LeetCode 145. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal (非递归和递归解)

非递归的话,用一个栈node_stack维护深搜。

每访问一个结点,

1) 若该结点未被访问过,则将它标记为已访问。考察它是否是叶子

  若是,将val值压入vector<int>中,弹出该结点;

  若不是,先将它的右儿子(非空的话)压入node_stack中,再将它的左儿子(非空的话)压入node_stack中。注意到因为每次都是访问栈顶,所以要先压右儿子后压左儿子,来保证后序遍历。

2) 若该结点已被访问,则将val值压入vector<int>中,弹出该结点


非递归代码:

class Solution
{
public:
	vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
	{
		vector<int> ret;
		stack<pair<TreeNode*, bool>>  node_stack;

		if (root == NULL)
		{
			return ret;
		}

		node_stack.push(make_pair(root, false));
		while (node_stack.empty() == false )
		{
			auto top = node_stack.top();
			if (top.second == true)
			{
				ret.push_back(top.first->val);
				node_stack.pop();				
				continue;
			} else
			{
				node_stack.top().second = true; // cannot use top.second=true here!
			}

			bool child = true;
			if (top.first->right != NULL) // right first 
			{
				node_stack.push(make_pair(top.first->right, false));
				child = false;
			}
			if (top.first->left != NULL)
			{
				node_stack.push(make_pair(top.first->left, false));
				child = false;
			}
			if (child == true)
			{
				ret.push_back(top.first->val);
				node_stack.pop();
			}
		}

		return ret;
	}		
};

递归代码:

class Solution
{
public:
	vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
	{
		vector<int> ret;
		postorderTraversal_inner(root, ret);
		return ret;
	}	
private:
	void postorderTraversal_inner(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& vt_out)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
		{
			return ;
		}
		postorderTraversal_inner(root->left, vt_out);
		postorderTraversal_inner(root->right, vt_out);
		vt_out.push_back(root->val);
	}
};


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