USB设备驱动之鼠标
1. 概述
USB鼠标驱动程序大致分为两大部分:USB设备驱动部分和输入设备驱动部分,USB设备驱动只起了挂接总线和传输数据的作用,而具体的设备类型的驱动仍然是工作的主体。
USB设备驱动部分:负责注册USB设备驱动,实现probe和disconnect函数,初始化驱动支持的USB鼠标设备类型表(id_table);初始化和提交URB;根据HID规范,鼠标只有一个端点(不包括端点0),且属于中断传输类型。
输入设备驱动部分:负责注册输入设备和该设备所支持的事件类型;向输入核心层上报鼠标事件。
这里有一个概念需要注意,这里的中断传输与硬件中断那个中断是不一样的,这个中断传输实际是靠USB hostcontrol轮询usb device来实现的,而USBhost control对于CPU则是基于中断的机制。拿USB鼠标为例,USB host control对USB鼠标不断请求,这个请求的间隔是很短的,端点描述符中的bInterval域中指定的,当鼠标发生过了事件之后,鼠标会发送数据回host,这时USB host control中断通知CPU,于是usb_mouse_irq被调用,在usb_mouse_irq里,就可以读取鼠标发回来的数据,当读完之后,驱动再次调用usb_submit_urb发出请求,就这么一直重复下去,一个usb鼠标的驱动也就完成了。
我们在进行硬件访问的时候,只需调用URB相关的接口,而不需要关心底层USB主机控制器的具体细节,因此,USB设备也变得与平台无关,同样的驱动可应用于不同的SOC。
2.代码分析
#include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/usb/input.h> #include <linux/hid.h> /* for apple IDs */ #ifdef CONFIG_USB_HID_MODULE #include "../hid-ids.h" #endif /* * Version Information */ #define DRIVER_VERSION "v1.6" #define DRIVER_AUTHOR "Vojtech Pavlik <[email protected]>" #define DRIVER_DESC "USB HID Boot Protocol mouse driver" #define DRIVER_LICENSE "GPL" MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR); MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC); MODULE_LICENSE(DRIVER_LICENSE); /* */ struct usb_mouse { char name[128]; char phys[64]; struct usb_device *usbdev; struct input_dev *dev; struct urb *irq; signed char *data; dma_addr_t data_dma; }; static void usb_mouse_irq(struct urb *urb) { struct usb_mouse *mouse = urb->context; /* context 指向USB驱动 程序分 配 的 数据 块*/ signed char *data = mouse->data; struct input_dev *dev = mouse->dev; int status; /* 判断传输是否成功 */ switch (urb->status) { case 0: /* success */ break; case -ECONNRESET: /* unlink */ case -ENOENT: case -ESHUTDOWN: return; /* -EPIPE: should clear the halt */ default: /* error */ goto resubmit; } /* 上报事件 */ input_report_key(dev, BTN_LEFT, data[0] & 0x01); input_report_key(dev, BTN_RIGHT, data[0] & 0x02); input_report_key(dev, BTN_MIDDLE, data[0] & 0x04); input_report_key(dev, BTN_SIDE, data[0] & 0x08); input_report_key(dev, BTN_EXTRA, data[0] & 0x10); input_report_rel(dev, REL_X, data[1]); input_report_rel(dev, REL_Y, data[2]); input_report_rel(dev, REL_WHEEL, data[3]); input_sync(dev); /* 提交下次传输 */ resubmit: status = usb_submit_urb (urb, GFP_ATOMIC); if (status) err ("can't resubmit intr, %s-%s/input0, status %d", mouse->usbdev->bus->bus_name, mouse->usbdev->devpath, status); } static int usb_mouse_open(struct input_dev *dev) { struct usb_mouse *mouse = input_get_drvdata(dev); mouse->irq->dev = mouse->usbdev; /* 向USB核心层提交URB */ if (usb_submit_urb(mouse->irq, GFP_KERNEL)) return -EIO; return 0; } static void usb_mouse_close(struct input_dev *dev) { struct usb_mouse *mouse = input_get_drvdata(dev); usb_kill_urb(mouse->irq); } /* USB设备与驱动匹配上时调用 */ static int usb_mouse_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *id) { /* 设备描述 usb_device */ /* 接口描述 usb_interface */ struct usb_device *dev = interface_to_usbdev(intf); /* 接口设置描述 */ struct usb_host_interface *interface; /* 端点描述符 */ struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint; struct usb_mouse *mouse; struct input_dev *input_dev; int pipe, maxp; int error = -ENOMEM; /* 获取当前接口设置 */ interface = intf->cur_altsetting; /* 根据HID规范,鼠标只有一个端点(不包含0号控制端点)*/ if (interface->desc.bNumEndpoints != 1) return -ENODEV; /* 获取端点0描述符 */ endpoint = &interface->endpoint[0].desc; /* 根据HID规范,鼠标唯一的端点应为中断端点 */ if (!usb_endpoint_is_int_in(endpoint)) return -ENODEV; /* 生成中断管道 */ pipe = usb_rcvintpipe(dev, endpoint->bEndpointAddress); /* 返回该端点能够传输的最大的包长度,鼠标的返回的最大数据包为4个字节。