父View为子View设定的大小,减去边距值, 18. 19. int resultSize = 0; //子View对应地 size 实际值 ,由下面的逻辑条件赋值 20. int resultMode = 0; //子View对应地 mode 值 , 由下面的逻辑条件赋值 21. 22. switch (specMode) { 23. // Parent has imposed an exact size on us 24. //1、父View是EXACTLY的 ! 25. case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: 26. //1.1、子View的width或height是个精确值 (an exactly size) 27. if (childDimension >= 0) { 28. resultSize = childDimension; //size为精确值 29. resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 。 30. } 31. //1.2、子View的width或height为 MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT 32. else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { 33. // Child wants to be our size. So be it. 34. resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小 35. resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 。 36. } 37. //1.3、子View的width或height为 WRAP_CONTENT 38. else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { 39. // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be 40. // bigger than us. 41. resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小 42. resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; //mode为AT_MOST 。 43. } 44. break; 45. 46. // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us 47. //2、父View是AT_MOST的 ! 48. case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: 49. //2.1、子View的width或height是个精确值 (an exactly size) 50. if (childDimension >= 0) { 51. // Child wants a specific size... so be it 52. resultSize = childDimension; //size为精确值 53. resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 。 54. } 55. //2.2、子View的width或height为 MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT 56. else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { 57. // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed. 58. // Constrain child to not be bigger than us. 59. resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小 60. resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; //mode为AT_MOST 61. } 62. //2.3、子View的width或height为 WRAP_CONTENT 63. else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { 64. // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be 65. // bigger than us. 66. resultSize = size; //size为父视图大小 67. resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; //mode为AT_MOST 68. } 69. break; 70. 71. // Parent asked to see how big we want to be 72. //3、父View是UNSPECIFIED的 ! 73. case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: 74. //3.1、子View的width或height是个精确值 (an exactly size) 75. if (childDimension >= 0) { 76. // Child wants a specific size... let him have it 77. resultSize = childDimension; //size为精确值 78. resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; //mode为 EXACTLY 79. } 80. //3.2、子View的width或height为 MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT 81. else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { 82. // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should 83. // be 84. resultSize = 0; //size为0! ,其值未定 85. resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; //mode为 UNSPECIFIED 86. } 87. //3.3、子View的width或height为 WRAP_CONTENT 88. else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { 89. // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how 90. // big it should be 91. resultSize = 0; //size为0! ,其值未定 92. resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; //mode为 UNSPECIFIED 93. } 94. break; 95. } 96. //根据上面逻辑条件获取的mode和size构建MeasureSpec对象。 97. return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode); 98.} |
为了便于分析,我将上面的逻辑判断语句使用列表项进行了说明.
getChildMeasureSpec()方法的主要功能如下:
根据父View的measureSpec值(widthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec)值以及子View的子View内部LayoutParams属性值,共同决定子View的measureSpec值的大小。主要判断条件主要为MeasureSpec的mode类型以及LayoutParams的宽高实际值(lp.width,lp.height),见于以上所贴代码中的列表项: 1、 1.1 ; 1.2 ; 1.3 ; 2、2.1等。
例如,分析列表3:假设当父View为MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED类型,即未定义时,只有当子View的width或height指定时,其mode才为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY,否者该View size为 0 ,mode为MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED时,即处于未指定状态。
由此可以得出, 每个View大小的设定都事由其父View以及该View共同决定的。但这只是一个期望的大小,每个View在测量时最终大小的设定是由setMeasuredDimension()最终决定的。因此,最终确定一个View的“测量长宽“是由以下几个方面影响:
