面试题—数据结构之单链表详述(基本篇3)

           单链表的正向排序,就是插入数据时就按从小到大排序。

代码有注释很容易理解的:

//单链表的正向排序
node *InsertSort(void)
{
	int data = 0;
	struct node *head = NULL;
	struct node *New, *Cur, *Pre;
	
	while(1)
	{
		printf("please input the data: ");
		scanf("%d", &data);
		if(0 == data)			//输入0结束
		{
			break;	
		}
		New = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
		New->data = data;		//新分配一个node节点
		New->next = NULL;
		if(NULL == head)		//第一次循环时对头节点赋值
		{
			head = New;
			continue;
		}
		if(New->data <= head->data)	//head之前插入节点
		{
			New->next = head;
			head = New;
			continue;
		}
		Cur = head;
		while(New->data > Cur->data && NULL != Cur->next)
		{							//找到需要插入的位置
			Pre = Cur;
			Cur = Cur->next;
		}
		if(Cur->data >= New->data)	//位置在中间
		{							//把New节点插入到pre和cur之间
			Pre->next = New;
			New->next = Cur;
		}
		else						//末尾位置
		{							//把new节点插入到cur之后
			Cur->next = New;	
		}
	}
	return head;
}

判断单链表是否存在环型链表问题,这里有一种比较简单的解法,假设两个指针分别为p1和p2,每循环一次p1向前走一步,p2向前走两步,直到p2碰到NULL指针或者两个指针相等时循环结束。如果两个指针相等则说明存在环。

程序代码如下:

//判断单链表是否存在回路
//如果存在,start存放回环开始的节点
bool IsLoop(node *head, node **start)
{
	node *p1 = head;
	node *p2 = head;
	if(NULL == head || NULL == head->next)
	{					//head为NULL 或 链表为空返回false
		return false;
	}
	do
	{
		p1 = p1->next;				//p1走一步
		p2 = p2->next->next;		//p2走两步
	}while(p2 && p2->next && p1 != p2);
	if(p1 == p2)
	{
		*start = p1;				//p1为回环开始节点
		return true;
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}
}

下面是测试打印函数和主函数:

void print(node *head)
{
	int pos = 0;
	node *p = head;
	while(NULL != p)
	{
		printf("the %dth node %d\n", ++pos, p->data);
		p = p->next;
	}
}
int main()
{
	bool bLoop = false;
	node *head = InsertSort();	//创建并正向排序链表
	printf("Link Sort...\n");
	print(head);
	
	printf("IsLoop test.........\n");
	node *start = head->next->next->next;	//使第四个节点为回环开始位置
	start->next = head->next;				//回环连接到第二个节点
	node *loopStart = NULL;
	bLoop = IsLoop(head, &loopStart);
	printf("bLoop = %d\n", bLoop);
	printf("bLoop == loopStart ? %d\n", (loopStart == start));

	return 0;
}

下面是程序执行结果:输入是1 6 4 5 3 2

please input the data: 1
please input the data: 6
please input the data: 4
please input the data: 5
please input the data: 3
please input the data: 2
please input the data: 0
Link Sort...
the 1th node 1
the 2th node 2
the 3th node 3
the 4th node 4
the 5th node 5
the 6th node 6
IsLoop test.........
bLoop = 1
bLoop == loopStart ? 1
Press any key to continue


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