oracle 11g 更改sid和dbname oracle 11g 数据库改名
环境：
Windows XP +VM 7.1.3 + Red hat linux enterprise 5.5 + Oracle 11g2
安装好的oracle 11g2改默认sid orcl 和默认数据库名ORCL
分两个阶段描述，第一阶段改sid，第二阶段改dbname
下面描述详细步骤
第一阶段：改sid
1、登录数据库查看先前的sid，总共三步，大家看的懂得，不懂得跟帖提问。
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 16:51:35 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes Fixed Size 1337748 bytes Variable Size 360711788 bytes Database Buffers 171966464 bytes Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> select instance from v$thread ; INSTANCE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- orcl
2、关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
3、编辑/etc/oratab文件，把所有orcl换成nihao，大部分情况其实就一条。----这几步不需要管的。
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /etc/oratab
4、更改oracle用户的 .bash_profile文件
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile
5、使改好的.bash_profile文件生效
[oracle@localhost ~]$ . .bash_profile
7、查看系统环境变量
[oracle@localhost ~]$ env |grep ORACLE ORACLE_UNQNAME=nihao ORACLE_SID=nihao ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
效果一生成。
8、进入$ORACLE_HOME/dbs查看目录，看那些有orcl
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [oracle@localhost dbs]$ ll 总计 24 -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 10-01 16:55 hc_orcl.dat -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 2009-05-15 init.ora -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 09-28 20:57 lkORCL -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 09-29 09:42 orapworcl drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 09-28 20:55 peshm_orcl_0 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 10-01 16:53 spfileorcl.ora
9、更改文件名orcr>> nihao，ORCL>>NIHAO，命令如下：
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv hc_orcl.dat hc_nihao.dat [oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwnihao [oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv lkORCL lkNIHAO [oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv peshm_orcl_0/ peshm_nihao_0/ [oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfilenihao.ora
10、重行生成密码文件，并查看
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=sys entries=5 force=y [oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls -lrt orap* -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 10-01 17:02 orapwnihao
11、登录数据库，并查看实例名字，结果表明sid已由orcl变成nihao了
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 17:03:25 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes Fixed Size 1337748 bytes Variable Size 327157356 bytes Database Buffers 205520896 bytes Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> select instance from v$thread 2 ; INSTANCE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nihao
不用退出登录，接着开始第二部分，更改数据库名dbname
2.1备份控制文件
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs; Database altered.
2.2关闭并退出数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
2.3 orcale 11.2g的控制文件的备份目录为
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/nihao/nihao/trace
[oracle@localhost trace]$ ls -lrt 总计 80 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 256 10-01 17:03 nihao_ora_5286.trm -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 14393 10-01 17:03 nihao_ora_5286.trc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 68 10-01 17:03 nihao_mman_5334.trm -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 852 10-01 17:03 nihao_mman_5334.trc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 61 10-01 17:03 nihao_cjq0_5437.trm -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 993 10-01 17:03 nihao_cjq0_5437.trc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 82 10-01 17:04 nihao_dbrm_5328.trm -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1172 10-01 17:04 nihao_dbrm_5328.trc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 90 10-01 17:05 nihao_vktm_5320.trm -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1233 10-01 17:05 nihao_vktm_5320.trc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 72 10-01 17:05 nihao_vkrm_5439.trm -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 996 10-01 17:05 nihao_vkrm_5439.trc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 174 10-01 17:05 nihao_ora_5419.trm -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5894 10-01 17:05 nihao_ora_5419.trc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5969 10-01 17:05 alert_nihao.log [oracle@localhost trace]$ vim alert_nihao.log
可以在 alter_nihao.log里找到contolfile的备份trc，sid_ora_nnnn.trc 最新的一个就是。
alter_nihao.log里面有这样一行字样，告诉你哪个是控制备份文件
Backup controlfile written to trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/nihao/trace/nihao_ora_5419.trc
2.5复制一份
[oracle@localhost trace]$ cp nihao_ora_5419.trc nihao.sql
2.6编辑 nihao.sql,也就是nihao_ora_5419.trc的复制品。
1）查找STARTUP NOMOUNT语句，将这一行上面的所有行都删除
2）查找所有以--开始的行，把这些行删除
3）查找所有的orcl修改为nihao，所有的ORCL修改为NIHAO
4）找到CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE...语句，将其中的REUSE修改为SET
5）找到RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE语句，将其用双横线（--）注释掉
结果如下：
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "NIHAO" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/nihao/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/nihao/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/nihao/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/nihao/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/nihao/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/nihao/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/nihao/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/nihao/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
--RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/nihao/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
2.7生成配置文件
[oracle@localhost trace]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 17:12:48 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> create pfile='?/dbs/initnihao.ora' from spfile; File created. SQL> exit Disconnected
2.8目录更改，这里和oracle 10g不一样，要注意。
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ [oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product [oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/ [oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls orcl ORCL [oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv orcl/ nihao/ [oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv ORCL/ NIHAO/ [oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd .. [oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product [oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd oradata/ [oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls orcl [oracle@localhost oradata]$ mv orcl/ nihao/ [oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls nihao [oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd .. [oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product [oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd diag/ [oracle@localhost diag]$ ls rdbms tnslsnr [oracle@localhost diag]$ cd rdbms/ [oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls orcl [oracle@localhost rdbms]$ mv orcl/ nihao/ [oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls nihao [oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd nihao [oracle@localhost nihao]$ ls i_1.mif nihao orcl [oracle@localhost nihao]$ cd .. [oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd .. [oracle@localhost diag]$ ls rdbms tnslsnr [oracle@localhost diag]$ cd .. [oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd admin/ [oracle@localhost admin]$ ls orcl [oracle@localhost admin]$ cd orcl/ [oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls adump dpdump pfile [oracle@localhost orcl]$ cd .. [oracle@localhost admin]$ mv orcl/ nihao/ [oracle@localhost admin]$ ls nihao [oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 17:18:02 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL>
2.9删除的控制文件。
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd nihao/ [oracle@localhost nihao]$ ls control01.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf [oracle@localhost nihao]$ mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.aaa [oracle@localhost nihao]$ ls control01.ctl.aaa redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf [oracle@localhost nihao]$ cd .. [oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls nihao [oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd.. bash: cd..: command not found [oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd .. [oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product [oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/ [oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls nihao NIHAO [oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd nihao/ [oracle@localhost nihao]$ ls control02.ctl [oracle@localhost nihao]$ mv control02.ctl control02.ctl.aaa
2.10登录oracle生成spfile文件
[oracle@localhost nihao]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 17:23:34 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> create spfile from pfile='?/dbs/initnihao.ora'; File created.
2.11调用前面步骤修改好的nihao.sql，目的是生成链接控制文件等
SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/nihao/nihao/trace/nihao.sql ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes Fixed Size 1337748 bytes Variable Size 327157356 bytes Database Buffers 205520896 bytes Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes Control file created. Database altered. Tablespace altered.
2.12查看结果
SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE -------------------- READ WRITE SQL> show parameter name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string db_name string nihao db_unique_name string nihao global_names boolean FALSE instance_name string nihao lock_name_space string log_file_name_convert string service_names string nihao.localdomain SQL> select name from v$database; NAME --------- NIHAO SQL>
上表明更改成功。