setMeasuredDimension()原型:
01.//设置View在measure过程中宽和高 02.protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) { 03. mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth; 04. mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight; 05. 06. mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET; //设置了MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标记 07.} |
将上面列表项转换为表格为:
这张表格更能帮助我们分析View的MeasureSpec的确定条件关系。
为了帮助大家理解,下面我们分析某个窗口使用地xml布局文件,我们弄清楚该xml布局文件中每个View的
MeasureSpec值的组成。
01.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 02.<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 03. android:id="@+id/llayout" 04. android:orientation="vertical" 05. android:layout_width="match_parent" 06. android:layout_height="match_parent"> 07. 08. 09. <TextView android:id="@+id/tv" 10. android:layout_width="match_parent" 11. android:layout_height="wrap_content" 12. android:text="@string/hello" /> 13. 14.</LinearLayout> |
该布局文件共有两个View: ①、id为llayout的LinearLayout布局控件 ;②、id为tv的TextView控件。
假设LinearLayout的父View对应地widthSpec和heightSpec值皆为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY类型(Activity窗口的父View为DecorView,具体原因见第三部分说明)。
对LinearLayout而言比较简单,由于 android:layout_width="match_parent",因此其width对应地widthSpec mode值为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY , size由父视图大小指定 ; 由于android:layout_height = "match_parent",因此其height对应地heightSpec mode值为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY,size由父视图大小指定 ;
对TextView而言 ,其父View为LinearLayout的widthSpec和heightSpec值皆为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY类型,由于android:layout_width="match_parent" , 因此其width对应地widthSpec mode值为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY,size由父视图大小指定 ; 由于android:layout_width="wrap_content" , 因此其height对应地widthSpec mode值为MeasureSpec.AT_MOST,size由父视图大小指定 。
我们继续窥测下LinearLayout类是如何进行measure过程的:
01. public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup { 02.... 03.@Override //onMeasure方法。 04.protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 05. //判断是垂直方向还是水平方向,这儿我们假设是VERTICAL垂直方向, 06. if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) { 07. measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); 08. } else { 09. measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); 10. } 11.} 12.//垂直方向布局 13. void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 14. mTotalLength = 0; //该LinearLayout测量子View时的总高度。 15. float totalWeight = 0; //所有子View的权重和 , android:layout_weight 16. int maxWidth = 0; //保存子View中最大width值 17. ... 18. final int count = getVirtualChildCount(); //子View的个数 19. 20. final int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec); 21. final int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec); 22. ... 23. // See how tall everyone is. Also remember max width. 24. for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) { 25. final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i); 26. ... 27. LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); 28. 29. totalWeight += lp.weight; 30. //满足该条件地View会在该LinearLayout有剩余高度时,才真正调用measure() 31. if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) { 32. ... 33. } else { 34. int oldHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE; 35. //如果View的hight值为0,并且设置了android:layout_weight属性,重新纠正其height值为WRAP_CONTENT 36. if (lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) { 37. oldHeight = 0; 38. lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT; 39. } 40. // Determine how big this child would like to be. If this or 41. // previous children have given a weight, then we allow it to 42. // use all available space (and we will shrink things later 43. // if needed). 44. //对每个子View调用measure()方法 45. measureChildBeforeLayout( 46. child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 47. totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0); 48. 49. //这三行代码做了如下两件事情: 50. //1、获得该View的measuredHeight值,每个View都会根据他们地属性正确设置值 > 0 ; 51. //2、更新mTotalLength值:取当前高度mTotalLength值与mTotalLength + childHeight 的最大值 52. // 于是对于android:layout_height="wrap_height"属性地LinearLayout控件也就知道了它的确切高度值了。 53. final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight(); 54. final int totalLength = mTotalLength; 55. mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin + 56. lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child)); 57. ... 