linux下apache和tomcat集群配置

原文 : http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/155502817.html







环境:



操作系统均为:CentOS 5.1 



Apache2.X服务器一台:IP地址192.168.232.4;安装路径/usr/local/apache; 



Tomcat6服务器一台:IP地址192.168.232.5;安装路径/usr/local/tomcat; 



Tomcat6服务器一台:IP地址192.168.232.6;安装路径/usr/local/tomcat;



 



配置:



Apache安装:



#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-modules=so --enable-mods-shared=all


 --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-connect --enable-proxy-ftp


 --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer --enable-rewrite



注释:激活tomcat集群需要的 enable-proxy,enable-proxy-http,enable-proxy-connect,


enable-proxy-ajp和enable-proxy-balancer,其中proxy-ajp和proxy-balancer必须依赖proxy,


如果是自定义的编译除了以上几个必须的模块外,mod_status(--enable-status)也要编译进去,切记。enable-proxy-ftp可以不编译。



注释: 在LAMP中,apache再打开 --enable-rewrite



#make;make install



 



制作Apache启动项:



#cp support/apachectl /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd



#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd



添加以下内容:(包括#号)



# Startup script for the Apache Web Server



# chkconfig: 2345 85 15



# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server .It is used to server



# HTML files and CGI.



# processname: httpd



# pidfile: /usr/local/apache/log/httpd.pid



# config: /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf



增加服务项



#chkconfig --add httpd



#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd



#chkconfig --level 345 httpd on



 



JDK安装:



#chmod a+x jdk-6u4-linux-i586-rpm.bin



#./jdk-6u4-linux-i586-rpm.bin



 



JAVA环境变量设置:



#vi /etc/profile



在文件最后添加以下内容:



JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_04



CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar



PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH



CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat



export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH CATALINA_HOME 



执行如下命令使环境变量生效:



source /etc/profile



测试配置是否成功:



java –version



 



Tomcat安装:



#wget [url]http://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.16/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz


[/url]



#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz



#mv apache-tomcat-6.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat



 



Tomcat随机启动:



#vi /etc/rc.local



添加以下内容:



/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh



 



tomcat6配置文件server.xml:



把



<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :



<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">



-->



<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">



改成



 



<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :



-->



<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcatX">



<!-- 



<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">



-->



说明:



第一台tomcat就把jvmRoute="tomcat1"



第二台tomcat就把jvmRoute="tomcat2"



 



把



<!--



<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>



-->



去掉注释变为



<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>



***群集详细配置***



<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"



channelSendOptions="8">



 



<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"



expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"



notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>



 



<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">



<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"



address="228.0.0.4"



port="45564"



frequency="500"



dropTime="3000"/>



<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"



address="auto"



port="4000"



autoBind="100"



selectorTimeout="5000"



maxThreads="6"/>



 



<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">



<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>



</Sender>



<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>



<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>



</Channel>



 



<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"



filter=""/>



<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>



 



<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"



tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"



deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"



watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"



watchEnabled="false"/>



 



<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>



<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>



</Cluster>



 



配置应用的web.xml:



在每个webapps应用中,修改配置文件web.xml文件 添加元素<distributable/> 



在web.xml文件中<web-app>元素下增加以下内容: 



<!--此应用将与群集服务器复制Session--> 



<distributable/> 



具体修改如下: 



修改前: 



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 



<web-app xmlns="[url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee


[/url]" 



xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance


" 



xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee


 [url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd


[/url]" 



version="2.5"> 



</web-app> 



修改后: 



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 



<web-app xmlns="[url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee


[/url]" 



xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance


" 



xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee


 [url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd


[/url]" 



version="2.5"> 



<!--此应用将与群集服务器复制Session--> 



<distributable/> 



</web-app>



配置apache的ajp负载均衡功能:



确保将以下Module的注释去掉



LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so 



LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so 



LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so 



LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so 



LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so 



LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so 



LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so



增加以下内容:



# Proxypass Config



Include conf/extra/httpd-modproxy.conf



建立文件httpd-modproxy.conf输入内容:



<Location /server-status> 



SetHandler server-status 



Order Deny,Allow 



Deny from all 



Allow from all 



</Location> 



<Location /balancer-manager> 



SetHandler balancer-manager 



Order Deny,Allow 



Deny from all 



Allow from all 



</Location> 



ProxyRequests Off 



ProxyPass / balancer://tomcatcluster stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On



 



<Proxy balancer://tomcatcluster> 



BalancerMember [url]http://192.168.232.5:8080


[/url] loadfactor=1 



BalancerMember [url]http://192.168.232.6:8080


[/url] loadfactor=2 



</Proxy>



注释:



ProxyRequests Off 表示启用反向代理,必须开启; 



ProxyPass为代理转发的Url,即将所有访问/的请求转发到群集balancer://tomcatcluster,这里为/即将所有访问/的请求转发到


群集balancer://tomcatcluster的/test目录; 


BalancerMember为群集的成员,即群集服务器1或2,负载均衡服务器会根据均衡规则来将请求转发给BalancerMember;



 



调试负载均衡集群系统:



访问apache服务器的web服务:[url]http://192.168.232.4/balancer-manager


[/url]



如果显示负载均衡有关信息则说明成功了,接着可以访问[url]http://192.168.232.4/


[/url]即访问到了tomcat的应用



***必须先启动Tomcat服务再启动Apache服务!***



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