数字音乐均衡器

很多音乐播放软件都有均衡器,例如千千静听的数字均衡器效果如下:

这是一个10段均衡器。

 

均衡器实际上就是一组带通滤波器。对于学过数字信号处理的人,要设计这样一组滤波器并不是什么难事情。

这里我做了一个简单的均衡器,这个均衡器只有3段,即对低频,中频和高频进行调整。

 

1. 均衡器相关结构定义如下:

 1 typedef struct
 2 {  3   // Filter #1 (Low band)
 4 
 5   double  lf;       // Frequency
 6   double  f1p0;     // Poles ...
 7   double f1p1;  8   double f1p2;  9   double f1p3; 10 
11   // Filter #2 (High band)
12 
13   double  hf;       // Frequency
14   double  f2p0;     // Poles ...
15   double f2p1; 16   double f2p2; 17   double f2p3; 18 
19   // Sample history buffer
20 
21   double  sdm1;     // Sample data minus 1
22   double  sdm2;     // 2
23   double  sdm3;     // 3 24 
25   // Gain Controls
26 
27   double  lg;       // low gain
28   double  mg;       // mid gain
29   double  hg;       // high gain
30   
31 } EQSTATE;  

2. 初始化均衡器的状态

 1 void init_3band_state(EQSTATE* es, int lowfreq, int highfreq, int sample_rate)  2 {  3   // Clear state 
 4 
 5   memset(es,0,sizeof(EQSTATE));  6 
 7   // Set Low/Mid/High gains to unity
 8 
 9   es->lg = 1.0; 10   es->mg = 1.0; 11   es->hg = 1.0; 12 
13   // Calculate filter cutoff frequencies
14 
15   es->lf = 2 * sin(M_PI * ((double)lowfreq / (double)sample_rate)); 16   es->hf = 2 * sin(M_PI * ((double)highfreq / (double)sample_rate)); 17 }

3. 执行滤波的过程

 1 double do_3band(EQSTATE* es, double sample)  2 {  3   // Locals
 4 
 5   double  l,m,h;      // Low / Mid / High - Sample Values  6 
 7   // Filter #1 (lowpass)
 8 
 9   es->f1p0  += (es->lf * (sample   - es->f1p0)) + vsa; 10   es->f1p1  += (es->lf * (es->f1p0 - es->f1p1)); 11   es->f1p2  += (es->lf * (es->f1p1 - es->f1p2)); 12   es->f1p3  += (es->lf * (es->f1p2 - es->f1p3)); 13 
14   l          = es->f1p3; 15 
16   // Filter #2 (highpass)
17   
18   es->f2p0  += (es->hf * (sample   - es->f2p0)) + vsa; 19   es->f2p1  += (es->hf * (es->f2p0 - es->f2p1)); 20   es->f2p2  += (es->hf * (es->f2p1 - es->f2p2)); 21   es->f2p3  += (es->hf * (es->f2p2 - es->f2p3)); 22 
23   h          = es->sdm3 - es->f2p3; 24 
25   // Calculate midrange (signal - (low + high))
26 
27   m          = es->sdm3 - (h + l); 28 
29   // Scale, Combine and store
30 
31   l         *= es->lg; 32   m         *= es->mg; 33   h         *= es->hg; 34 
35   // Shuffle history buffer 
36 
37   es->sdm3   = es->sdm2; 38   es->sdm2   = es->sdm1; 39   es->sdm1   = sample; 40 
41   // Return result
42 
43   return(l + m + h); 44 }

其中,变量 vsa 是一个很小很小的常数,也可以不加。

4. 使用上述代码。

4.1 定义一个均衡器的全局变量:

      

EQSTATE eq;

4.2 初始化均衡器,假定采样率为48k:

set_3band_state(eq,880,5000,48000);

这样,你的均衡器的频段如下:

low band = 0Hz to 880Hz
mid band = 880Hz to 5000Hz
high band = 5000Hz to 24000Hz

4.3 设定提升参数:

1 eq.lg = 1.5; // Boost bass by 50%
2 eq.mg = 0.75; // Cut mid by 25%
3 eq.hg = 1.0; // Leave high band alone 

4.4 对每一个PCM样本,执行计算过程:

out_sample = do_3band(eq,in_sample);

 

上述代码仅仅是个很简单的均衡器。

在本人的项目当中,实现了更加精确高效的可商用均衡器,包括支持常用的采样率,更多高达31段的数字均衡器,并且可方便移植到任何嵌入式设备上的完整解决方案。

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