58. } 59. final int margin = lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin; 60. final int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + margin; 61. maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, measuredWidth); 62. ... 63. } 64. //后续还有很多处理,包括继续measure()某些符合条件地子View 65. ... 66. } 67. void measureChildBeforeLayout(View child, int childIndex, 68. int widthMeasureSpec, int totalWidth, int heightMeasureSpec, 69. int totalHeight) { 70. //调用measureChildWithMargins()方法去设置子View大小 71. measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, totalWidth, 72. heightMeasureSpec, totalHeight); 73. } 74.... |
继续看看measureChildWithMargins()方法,该方法定义在ViewGroup.java内,基本流程同于measureChild()方法,但添加了对子View Margin的处理,即:android:margin属性或者android:marginLeft等属性的处理。
01./** 02. * Ask one of the children of this view to measure itself, taking into 03. * account both the MeasureSpec requirements for this view and its padding 04. * and margins. The child must have MarginLayoutParams The heavy lifting is 05. * done in getChildMeasureSpec. 06. */ 07.//基本流程同于measureChild()方法,但添加了对子View Margin的处理, 即:android:margin属性或者android:marginLeft等属性的处理 08.//widthUsed参数 表示该父View已经使用的宽度 09.//heightUsed参数 表示该父View已经使用的高度 10.protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child, 11. int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed, 12. int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) { 13. final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); 14. 15. //获得子View的childWidthMeasureSpec和childHeightMeasureSpec值 16. final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec, 17. mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin 18. + widthUsed, lp.width); 19. final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec, 20. mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin 21. + heightUsed, lp.height); 22. 23. child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); 24.} |
measure()过程时,LinearLayout类做了如下事情 :
1、遍历每个子View,对其调用measure()方法;
2、子View measure()完成后,需要取得该子View地宽高实际值,继而做处理(例如:LinearLayout属性为android:widht="wrap_content"时,LinearLayout的实际width值则是每个子View的width值的累加值)。
2.2 WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT以及measure动机揭秘子View地宽高实际值 ,即child.getMeasuredWidth()值得返回最终会是一个确定值? 难道WRAP_CONTENT(其值为-2) 、MATCH_PARENT(值为-1)或者说一个具体值(an exactly size > 0)。前面我们说过,View最终“测量”值的确定是有三个部分组成地:
①、父View的MeasureSpec属性;
②、子View的LayoutParams属性 ;
③、setMeasuredDimension()或者其它类似设定 mMeasuredWidth 和 mMeasuredHeight 值的方法。
因此,一个View必须以某种合适地方法确定它地最终大小。例如,如下自定义View:
01.//自定义View 02.public Class MyView extends View { 03. 04. //针对不同地mode值,设置本View地大小 05. protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec){ 06. //获得父View传递给我们地测量需求 07. int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec); 08. int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec); 09. 10. int width = 0 ; 11. int height = 0 ; 12. //对UNSPECIFIED 则抛出异常 13. if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED || heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) 14. throw new RuntimeException("widthMode or heightMode cannot be UNSPECIFIED"); 15. 16. //精确指定 17. if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){ 18. width = 100 ; 19. } 20. //模糊指定 21. else if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST ) 22. width = 50 ; 23. 24. //精确指定 25. if(heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){ 26. height = 100 ; 27. } 28. //模糊指定 29. else if(heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST ) 30. height = 50 ; 31. 32. setMeasuredDimension(width , height) ; 33. } 34.} |
该自定义View重写了onMeasure()方法,根据传递过来的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec简单设置了该View的mMeasuredWidth 和 mMeasuredHeight值。
对于TextView而言,如果它地mode不是Exactly类型 , 它会根据一些属性,例如:android:textStyle、android:textSizeandroid:typeface等去确定TextView类地需要占用地长和宽。
因此,如果你地自定义View必须手动对不同mode做出处理。否则,则是mode对你而言是无效的。
Android框架中提供地一系列View/ViewGroup都需要去进行这个measure()过程地 ,因为在layout()过程中,父View需要调用getMeasuredWidth()或getMeasuredHeight()去为每个子View设置他们地布局坐标,只有确定布局坐标后,才能真正地将该View 绘制(draw)出来,否则该View的layout大小为0,得不到期望效果。我们继续看看LinearLayout的layout布局过程:
