之前,我们已经实现了android HAL层,在android模拟器上移植了一个虚拟的temperature sensor,我之前在模拟器上也移植了backlight,RTC等驱动,都能在应用层得到需要的数据,其实自己想学点东西,给自己布置点任务还是不错的,通过模拟器也可以来学习linux 中的device driver,这部分在今后的博客中我会涉及到,这篇blog我主要是想在之前所做的东西的基础上来实现android 的另外一种架构层的实现。
driver--->framework JNI(server)---->framework JAVA(server)
我们的任务分为如下几个步骤:
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|| 1.在temperature sensor驱动中添加sysfs中添加一个只读的文件让JNI 读数据。
|| 2.在temperature sensor驱动中添加uevent通知user space数据发生了改变需要读取。
|| 3.在android framework中添加jni server读取底层数据,封装操作函数。
|| 4.在android framework中添加uevent observer来监听uevent事件的变化。
|| 5.(可选)在java server中添加系统ACTION,然后编写android apk来接收ACTION。
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下面会根据这个步骤来展开我们的学习!!!!!!!
之前的代码可以参照之前的文章。
1.在temperature sensor驱动中添加sysfs中添加一个只读的文件让JNI 读数据。
首先来看的还是驱动,我们在之前的驱动中加入如下代码:
首先是添加value文件节点,可以参照name是如何做的
static int tempValue; static ssize_t temperature_show_value(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) { return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", tempValue); } static IIO_DEVICE_ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, temperature_show_name, NULL,0); static IIO_DEVICE_ATTR(value, S_IRUGO, temperature_show_value, NULL,0); static struct attribute *temperature_attributes[] = { &iio_dev_attr_name.dev_attr.attr, &iio_dev_attr_value.dev_attr.attr, NULL };
这样的话会生成/sys/bus/iio/devices/device0/value 可以read 这个节点来得到温度值。
2.在temperature sensor驱动中添加uevent通知user space数据发生了改变需要读取。
接下来是uevent的添加,这边先把代码贴上,我们在分析uvent的代码。
static void temperature_dev_poll(struct input_polled_dev *dev) { //++++add uevent in driver char *buf; char *envp[3]; sysfs_notify(&dev->input->dev.kobj,NULL, "value"); buf = kmalloc(32,GFP_ATOMIC); if(!buf){ printk(KERN_ERR "%s kmalloc failed\n", __func__); return; } envp[0] = "NAME=temperature"; snprintf(buf , 32 , "TEMPERATURE=%d",tempValue); envp[1] = buf; envp[2] =NULL; kobject_uevent_env(&dev->input->dev.kobj,KOBJ_CHANGE,envp); kfree(buf); //---------- printk(KERN_INFO "Current Temperature: %d\n",tempValue); if((tempValue++)==100) tempValue=0; input_event(dev->input,EV_ABS,ABS_PRESSURE,tempValue); input_sync(dev->input); }
其实大家可以看到这边最主要的就是kobject_uevent_env函数,这个函数会通知user space 环境变量发生了变化,然后user space可以通过监听uevent来知道这个时候需要读数据,好,来分析下这个函数:
/** * kobject_uevent_env - send an uevent with environmental data * * @action: action that is happening * @kobj: struct kobject that the action is happening to * @envp_ext: pointer to environmental data * * Returns 0 if kobject_uevent() is completed with success or the * corresponding error when it fails. */ int kobject_uevent_env(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action, char *envp_ext[]) { struct kobj_uevent_env *env; const char *action_string = kobject_actions[action]; const char *devpath = NULL; const char *subsystem; struct kobject *top_kobj; struct kset *kset; struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops; u64 seq; int i = 0; int retval = 0; pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s\n", kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__); /* search the kset we belong to */ top_kobj = kobj; /*找到其所属的kset容器,如果没找到就从其父kobj找,一直继续下去,直到父kobj不存在*/ while (!top_kobj->kset && top_kobj->parent) top_kobj = top_kobj->parent; if (!top_kobj->kset) { pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: attempted to send uevent " "without kset!\n", kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__); return -EINVAL; } kset = top_kobj->kset; uevent_ops = kset->uevent_ops; /*回调uevent_ops->filter()函数,我们这边是dev_uevent_filter()函数,主要是检查是否是uevent_suppress*/ /* skip the event, if the filter returns zero. */ if (uevent_ops && uevent_ops->filter) if (!uevent_ops->filter(kset, kobj)) { //如果不成功,就是uevent_suppress,则直接返回 pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: filter function " "caused the event to drop!