今天看了SQL COOKBOOK中的一个例子,其中看到了两个函数Replace和Translate时产生了疑惑,感觉这两个函数的作用是一样的,书上面的例子也看的不是很明白,Google了一下,看了Oracle的官方解释,终于彻底明白了。官方的解释如下:
REPLACE
Description of the illustration replace.gif
REPLACE
returns char
with every occurrence of search_string
replaced with replacement_string
. If replacement_string
is omitted or null, then all occurrences of search_string
are removed. If search_string
is null, then char
is returned.
search_string
and replacement_string
, as well as char
, can be any of the datatypes CHAR
, VARCHAR2
, NCHAR
, NVARCHAR2
, CLOB
, or NCLOB
. The string returned is in the same character set as char
. The function returns VARCHAR2
if the first argument is not a LOB and returns CLOB
if the first argument is a LOB.
REPLACE
provides functionality related to that provided by the TRANSLATE
function. TRANSLATE
provides single-character, one-to-one substitution. REPLACE
lets you substitute one string for another as well as to remove character strings.
J
with BL
:
SELECT REPLACE('JACK and JUE','J','BL') "Changes"
FROM DUAL;
Changes
--------------
BLACK and BLUE
Translate
Description of the illustration translate.gif
Purpose
TRANSLATE
returns expr
with all occurrences of each character in from_string
replaced by its corresponding character in to_string
. Characters in expr
that are not in from_string
are not replaced. If expr
is a character string, then you must enclose it in single quotation marks. The argument from_string
can contain more characters than to_string
. In this case, the extra characters at the end of from_string
have no corresponding characters in to_string
. If these extra characters appear in char
, then they are removed from the return value.
You cannot use an empty string for to_string
to remove all characters in from_string
from the return value. Oracle Database interprets the empty string as null, and if this function has a null argument, then it returns null.
TRANSLATE
provides functionality related to that provided by the REPLACE
function. REPLACE
lets you substitute a single string for another single string, as well as remove character strings. TRANSLATE
lets you make several single-character, one-to-one substitutions in one operation.
This function does not support CLOB
data directly. However, CLOB
s can be passed in as arguments through implicit data conversion.
See Also:
"Datatype Comparison Rules" for more information and REPLACE
Examples
The following statement translates a book title into a string that could be used (for example) as a filename. The from_string
contains four characters: a space, asterisk, slash, and apostrophe (with an extra apostrophe as the escape character). The to_string
contains only three underscores. This leaves the fourth character in the from_string
without a corresponding replacement, so apostrophes are dropped from the returned value.
SELECT TRANSLATE('SQL*Plus User''s Guide', ' */''', '___') FROM DUAL;
TRANSLATE('SQL*PLUSU
--------------------
SQL_Plus_Users_Guide
select translate('liyan4h123ui','#liyanhui','#') from dual
结果:4123
select translate('asadad434323', '#0123456789','#') from dual
结果:asadad
select TRANSLATE('kkaxksx', 'kx', '12') from dual
结果:11a21s2
SQL CookBook 上這個例子分解
select translate('SMITH 20','0123456789','##########') from dual 將 'SMITH 20' 字符串中,所有數字替換為 ‘#’
結果是 'SMITH ##'
select replace(translate('SMITH 20','0123456789','##########'),'#','') from dual 將 'SMITH ##' 中 的'#'替換為 ''
結果是 'SMITH'