01.public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup { 02. ... 03. @Override //layout 过程 04. protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) { 05. //假定是垂直方向布局 06. if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) { 07. layoutVertical(); 08. } else { 09. layoutHorizontal(); 10. } 11. } 12. //对每个子View调用layout过程 13. void layoutVertical() { 14. ... 15. final int count = getVirtualChildCount(); 16. ... 17. for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { 18. final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i); 19. if (child == null) { //一般为非null 20. childTop += measureNullChild(i); 21. } else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) { 22. //获得子View测量时的实际宽高值, 23. final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth(); 24. final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight(); 25. 26. ... 27. // 封装了child.layout()方法,见如下 28. setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child), 29. childWidth, childHeight); 30. childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child); 31. 32. i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i); 33. } 34. } 35. } 36. //width = getMeasuredWidth() ; height = childHeight(); View的大小就是测量大小 37. private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) { 38. 39. child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height); 40. } 41. ... 42.} |
对一个View进行measure操作地主要目的就是为了确定该View地布局大小,见上面所示代码。但measure操作通常是耗时的,因此对自定义ViewGroup而言,我们可以自由控制measure、layout过程,如果我们知道如何layout一个View,我们可以跳过该ViewGroup地measure操作(onMeasure()方法中measure所有子View地),直接去layout
在前面一篇博客<<Android中滑屏初探 ---- scrollTo 以及 scrollBy方法使用说明>>中,我们自定义了一个 ViewGroup, 并且重写了onMeasure()和onLayout()方法去分别操作每个View。就该ViewGroup而言,我们只需要重写onLayout()操作即可,因为我们知道如何layout每个子View。如下代码所示:
01.//自定义ViewGroup , 包含了三个LinearLayout控件,存放在不同的布局位置 02.public class MultiViewGroup extends ViewGroup { 03. private void init() { 04. // 初始化3个 LinearLayout控件 05. LinearLayout oneLL = new LinearLayout(mContext); 06. oneLL.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED); 07. addView(oneLL); 08. ... 09. } 10. @Override 11. // 我们知晓每个子View的layout布局大小,因此我们不需要为每个子View进行measure()操作了。 12.// protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { 13.// setMeasuredDimension(width, height); 14.// // 设置该ViewGroup的大小 15.// int width = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec); 16.// int height = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec); 17.// int childCount = getChildCount(); 18.// for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { 19.// View child = getChildAt(i); 20.// // 设置每个子视图的大小 , 即全屏 21.// child.measure(MultiScreenActivity.screenWidth, MultiScreenActivity.scrrenHeight); 22.// } 23. } 24. 25. // layout过程 26. @Override 27. protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) { 28. // TODO Auto-generated method stub 29. Log.i(TAG, "--- start onLayout --"); 30. int startLeft = 0; // 每个子视图的起始布局坐标 31. int startTop = 10; // 间距设置为10px 相当于 android:marginTop= "10px" 32. int childCount = getChildCount(); 33. Log.i(TAG, "--- onLayout childCount is -->" + childCount); 34. for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { 35. View child = getChildAt(i); 36. child.layout(startLeft, startTop, 37. startLeft + MultiScreenActivity.screenWidth, 38. startTop + MultiScreenActivity.scrrenHeight); 39. startLeft = startLeft + MultiScreenActivity.screenWidth ; //校准每个子View的起始布局位置 40. //三个子视图的在屏幕中的分布如下 [0 , 320] / [320,640] / [640,960] 41. } 42. } 43.} |
3、root View被添加至窗口时,UI框架是如何设置其LayoutParams值
老子道德经有言:“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物。” UI绘制也就是个递归过程。理解其基本架构后,也就“掌握了一个中心点”了。在第一节中,我们没有说明开始UI绘制时 ,没有说明mView.measure()参数地由来,参数也就是我们本节需要弄懂的“道” --- root View的 widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec 是如何确定的。
对于如下布局文件: main.xml
01.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 02.<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 03. android:orientation="vertical" 04. android:layout_width="fill_parent" 05. android:layout_height="fill_parent" 06. > 07.<TextView 08. android:layout_width="fill_parent" 09. android:layout_height="wrap_content" 10. android:text="@string/hello" 11. /> 12.</LinearLayout> |