\n", kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__); return 0; } /*回调uevent_ops->name(),来获取bus或者class的名字,这边是iio bus,所以bus的名字是“iio”*/ /* originating subsystem */ if (uevent_ops && uevent_ops->name) subsystem = uevent_ops->name(kset, kobj); else subsystem = kobject_name(&kset->kobj); if (!subsystem) { pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: unset subsystem caused the " "event to drop!\n", kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__); return 0; } /*获得用于存放环境变量的buffer*/ /* environment buffer */ env = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kobj_uevent_env), GFP_KERNEL); if (!env) return -ENOMEM; /*获取该kobj在sysfs的路径,通过遍历其父kobj来获得,这边是/sys/devices/platform/android-temperature*/ /* complete object path */ devpath = kobject_get_path(kobj, GFP_KERNEL); if (!devpath) { retval = -ENOENT; goto exit; } /*添加ACTION环境变量,这边是“change” 命令,这里提供了add,remove,change,move,online,offline六种命令*/ /* default keys */ retval = add_uevent_var(env, "ACTION=%s", action_string); if (retval) goto exit; /*添加DEVPATH环境变量,这边是/sys/devices/platform/android-temperature 之后会用到*/ retval = add_uevent_var(env, "DEVPATH=%s", devpath); if (retval) goto exit; /*添加subsystem环境变量,这里是input*/ retval = add_uevent_var(env, "SUBSYSTEM=%s", subsystem); if (retval) goto exit; /* keys passed in from the caller */ if (envp_ext) { for (i = 0; envp_ext[i]; i++) { retval = add_uevent_var(env, "%s", envp_ext[i]); if (retval) goto exit; } } //回调uevent_ops->event(),输出一些环境变量 /* let the kset specific function add its stuff */ if (uevent_ops && uevent_ops->uevent) { retval = uevent_ops->uevent(kset, kobj, env); if (retval) { pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: uevent() returned " "%d\n", kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__, retval); goto exit; } } /* * Mark "add" and "remove" events in the object to ensure proper * events to userspace during automatic cleanup. If the object did * send an "add" event, "remove" will automatically generated by * the core, if not already done by the caller. */ if (action == KOBJ_ADD) kobj->state_add_uevent_sent = 1; else if (action == KOBJ_REMOVE) kobj->state_remove_uevent_sent = 1; /* we will send an event, so request a new sequence number */ /*增加event序列号的值,并输出到环境变量的buffer。该序列号可以从sys/kernel/uevent_seqnum属性文件读取*/ spin_lock(&sequence_lock); seq = ++uevent_seqnum; spin_unlock(&sequence_lock); retval = add_uevent_var(env, "SEQNUM=%llu", (unsigned long long)seq); if (retval) goto exit; /*如果配置了网络,那么就会通过netlink socket向用户控件发送环境变量,而用户控件则通过netlink socket接收,然后采取一系列的动作。这种机制目前在udev中,也就是pc机系统中,我们这边不是PC机所以不在分析*/ #if defined(CONFIG_NET) /* send netlink message */ if (uevent_sock) { struct sk_buff *skb; size_t len; /* allocate message with the maximum possible size */ len = strlen(action_string) + strlen(devpath) + 2; skb = alloc_skb(len + env->buflen, GFP_KERNEL); if (skb) { char *scratch; /* add header */ scratch = skb_put(skb, len); sprintf(scratch, "%s@%s", action_string, devpath); /* copy keys to our continuous event payload buffer */ for (i = 0; i < env->envp_idx; i++) { len = strlen(env->envp[i]) + 1; scratch = skb_put(skb, len); strcpy(scratch, env->envp[i]); } NETLINK_CB(skb).dst_group = 1; retval = netlink_broadcast(uevent_sock, skb, 0, 1, GFP_KERNEL); } else retval = -ENOMEM; } #endif /*对于嵌入式系统来说,busybox采用的是mdev,在系统启动脚本rcS中会使用echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernelhotplug命令。。。。