从接触.net到现在一直在维护一个DataTable导出到Excel的类,时不时还会维护一个导入类。以下是时不时就会出现的问题:
导出问题:
如果是asp.net,你得在服务器端装Office,几百M呢,还得及时更新它,以防漏洞,还得设定权限允许ASP.net访问COM+,听说如果导出过程中出问题可能导致服务器宕机。
Excel会把只包含数字的列进行类型转换,本来是文本型的,它非要把你转成数值型的,像身份证后三位变成000,编号000123会变成123,够智能吧,够郁闷吧。不过这些都还是可以变通解决的,在他们前边加上一个字母,让他们不只包含数字。
导出时,如果你的字段内容以"-"或"="开头,Excel好像把它当成了公式什么的,接下来就出错,提示:类似,保存到Sheet1的问题
导入问题:
Excel会根据你的 Excel文件前8行分析数据类型,如果正好你前8行某一列只是数字,那它会认为你这一列就是数值型的,然后,身份证,手机,编号都转吧变成类似这样的1.42702E+17格式,日期列变成 包含日期和数字的,乱的很,可以通过改注册表让Excel分析整个表,但如果整列都是数字,那这个问题还是解决不了。
以上问题,一般人初次做时肯定得上网查查吧,一个问题接着另一个问题,查到你郁郁而死,还有很多问题没解决,最终感觉已经解决的不错了,但还不能保证某一天还会出个什么问题。
偶然间发现了NPOI与MyXls,相见恨晚,害的我在Excel上浪费了那么多时间,他们俩的好处是:就是.net的自定义类库,可以直接对Excel进行读或写,而不依赖Office 的 Excel,这不管对于ASP.net或Winform都非常有利,不用担心Excel进程的释放问题,服务器安全,设置,导出,导入“Excel智能识别”,公式日期等问题,可以说以前的Excel问题,全都不用管了,它们可以很好的帮你解决,NPOI || MyXls == 研究几年Excel。
NPOI开源地址:http://npoi.codeplex.com/
NPOI中文文档:http://www.cnblogs.com/tonyqus/archive/2009/04/12/1434209.html
MyXls开源地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/myxls/
下面来两个简单入门例子:
MyXls 快速入门例子:
/// <summary> /// MyXls简单Demo,快速入门代码 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource"></param> /// <param name="strFileName"></param> /// <remarks>MyXls认为Excel的第一个单元格是:(1,1)</remarks> /// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author> public static void ExportEasy(DataTable dtSource, string strFileName) { XlsDocument xls = new XlsDocument(); Worksheet sheet = xls.Workbook.Worksheets.Add("Sheet1"); //填充表头 foreach (DataColumn col in dtSource.Columns) { sheet.Cells.Add(1, col.Ordinal + 1, col.ColumnName); } //填充内容 for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { sheet.Cells.Add(i + 2, j + 1, dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()); } } //保存 xls.FileName = strFileName; xls.Save(); }
NPOI 快速入门例子:
/// <summary> /// NPOI简单Demo,快速入门代码 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource"></param> /// <param name="strFileName"></param> /// <remarks>NPOI认为Excel的第一个单元格是:(0,0)</remarks> /// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author> public static void ExportEasy(DataTable dtSource, string strFileName) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); //填充表头 HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName); } //填充内容 for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1); for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { dataRow.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()); } } //保存 using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)) { workbook.Write(fs); } workbook.Dispose(); }
接下来是柳永法(yongfa365)'Blog封装的可以用在实际项目中的类,实现的功能有(仅NPOI):
因为测试期间发现MyXls导出速度要比NPOI慢3倍,而NPOI既能满足我们的导出需求,又能很好的满足我们的导入需求,所以只针对NPOI进行全方位功能实现及优化。
MyXls导出相关类:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using org.in2bits.MyXls; using org.in2bits.MyXls.ByteUtil; using System.Data; class ExcelHelper { public static void Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName) { XlsDocument xls = new XlsDocument(); xls.FileName = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssffff", System.Globalization.DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo); xls.SummaryInformation.Author = "yongfa365"; //填加xls文件作者信息 xls.SummaryInformation.NameOfCreatingApplication = "liu yongfa"; //填加xls文件创建程序信息 xls.SummaryInformation.LastSavedBy = "LastSavedBy"; //填加xls文件最后保存者信息 xls.SummaryInformation.Comments = "Comments"; //填加xls文件作者信息 xls.SummaryInformation.Title = "title"; //填加xls文件标题信息 xls.SummaryInformation.Subject = "Subject";//填加文件主题信息 xls.DocumentSummaryInformation.Company = "company";//填加文件公司信息 Worksheet sheet = xls.Workbook.Worksheets.Add("Sheet1");//状态栏标题名称 Cells cells = sheet.Cells; foreach (DataColumn col in dtSource.Columns) { Cell cell = cells.Add(1, col.Ordinal + 1, col.ColumnName); cell.Font.FontFamily = FontFamilies.Roman; //字体 cell.Font.Bold = true; //字体为粗体 } #region 填充内容 XF dateStyle = xls.NewXF(); dateStyle.Format = "yyyy-mm-dd"; for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { int rowIndex = i + 2; int colIndex = j + 1; string drValue = dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString(); switch (dtSource.Rows[i][j].GetType().ToString()) { case "System.String"://字符串类型 cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, drValue); break; case "System.DateTime"://日期类型 DateTime dateV; DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV); cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, dateV, dateStyle); break; case "System.Boolean"://布尔型 bool boolV = false; bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV); cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, boolV); break; case "System.Int16"://整型 case "System.Int32": case "System.Int64": case "System.Byte": int intV = 0; int.TryParse(drValue, out intV); cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, intV); break; case "System.Decimal"://浮点型 case "System.Double": double doubV = 0; double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV); cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, doubV); break; case "System.DBNull"://空值处理 cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, null); break; default: cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, null); break; } } } #endregion xls.FileName = strFileName; xls.Save(); } }
NPOI导入导出相关类:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data; using System.IO; using System.Text; using System.Web; using NPOI; using NPOI.HPSF; using NPOI.HSSF; using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; using NPOI.HSSF.Util; using NPOI.POIFS; using NPOI.Util; public class ExcelHelper { /// <summary> /// DataTable导出到Excel文件 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">表头文本</param> /// <param name="strFileName">保存位置</param> /// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author> public static void Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName) { using (MemoryStream ms = Export(dtSource, strHeaderText)) { using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)) { byte[] data = ms.ToArray(); fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length); fs.Flush(); } } } /// <summary> /// DataTable导出到Excel的MemoryStream /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">表头文本</param> /// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author> public static MemoryStream Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); #region 右击文件 属性信息 { DocumentSummaryInformation dsi = PropertySetFactory.CreateDocumentSummaryInformation(); dsi.Company = "http://www.yongfa365.com/"; workbook.DocumentSummaryInformation = dsi; SummaryInformation si = PropertySetFactory.CreateSummaryInformation(); si.Author = "柳永法"; //填加xls文件作者信息 si.ApplicationName = "NPOI测试程序"; //填加xls文件创建程序信息 si.LastAuthor = "柳永法2"; //填加xls文件最后保存者信息 si.Comments = "说明信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息 si.Title = "NPOI测试"; //填加xls文件标题信息 si.Subject = "NPOI测试Demo";//填加文件主题信息 si.CreateDateTime = DateTime.Now; workbook.SummaryInformation = si; } #endregion HSSFCellStyle dateStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); HSSFDataFormat format = workbook.CreateDataFormat(); dateStyle.DataFormat = format.GetFormat("yyyy-mm-dd"); //取得列宽 int[] arrColWidth = new int[dtSource.Columns.Count]; foreach (DataColumn item in dtSource.Columns) { arrColWidth[item.Ordinal] = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(item.ColumnName.ToString()).Length; } for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { int intTemp = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()).Length; if (intTemp > arrColWidth[j]) { arrColWidth[j] = intTemp; } } } int rowIndex = 0; foreach (DataRow row in dtSource.Rows) { #region 新建表,填充表头,填充列头,样式 if (rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0) { if (rowIndex != 0) { sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); } #region 表头及样式 { HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); headerRow.HeightInPoints = 25; headerRow.