当使用LayoutInflater类解析成View时 ,LinearLayout对象的LayoutParams参数为null 。具体原因请参考上篇博文
任何一个View被添加至窗口时,都需要利用WindowManager类去操作。例如,如下代码:
01.//显示一个悬浮窗吧 , just so so 02.public void showView() 03.{ 04. //解析布局文件 05. LayoutInflater layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); 06. //rootView对应地LayoutParams属性值为null,将会在UI绘制时设定其值 07. View rootView = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.main, null); 08. 09. WindowManager windowManager = (WindowManager)getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE); 10. //设置WindowManager.LayoutParams参数值,作为该窗口的各种属性 11. WindowManager.LayoutParams winparams = WindowManager.LayoutParams(); 12. // 以屏幕左上角为原点,设置x、y初始值 13. winparams.x = 0; 14. winparams.y = 0; 15. 16. //设置悬浮窗口长宽数据 17. winparams.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;; 18. winparams.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;; 19. 20. windowManager.addView(rootView, winparams); 21.} |
下面,我们从获得WindowManager对象引用开始,一步步观察addView()做了一些什么事情。
Step 1 、获得WindowManager对象服务 ,具体实现类在ContextImpl.java内中
路径: /frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java
01.@Override 02.public Object getSystemService(String name) { 03. if (WINDOW_SERVICE.equals(name)) { 04. return WindowManagerImpl.getDefault(); 05. } 06. ... 07.} |
WindowManager是个接口,具体返回对象则是WindowManagerImpl的单例对象。
Step 2 、 获得WindowManagerImpl的单例对象,以及部分源码分析
路径: /frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/WindowManagerImpl.java
01.public class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager{ 02. 03. public static WindowManagerImpl getDefault() 04. { 05. return mWindowManager; 06. } 07. //以特定Window属性添加一个窗口 08. public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) 09. { 10. addView(view, params, false); 11. } 12. //参数nest表示该窗口是不是一个字窗口 13. private void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params, boolean nest) 14. { ... 15. final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params; 16. 17. ViewRoot root; 18. View panelParentView = null; //该子窗口对应地父窗口View 19. 20. synchronized (this) { 21. 22. ...//需要对传递过来地参数进行检测... 23. 24. //对每个窗口皆构建一个ViewRoot对象 25. root = new ViewRoot(view.getContext()); 26. root.mAddNesting = 1; 27. //设置root View 的LayoutParams为wparams,即WindowManager.LayoutParams类型 28. view.setLayoutParams(wparams); 29. ...//对参数检测,以及拷贝原有数组... 30. 31. //将窗口对应地view、root、wparams保存在属性集合中 32. mViews[index] = view; 33. mRoots[index] = root; 34. mParams[index] = wparams; 35. } 36. // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things 37. // 调用ViewRoot对象去通知系统添加一个窗口 38. root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView); 39. } 40. ... 41. //这三个数组分别保存了一个窗口对应地属性 42. private View[] mViews; //root View对象 , View类型 43. private ViewRoot[] mRoots; //ViewRoot类型 , 与WMS通信 44. private WindowManager.LayoutParams[] mParams; //窗口属性 45. 46. //WindowManagerImpl实现了单例模式 47. private static WindowManagerImpl mWindowManager = new WindowManagerImpl(); 48.} |
WindowManagerImpl类的三个数组集合保存了每个窗口相关属性,这样我们可以通过这些属性去操作特定的窗口(例如,可以根据View去更新/销毁该窗口)。当参数检查成功时,构建一个ViewRoot对象,并且设置设置root View 的LayoutParams为wparams,即WindowManager.LayoutParams类型。最后调用root.setView()方法去通知系统需要创建该窗口。我们接下来往下看看ViewRoot类相关操作。
Step 3、
01.public final class ViewRoot extends Handler implements ViewParent,View.AttachInfo.Callbacks { 02. 03. View mView; //所有窗口地root View 04. final WindowManager.LayoutParams mWindowAttributes = new WindowManager.LayoutParams(); 05. 06. ... 07. /** 08. * We have one child 09. */ 10. public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, 11. View panelParentView) { 12. synchronized (this) { 13. if (mView == null) { 14. mView = view; 15. mWindowAttributes.copyFrom(attrs); //保存WindowManager.LayoutParams属性值 16. attrs = mWindowAttributes; 17. ... 18. 19. mAdded = true; 20. int res; /* = WindowManagerImpl.ADD_OKAY; */ 21. 22. // Schedule the first layout -before- adding to the window 23. // manager, to make sure we do the relayout before receiving 24. // any other events from the system. 25. requestLayout(); //请求UI开始绘制。 26. mInputChannel = new InputChannel(); //创建一个InputChannel对象,接受消息 27. try { 28. //通知WindowManagerService添加一个窗口 29. res = sWindowSession.add(mWindow, mWindowAttributes, 30. getHostVisibility(), mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, 31. mInputChannel); 32. } 33. ... 34. view.assignParent(this); //将root View的父View设置为该ViewRoot对象(实现了ViewParent接口) 35. ... 36. } 37. } 38. } 39.} |