*/ /* call uevent_helper, usually only enabled during early boot */ if (uevent_helper[0]) { char *argv [3]; argv [0] = uevent_helper; argv [1] = (char *)subsystem; argv [2] = NULL; retval = add_uevent_var(env, "HOME=/"); if (retval) goto exit; retval = add_uevent_var(env, "PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"); if (retval) goto exit; //呼叫应用程序来处理,UMH_WAIT_EXEC表明等待应用程序处理完 retval = call_usermodehelper(argv[0], argv, env->envp, UMH_WAIT_EXEC); } exit: kfree(devpath); kfree(env); return retval; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kobject_uevent_env);
这边我们要关注的就是ACTION还有就是环境变量参数,注意,我们这边使用的kobject是input->dev.kobj,所以这边的DEVPATH和SUBSYSTEM都是跟input subsystem有关的。
这里把uevent传到user space了,下面来看user space是怎么做的,涉及的代码有:
hardware/libhardware_legacy/uevent frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_UEventObserver.cpp frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/UEventObserver.java frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java这边我提最重要的,就是hardware/libhardware_legacy/uevent/uevent.c 发送一个socket广播把这个uevent事件发送出去
s = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM, NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT); if(s < 0) return 0; setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &sz, sizeof(sz)); if(bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) { close(s); return 0; }
然后就是在framework中通过jni进行封装,使得java中也能通过sokect来监听uevent。
3.在android framework中添加jni server读取底层数据,封装操作函数。
下面我们来实现在jni中读取文件系统中的节点来获得温度的值。
下面是2个文件的下载地址,一个是jni一个是java(com_android_server_TemperatureObserver.cpp,TemperatureObserver.java)
http://download.csdn.net/detail/zhangjie201412/4049098
其实在这边用到的东西也不是很多,最多就是jni中的一些规则:
在jni中获得java中的域,在jni中注册method函数,在jni中注册等方法,这边很简单,就是open节点,然后读数据,获得java中的变量的fieldID 然后把数据传给java中的变量,最后封装native函数,然后再java中调用。
1.获得java中的域:
jclass clazz = env->FindClass("com/android/server/TemperatureObserver"); if(clazz == NULL) { LOGE("Can't find com/android/server/TemperatureObserver"); return -1; } mTemperatureValueID = env->GetFieldID(clazz , "mTemperatureValue" , "I");
2.open节点读数据,再把数据传到java的变量中:
jclass clazz = env->FindClass("com/android/server/TemperatureObserver"); if(clazz == NULL) { LOGE("Can't find com/android/server/TemperatureObserver"); return -1; } mTemperatureValueID = env->GetFieldID(clazz , "mTemperatureValue" , "I");
4.在android framework中添加uevent observer来监听uevent事件的变化。
3.在java中注册uevent监听
public TemperatureObserver(Context context) { mContext = context; PowerManager pm = (PowerManager)context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE); mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, "TemperatureObserver"); mWakeLock.setReferenceCounted(false); //++++add log Slog.v(TAG,"------Struct function...."); // startObserving("EVENT=temperature"); startObserving(TEMPERATURE_UEVENT_MATCH); // init(); // set initial status }
4.在java中实现onUEvent,并且调用java原生接口@Override public void onUEvent(UEventObserver.UEvent event) { if (LOG) Slog.v(TAG, "Temperature UEVENT: " + event.toString()); try { update(event.get("NAME"), Integer.parseInt(event.get("TEMPERATURE"))); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { Slog.e(TAG, "Could not parse switch state from event " + event); } } private native void native_temperature_update(); private synchronized final void update(String newName, int newValue){ if(LOG) Slog.v(TAG,"NAME: "+newName+" VALUE: "+newValue); native_temperature_update(); Slog.v(TAG,"-----value-----"+mTemperatureValue); }
至此,我们的分析就结束了,关于jni的用法我就不多说了,提供一些链接,大家可以拿作参考:
http://blog.csdn.net/thl789/article/details/7212822
http://blog.csdn.net/furongkang/article/details/6857610
这一部分到此结束,希望写的这些对大家有点帮助。