*/ maxp = usb_maxpacket(dev, pipe, usb_pipeout(pipe)); /* 创建input设备 */ mouse = kzalloc(sizeof(struct usb_mouse), GFP_KERNEL); input_dev = input_allocate_device(); if (!mouse || !input_dev) goto fail1; /* 申请内存空间用于数据传输,data 为指向该空间的地址*/ mouse->data = usb_buffer_alloc(dev, 8, GFP_ATOMIC, &mouse->data_dma); if (!mouse->data) goto fail1; /* 分配URB */ mouse->irq = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL); if (!mouse->irq) goto fail2; mouse->usbdev = dev; mouse->dev = input_dev; if (dev->manufacturer) strlcpy(mouse->name, dev->manufacturer, sizeof(mouse->name)); if (dev->product) { if (dev->manufacturer) strlcat(mouse->name, " ", sizeof(mouse->name)); strlcat(mouse->name, dev->product, sizeof(mouse->name)); } if (!strlen(mouse->name)) snprintf(mouse->name, sizeof(mouse->name), "USB HIDBP Mouse %04x:%04x", le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor), le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct)); usb_make_path(dev, mouse->phys, sizeof(mouse->phys)); strlcat(mouse->phys, "/input0", sizeof(mouse->phys)); /* 设置输入设备的相关属性 */ input_dev->name = mouse->name; input_dev->phys = mouse->phys; usb_to_input_id(dev, &input_dev->id); input_dev->dev.parent = &intf->dev; /* 设置输入设备支持的事件和事件代码 */ input_dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_REL); input_dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_MOUSE)] = BIT_MASK(BTN_LEFT) | BIT_MASK(BTN_RIGHT) | BIT_MASK(BTN_MIDDLE); input_dev->relbit[0] = BIT_MASK(REL_X) | BIT_MASK(REL_Y); input_dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_MOUSE)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_SIDE) | BIT_MASK(BTN_EXTRA); input_dev->relbit[0] |= BIT_MASK(REL_WHEEL); input_set_drvdata(input_dev, mouse); input_dev->open = usb_mouse_open; input_dev->close = usb_mouse_close; /* 初始化中断URB */ usb_fill_int_urb(mouse->irq, dev, pipe, mouse->data, (maxp > 8 ? 8 : maxp), usb_mouse_irq, mouse, endpoint->bInterval); mouse->irq->transfer_dma = mouse->data_dma; mouse->irq->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP; /* 向输入核心层注册输入设备 */ error = input_register_device(mouse->dev); if (error) goto fail3; usb_set_intfdata(intf, mouse); return 0; fail3: usb_free_urb(mouse->irq); fail2: usb_buffer_free(dev, 8, mouse->data, mouse->data_dma); fail1: input_free_device(input_dev); kfree(mouse); return error; } /* USB设备移除时调用 */ static void usb_mouse_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf) { struct usb_mouse *mouse = usb_get_intfdata (intf); usb_set_intfdata(intf, NULL); if (mouse) { usb_kill_urb(mouse->irq); input_unregister_device(mouse->dev); usb_free_urb(mouse->irq); usb_buffer_free(interface_to_usbdev(intf), 8, mouse->data, mouse->data_dma); kfree(mouse); } } /* USB驱动支持的鼠标类型表 */ static struct usb_device_id usb_mouse_id_table [] = { { USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_INTERFACE_CLASS_HID, USB_INTERFACE_SUBCLASS_BOOT, USB_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL_MOUSE) }, { } /* Terminating entry */ }; MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, usb_mouse_id_table); static struct usb_driver usb_mouse_driver = { .name = "usbmouse", /* 驱动名 */ .probe = usb_mouse_probe, /* 捕获函数 */ .disconnect = usb_mouse_disconnect, /* 卸载函数 */ .id_table = usb_mouse_id_table, /* 设备列表 */ }; static int __init usb_mouse_init(void) { /* 注册鼠标驱动程序 */ int retval = usb_register(&usb_mouse_driver); if (retval == 0) printk(KERN_INFO KBUILD_MODNAME ": " DRIVER_VERSION ":" DRIVER_DESC "\n"); return retval; } static void __exit usb_mouse_exit(void) { usb_deregister(&usb_mouse_driver); } module_init(usb_mouse_init); module_exit(usb_mouse_exit);