说明:ViewRoot类继承了Handler,实现了ViewParent接口
setView()方法地主要功能如下:
我们这儿重点关注 requestLayout()方法请求UI绘制地流程。
Step 4、异步调用请求UI绘制
01./** 02. * {@inheritDoc} 03. */ 04.public void requestLayout() { 05. checkThread(); //检查是不是UI线程调用,如果不是UI线程,会报异常 06. mLayoutRequested = true; //置为真,表示需要进行measure和layout过程 07. scheduleTraversals(); 08.} 09.//开始UI绘制流程 10.public void scheduleTraversals() { 11. if (!mTraversalScheduled) { 12. mTraversalScheduled = true; //防止多次调用 13. sendEmptyMessage(DO_TRAVERSAL); //异步请求UI绘制 14. } 15.} 16.@Override 17.public void handleMessage(Message msg) { 18. switch (msg.what) { 19. case DO_TRAVERSAL: 20. performTraversals(); //开始UI绘制 21. break; 22. } 23.} |
由于performTraversals()方法比较复杂,我们侧重于第一次设置root View的widhtSpecSize以及
heightSpecSize值。
01.private void performTraversals() { 02. // cache mView since it is used so much below... 03. final View host = mView; 04. 05. mTraversalScheduled = false; 06. boolean surfaceChanged = false; 07. WindowManager.LayoutParams lp = mWindowAttributes; 08. 09. int desiredWindowWidth; //表示该窗口期望width值 10. int desiredWindowHeight; //表示该窗口期望width值 11. int childWidthMeasureSpec; //保存root View的widthMeasureSpec 12. int childHeightMeasureSpec; //保存root View的heightMeasureSpec 13. 14. final View.AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo; 15. 16. final int viewVisibility = getHostVisibility(); 17. boolean viewVisibilityChanged = mViewVisibility != viewVisibility 18. || mNewSurfaceNeeded; 19. 20. float appScale = mAttachInfo.mApplicationScale; 21. 22. WindowManager.LayoutParams params = null; 23. if (mWindowAttributesChanged) { 24. mWindowAttributesChanged = false; 25. surfaceChanged = true; 26. params = lp; 27. } 28. Rect frame = mWinFrame; 29. if (mFirst) { //mFirst表示是否是第一次绘制该Window 30. fullRedrawNeeded = true; 31. mLayoutRequested = true; 32. 33. DisplayMetrics packageMetrics = 34. mView.getContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics(); 35. //第一次绘制时desiredWindowWidth,desiredWindowHeight 值大小为屏幕大小 36. desiredWindowWidth = packageMetrics.widthPixels; 37. desiredWindowHeight = packageMetrics.heightPixels; 38. ... 39. } else { //不是第一次绘制,则desiredWindowWidth值为frame保存大小,frame值会由WMS填充 40. desiredWindowWidth = frame.width(); 41. desiredWindowHeight = frame.height(); 42. ... 43. } 44. ... 45. boolean insetsChanged = false; 46. 47. if (mLayoutRequested) { 48. ...//获得root View的widthMeasureSpec 和 heightMeasureSpec值 49. childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width); 50. childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height); 51. //开始measure过程 52. host.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); 53. } 54. ... 55. final boolean didLayout = mLayoutRequested; 56. 57. boolean triggerGlobalLayoutListener = didLayout 58. || attachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes; 59. if (didLayout) { 60. ... //layout过程 61. host.layout(0, 0, host.mMeasuredWidth, host.mMeasuredHeight); 62. ... 63. } 64. ... 65. if (!cancelDraw && !newSurface) { 66. mFullRedrawNeeded = false; 67. draw(fullRedrawNeeded); 68. ... 69.} |
01./** 02. * @param windowSize The available width or height of the window 03. * 04. * @param rootDimension The layout params for one dimension (width or height) of the window. 05. */ 06. private int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) { 07. int measureSpec; 08. switch (rootDimension) { 09. case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT: 10. // Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize. 11. measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY); 12. break; 13. case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT: 14. // Window can resize. Set max size for root view. 15. measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST); 16. break; 17. default: 18. // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size. 19. measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY); 20. break; 21. } 22. return measureSpec; 23. } |
调用root View的measure()方法时,其参数是由getRootMeasureSpec()设置的,基本思路同我们前面描述的
差不多。贴出来的代码只是简简单单列出了measure 、layout 、 draw 过程的调用点,里面有很多逻辑处理。