Oracle 复杂用户密码规则设置
在ORACLE中默认的密码规则是很宽松的，多么简单的密码都是可以被设置的。但是在一些对安全很敏感的环境下，我们最好开启ORACLE的复杂密码规则的功能。
下面我们来看看默认的ORACLE密码规则是什么样的：
[ora9i@db ora9i]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on Mon Apr 8 18:57:47 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production SQL> select * from dba_profiles where resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION'; PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE LIMIT ------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------------------- DEFAULT PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION PASSWORD NULL
PROFILE中的PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION是对ORACLE用户进行复杂密码规则设置的参数， 参数的值被设置为进行密码规则验证的函数。
ORACLE之前已经为我们提供的一份密码规则蓝本，我们可以根据这个蓝本进行自定义的设置。
[ora9i@db ora9i]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql
Rem
Rem $Header: utlpwdmg.sql 31-aug-2000.11:00:47 nireland Exp $
Rem
Rem utlpwdmg.sql
Rem
Rem Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1996, 2000. All Rights Reserved.
Rem
Rem NAME
Rem utlpwdmg.sql - script for Default Password Resource Limits
Rem
Rem DESCRIPTION
Rem This is a script for enabling the password management features
Rem by setting the default password resource limits.
Rem
Rem NOTES
Rem This file contains a function for minimum checking of password
Rem complexity. This is more of a sample function that the customer
Rem can use to develop the function for actual complexity checks that the
Rem customer wants to make on the new password.
Rem
Rem MODIFIED (MM/DD/YY)
Rem nireland 08/31/00 - Improve check for username=password. #1390553
Rem nireland 06/28/00 - Fix null old password test. #1341892
Rem asurpur 04/17/97 - Fix for bug479763
Rem asurpur 12/12/96 - Changing the name of password_verify_function
Rem asurpur 05/30/96 - New script for default password management
Rem asurpur 05/30/96 - Created
Rem
-- This script sets the default password resource parameters
-- This script needs to be run to enable the password features.
-- However the default resource parameters can be changed based
-- on the need.
-- A default password complexity function is also provided.
-- This function makes the minimum complexity checks like
-- the minimum length of the password, password not same as the
-- username, etc. The user may enhance this function according to
-- the need.
-- This function must be created in SYS schema.
-- connect sys/<password> as sysdba before running the script
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verify_function
(username varchar2,
password varchar2,
old_password varchar2)
RETURN boolean IS
n boolean;
m integer;
differ integer;
isdigit boolean;
ischar boolean;
ispunct boolean;
digitarray varchar2(20);
punctarray varchar2(25);
chararray varchar2(52);
BEGIN
digitarray:= '0123456789';
chararray:= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
punctarray:='!"#$%&()``*+,-/:;<=>?_';
-- Check if the password is same as the username
IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(username) THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, 'Password same as or similar to user');
END IF;
-- Check for the minimum length of the password
IF length(password) < 4 THEN
raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password length less than 4');
END IF;
-- Check if the password is too simple. A dictionary of words may be
-- maintained and a check may be made so as not to allow the words
-- that are too simple for the password.
IF NLS_LOWER(password) IN ('welcome', 'database', 'account', 'user', 'password', 'oracle', 'computer', 'abcd') THEN
raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password too simple');
END IF;
-- Check if the password contains at least one letter, one digit and one
-- punctuation mark.
-- 1. Check for the digit
isdigit:=FALSE;
m := length(password);
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
FOR j IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(digitarray,i,1) THEN
isdigit:=TRUE;
GOTO findchar;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
IF isdigit = FALSE THEN
raise_application_error(-20003, 'Password should contain at least one digit, one character and one punctuation');
END IF;
-- 2. Check for the character
<<findchar>>
ischar:=FALSE;
FOR i IN 1..length(chararray) LOOP
FOR j IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(chararray,i,1) THEN
ischar:=TRUE;
GOTO findpunct;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
IF ischar = FALSE THEN
raise_application_error(-20003, 'Password should contain at least one \
digit, one character and one punctuation');
END IF;
-- 3. Check for the punctuation
<<findpunct>>
ispunct:=FALSE;
FOR i IN 1..length(punctarray) LOOP
FOR j IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(punctarray,i,1) THEN
ispunct:=TRUE;
GOTO endsearch;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
IF ispunct = FALSE THEN
raise_application_error(-20003, 'Password should contain at least one \
digit, one character and one punctuation');
END IF;
<<endsearch>>
-- Check if the password differs from the previous password by at least
-- 3 letters
IF old_password IS NOT NULL THEN
differ := length(old_password) - length(password);
IF abs(differ) < 3 THEN
IF length(password) < length(old_password) THEN
m := length(password);
ELSE
m := length(old_password);
END IF;
differ := abs(differ);
FOR i IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,i,1) != substr(old_password,i,1) THEN
differ := differ + 1;
END IF;
END LOOP;
IF differ < 3 THEN
raise_application_error(-20004, 'Password should differ by at \
least 3 characters');
END IF;
END IF;
END IF;
-- Everything is fine; return TRUE ;
RETURN(TRUE);
END;
/
-- This script alters the default parameters for Password Management
-- This means that all the users on the system have Password Management
-- enabled and set to the following values unless another profile is
-- created with parameter values set to different value or UNLIMITED
-- is created and assigned to the user.
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 60
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 10
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 1800
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX UNLIMITED
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 3
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1/1440
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function;
启用负责密码规则步骤：
--创建密码规则函数 SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql Function created. Profile altered. SQL> select * from dba_profiles; PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE LIMIT ------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------------------- DEFAULT COMPOSITE_LIMIT KERNEL UNLIMITED DEFAULT FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS PASSWORD 3 DEFAULT SESSIONS_PER_USER KERNEL UNLIMITED DEFAULT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME PASSWORD 60 DEFAULT CPU_PER_SESSION KERNEL UNLIMITED DEFAULT PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME PASSWORD 1800 DEFAULT CPU_PER_CALL KERNEL UNLIMITED DEFAULT PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX PASSWORD UNLIMITED DEFAULT LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION KERNEL UNLIMITED DEFAULT PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION PASSWORD VERIFY_FUNCTION DEFAULT LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL KERNEL UNLIMITED PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE LIMIT ------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------------------- DEFAULT PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME PASSWORD .0006 DEFAULT IDLE_TIME KERNEL UNLIMITED DEFAULT PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME PASSWORD 10 DEFAULT CONNECT_TIME KERNEL UNLIMITED DEFAULT PRIVATE_SGA KERNEL UNLIMITED 16 rows selected. --当设置简单密码时报出相应的设置 SQL> alter user test identified by sdf; alter user test identified by sdf * ERROR at line 1: ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failed ORA-20002: Password length less than 4 --当设置复杂密码时设置成功 SQL> alter user test identified by "s1A8?I"; User altered.
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