linux音频alsa-uda134x驱动文档阅读之四（数字音频接口)

转自：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-22917448-id-1765505.html

ASoC currently supports the three main Digital Audio Interfaces (DAI) found on

SoC controllers and portable audio CODECs today, namely AC97, I2S and PCM.
ASoC现在支持如今的SoC控制器和便携音频解码器上的三个主要数字音频接口，即AC97，I2S，PCM。


AC97
AC97
====

  AC97 is a five wire interface commonly found on many PC sound cards. It is
now also popular in many portable devices. This DAI has a reset line and time
multiplexes its data on its SDATA_OUT (playback) and SDATA_IN (capture) lines.
The bit clock (BCLK) is always driven by the CODEC (usually 12.288MHz) and the
frame (FRAME) (usually 48kHz) is always driven by the controller. Each AC97
frame is 21uS long and is divided into 13 time slots.
AC97是一种个人电脑声卡上常见的五线接口。现在在很多便携设备中也很流行。这个数字音频接口有一个复位线，分时在SDATA＿OUT（回放）和SDATA＿IN（捕获）线上传送数据。位时钟常由解码器驱动（通常是12.288MHz).帧时钟（通常48kHz)总是由控制器驱动。每个AC97帧21uS,并分为13个时间槽。


The AC97 specification can be found at :-
AC97说明书可以在下面的网址找到：
http://www.intel.com/design/chipsets/audio/ac97_r23.pdf



I2S
I2S
===

I2S is a common 4 wire DAI used in HiFi, STB and portable devices. The Tx and
Rx lines are used for audio transmission, whilst the bit clock (BCLK) and
left/right clock (LRC) synchronise the link. I2S is flexible in that either the
controller or CODEC can drive (master) the BCLK and LRC clock lines. Bit clock
usually varies depending on the sample rate and the master system clock
(SYSCLK). LRCLK is the same as the sample rate. A few devices support separate
ADC and DAC LRCLKs, this allows for simultaneous capture and playback at
different sample rates.
I2S是一个4线数字音频接口，常用于HiFi，STB便携设备。Tx  和Rx信号线用于音频传输。而位时钟和左右时钟（LRC）用于同步链接。I2S具有灵活性，因为控制器和解码器都可以控制位时钟和左右时钟。位时钟因采样率和主系统时钟而有不同。LRCLK与采样率相同。少数设备支持独立的ADC和DAC的LRCLK。这使在不同采样率情况下同步捕获和回放成为可能。

I2S has several different operating modes:-
I2S有几个不同的操作模式：

o I2S - MSB is transmitted on the falling edge of the first BCLK after LRC
         transition.
I2S模式－MSB在LRC后的第一个位时钟的下降沿传送。

o Left Justified - MSB is transmitted on transition of LRC.
左对齐模式：MSB在LRC传送时传送。

o Right Justified - MSB is transmitted sample size BCLKs before LRC
                     transition.
右对齐模式：MSB在（此句不懂）

PCM
PCM
===

PCM is another 4 wire interface, very similar to I2S, which can support a more
flexible protocol. It has bit clock (BCLK) and sync (SYNC) lines that are used
to synchronise the link whilst the Tx and Rx lines are used to transmit and
receive the audio data. Bit clock usually varies depending on sample rate
whilst sync runs at the sample rate. PCM also supports Time Division
Multiplexing (TDM) in that several devices can use the bus simultaneously (this
is sometimes referred to as network mode).
PCM也是一种4线制接口。与I2S非常相像，但支持一个更灵活的协议。它有位时钟（BCLK）和同步时钟 （SYNC）用来在Tx和Rx在传送和接收音频数据是同步连接。位时钟通常因采样率的不同而不同，然而同步时钟（SYNC）与采样频率相同。PCM同样支 持时分复用，可以几个设备同时使用总线（这有时被称为net work 模式）。

Common PCM operating modes:-
常用的PCM操作模式：

o Mode A - MSB is transmitted on falling edge of first BCLK after FRAME/SYNC.
模式A－MSB在FRAME/SYNC后第一个BCLK的下降沿传送。

o Mode B - MSB is transmitted on rising edge of FRAME/SYNC.
模式B－MSB在FRAME/SYNC的上升沿传送。

君子注:
您现在所阅读的，是君子阅读Linux音频SoC驱动时，写下的文档译文。
君子写些译文，一方面是作为自己的笔记，帮助记忆，另一方面也希望能对他人有所帮助。
如果您能于君子的译文中有所收获，则吾心甚慰。
所有这几个文档原文，是见于linux-2.6.30/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc目录下的全部内容。
由于君子对音频方面的内容了解也不多，很多地方我自己也不理解，只是照着原文生硬的译出来。
其中错误愿来来访者之宾不吝指正。
张君再拜.