浅谈Android系统开发中LOG的使用

转自 http://blog.csdn.net/luoshengyang/article/details/6581828

 在程序开发过程中,LOG是广泛使用的用来记录程序执行过程的机制,它既可以用于程序调试,也可以用于产品运营中的事件记录。在Android系统中,提供了简单、便利的LOG机制,开发人员可以方便地使用。在这一篇文章中,我们简单介绍在Android内核空间和用户空间中LOG的使用和查看方法。

一. 内核开发时LOG的使用。Android内核是基于Linux Kerne 2.36的,因此,Linux Kernel的LOG机制同样适合于Android内核,它就是有名的printk,与C语言的printf齐名。与printf类似,printk提供格式化输入功能,同时,它也具有所有LOG机制的特点--提供日志级别过虑功能。printk提供了8种日志级别(<linux/kernel.h>):

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  1. #define KERN_EMERG "<0>" /* system is unusable */
  2. #define KERN_ALERT "<1>" /* action must be taken immediately */
  3. #define KERN_CRIT "<2>" /* critical conditions */
  4. #deinfe KERN_ERR "<3>" /* error conditions */
  5. #deinfe KERN_WARNING "<4>" /* warning conditions */
  6. #deinfe KERN_NOTICE "<5>" /* normal but significant condition */
  7. #deinfe KERN_INFO "<6>" /* informational */
  8. #deinfe KERN_DEBUG "<7>" /* debug-level messages */
#define KERN_EMERG "<0>" /* system is unusable */ #define KERN_ALERT "<1>" /* action must be taken immediately */ #define KERN_CRIT "<2>" /* critical conditions */ #deinfe KERN_ERR "<3>" /* error conditions */ #deinfe KERN_WARNING "<4>" /* warning conditions */ #deinfe KERN_NOTICE "<5>" /* normal but significant condition */ #deinfe KERN_INFO "<6>" /* informational */ #deinfe KERN_DEBUG "<7>" /* debug-level messages */ printk的使用方法:

printk(KERN_ALERT"This is the log printed by printk in linux kernel space.");

KERN_ALERT表示日志级别,后面紧跟着要格式化字符串。

在Android系统中,printk输出的日志信息保存在/proc/kmsg中,要查看/proc/kmsg的内容,参照在Ubuntu上下载、编译和安装Android最新内核源代码(Linux Kernel)一文,在后台中运行模拟器:

USER-NAME@MACHINE-NAME:~/Android$ emulator &

启动adb shell工具:

USER-NAME@MACHINE-NAME:~/Android$ adb shell

查看/proc/kmsg文件:

root@android:/ # cat /proc/kmsg

二. 用户空间程序开发时LOG的使用。Android系统在用户空间中提供了轻量级的logger日志系统,它是在内核中实现的一种设备驱动,与用户空间的logcat工具配合使用能够方便地跟踪调试程序。在Android系统中,分别为C/C++ 和Java语言提供两种不同的logger访问接口。C/C++日志接口一般是在编写硬件抽象层模块或者编写JNI方法时使用,而Java接口一般是在应用层编写APP时使用。

Android系统中的C/C++日志接口是通过宏来使用的。在system/core/include/android/log.h定义了日志的级别:

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  1. /*
  2. * Android log priority values, in ascending priority order.
  3. */
  4. typedef enum android_LogPriority {
  5. ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN = 0,
  6. ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT, /* only for SetMinPriority() */
  7. ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE,
  8. ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG,
  9. ANDROID_LOG_INFO,
  10. ANDROID_LOG_WARN,
  11. ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,
  12. ANDROID_LOG_FATAL,
  13. ANDROID_LOG_SILENT, /* only for SetMinPriority(); must be last */
  14. } android_LogPriority;
/* * Android log priority values, in ascending priority order. */ typedef enum android_LogPriority { ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN = 0, ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT, /* only for SetMinPriority() */ ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, ANDROID_LOG_SILENT, /* only for SetMinPriority(); must be last */ } android_LogPriority; 在system/core/include/cutils/log.h中,定义了对应的宏,如对应于ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE的宏LOGV:

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  1. /*
  2. * This is the local tag used for the following simplified
  3. * logging macros. You can change this preprocessor definition
  4. * before using the other macros to change the tag.
  5. */
  6. #ifndef LOG_TAG
  7. #define LOG_TAG NULL
  8. #endif
  9. /*
  10. * Simplified macro to send a verbose log message using the current LOG_TAG.
  11. */
  12. #ifndef LOGV
  13. #if LOG_NDEBUG
  14. #define LOGV(...) ((void)0)
  15. #else
  16. #define LOGV(...) ((void)LOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
  17. #endif
  18. #endif
  19. /*
  20. * Basic log message macro.
  21. *
  22. * Example:
  23. * LOG(LOG_WARN, NULL, "Failed with error %d", errno);
  24. *
  25. * The second argument may be NULL or "" to indicate the "global" tag.
  26. */
  27. #ifndef LOG
  28. #define LOG(priority, tag, ...) \
  29. LOG_PRI(ANDROID_##priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
  30. #endif
  31. /*
  32. * Log macro that allows you to specify a number for priority.
  33. */
  34. #ifndef LOG_PRI
  35. #define LOG_PRI(priority, tag, ...) \
  36. android_printLog(priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
  37. #endif
  38. /*
  39. * ================================================================
  40. *
  41. * The stuff in the rest of this file should not be used directly.
  42. */
  43. #define android_printLog(prio, tag, fmt...) \
  44. __android_log_print(prio, tag, fmt)
/* * This is the local tag used for the following simplified * logging macros. You can change this preprocessor definition * before using the other macros to change the tag. */ #ifndef LOG_TAG #define LOG_TAG NULL #endif /* * Simplified macro to send a verbose log message using the current LOG_TAG. */ #ifndef LOGV #if LOG_NDEBUG #define LOGV(...) ((void)0) #else #define LOGV(...) ((void)LOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) #endif #endif /* * Basic log message macro. * * Example: * LOG(LOG_WARN, NULL, "Failed with error %d", errno); * * The second argument may be NULL or "" to indicate the "global" tag. */ #ifndef LOG #define LOG(priority, tag, ...) \ LOG_PRI(ANDROID_##priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__) #endif /* * Log macro that allows you to specify a number for priority. */ #ifndef LOG_PRI #define LOG_PRI(priority, tag, ...) \ android_printLog(priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__) #endif /* * ================================================================ * * The stuff in the rest of this file should not be used directly. */ #define android_printLog(prio, tag, fmt...) \ __android_log_print(prio, tag, fmt) 因此,如果要使用C/C++日志接口,只要定义自己的LOG_TAG宏和包含头文件system/core/include/cutils/log.h就可以了:

#define LOG_TAG "MY LOG TAG"

#include <cutils/log.h>

就可以了,例如使用LOGV:

LOGV("This is the log printed by LOGV in android user space.");

再来看Android系统中的Java日志接口。Android系统在Frameworks层中定义了Log接口(frameworks/base/core/java/android/util/Log.java):

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  1. ................................................
  2. public finalclass Log {
  3. ................................................
  4. /**
  5. * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.v.
  6. */
  7. public staticfinal int VERBOSE =2;
  8. /**
  9. * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.d.
  10. */
  11. public staticfinal int DEBUG =3;
  12. /**
  13. * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.i.
  14. */
  15. public staticfinal int INFO =4;
  16. /**
  17. * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.w.
  18. */
  19. public staticfinal int WARN =5;
  20. /**
  21. * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.e.
  22. */
  23. public staticfinal int ERROR =6;
  24. /**
  25. * Priority constant for the println method.
  26. */
  27. public staticfinal int ASSERT =7;
  28. .....................................................
  29. public staticint v(String tag, String msg) {
  30. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, VERBOSE, tag, msg);
  31. }
  32. public staticint v(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
  33. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, VERBOSE, tag, msg +'\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
  34. }
  35. public staticint d(String tag, String msg) {
  36. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, DEBUG, tag, msg);
  37. }
  38. public staticint d(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
  39. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, DEBUG, tag, msg +'\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
  40. }
  41. public staticint i(String tag, String msg) {
  42. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, INFO, tag, msg);
  43. }
  44. public staticint i(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
  45. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, INFO, tag, msg +'\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
  46. }
  47. public staticint w(String tag, String msg) {
  48. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, WARN, tag, msg);
  49. }
  50. public staticint w(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
  51. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, WARN, tag, msg +'\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
  52. }
  53. public staticint w(String tag, Throwable tr) {
  54. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, WARN, tag, getStackTraceString(tr));
  55. }
  56. public staticint e(String tag, String msg) {
  57. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, ERROR, tag, msg);
  58. }
  59. public staticint e(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
  60. return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, ERROR, tag, msg +'\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
  61. }
  62. ..................................................................
  63. /**@hide */ public staticnative int println_native(int bufID,
  64. int priority, String tag, String msg);
  65. }
................................................ public final class Log { ................................................ /** * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.v. */ public static final int VERBOSE = 2; /** * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.d. */ public static final int DEBUG = 3; /** * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.i. */ public static final int INFO = 4; /** * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.w. */ public static final int WARN = 5; /** * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.e. */ public static final int ERROR = 6; /** * Priority constant for the println method. */ public static final int ASSERT = 7; ..................................................... public static int v(String tag, String msg) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, VERBOSE, tag, msg); } public static int v(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, VERBOSE, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr)); } public static int d(String tag, String msg) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, DEBUG, tag, msg); } public static int d(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, DEBUG, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr)); } public static int i(String tag, String msg) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, INFO, tag, msg); } public static int i(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, INFO, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr)); } public static int w(String tag, String msg) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, WARN, tag, msg); } public static int w(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, WARN, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr)); } public static int w(String tag, Throwable tr) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, WARN, tag, getStackTraceString(tr)); } public static int e(String tag, String msg) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, ERROR, tag, msg); } public static int e(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, ERROR, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr)); } .................................................................. /**@hide */ public static native int println_native(int bufID, int priority, String tag, String msg); }

因此,如果要使用Java日志接口,只要在类中定义的LOG_TAG常量和引用android.util.Log就可以了:

private static final String LOG_TAG = "MY_LOG_TAG";

Log.i(LOG_TAG, "This is the log printed by Log.i in android user space.");

要查看这些LOG的输出,可以配合logcat工具。如果是在Eclipse环境下运行模拟器,并且安装了Android插件,那么,很简单,直接在Eclipse就可以查看了:

浅谈Android系统开发中LOG的使用_第1张图片

如果是在自己编译的Android源代码工程中使用,则在后台中运行模拟器:

USER-NAME@MACHINE-NAME:~/Android$ emulator &

启动adb shell工具:

USER-NAME@MACHINE-NAME:~/Android$ adb shell

使用logcat命令查看日志:

root@android:/ # logcat

这样就可以看到输出的日志了。

 

转载自 http://blog.csdn.net/luoshengyang/article/details/6581828

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