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(strHeaderText); HSSFCellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); headStyle.Alignment = CellHorizontalAlignment.CENTER; HSSFFont font = workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 20; font.Boldweight = 700; headStyle.SetFont(font); headerRow.GetCell(0).CellStyle = headStyle; sheet.AddMergedRegion(new Region(0, 0, 0, dtSource.Columns.Count - 1)); headerRow.Dispose(); } #endregion #region 列头及样式 { HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(1); HSSFCellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); headStyle.Alignment = CellHorizontalAlignment.CENTER; HSSFFont font = workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 10; font.Boldweight = 700; headStyle.SetFont(font); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName); headerRow.GetCell(column.Ordinal).CellStyle = headStyle; //设置列宽 sheet.SetColumnWidth(column.Ordinal, (arrColWidth[column.Ordinal] + 1) * 256); } headerRow.Dispose(); } #endregion rowIndex = 2; } #endregion #region 填充内容 HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { HSSFCell newCell = dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal); string drValue = row[column].ToString(); switch (column.DataType.ToString()) { case "System.String"://字符串类型 newCell.SetCellValue(drValue); break; case "System.DateTime"://日期类型 DateTime dateV; DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV); newCell.SetCellValue(dateV); newCell.CellStyle = dateStyle;//格式化显示 break; case "System.Boolean"://布尔型 bool boolV = false; bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV); newCell.SetCellValue(boolV); break; case "System.Int16"://整型 case "System.Int32": case "System.Int64": case "System.Byte": int intV = 0; int.TryParse(drValue, out intV); newCell.SetCellValue(intV); break; case "System.Decimal"://浮点型 case "System.Double": double doubV = 0; double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV); newCell.SetCellValue(doubV); break; case "System.DBNull"://空值处理 newCell.SetCellValue(""); break; default: newCell.SetCellValue(""); break; } } #endregion rowIndex++; } using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { workbook.Write(ms); ms.Flush(); ms.Position = 0; sheet.Dispose(); //workbook.Dispose();//一般只用写这一个就OK了,他会遍历并释放所有资源,但当前版本有问题所以只释放sheet return ms; } } /// <summary> /// 用于Web导出 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">表头文本</param> /// <param name="strFileName">文件名</param> /// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author> public static void ExportByWeb(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName) { HttpContext curContext = HttpContext.Current; // 设置编码和附件格式 curContext.Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel"; curContext.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; curContext.Response.Charset = ""; curContext.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(strFileName, Encoding.UTF8)); curContext.Response.BinaryWrite(Export(dtSource, strHeaderText).GetBuffer()); curContext.Response.End(); } /// <summary>读取excel /// 默认第一行为标头 /// </summary> /// <param name="strFileName">excel文档路径</param> /// <returns></returns> public static DataTable Import(string strFileName) { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook; using (FileStream file = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)) { hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file); } HSSFSheet sheet = hssfworkbook.GetSheetAt(0); System.Collections.IEnumerator rows = sheet.GetRowEnumerator(); HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++) { HSSFCell cell = headerRow.GetCell(j); dt.Columns.Add(cell.ToString()); } for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= sheet.LastRowNum; i++) { HSSFRow row = sheet.GetRow(i); DataRow dataRow = dt.NewRow(); for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++) { if (row.GetCell(j) != null) dataRow[j] = row.GetCell(j).ToString(); } dt.Rows.Add(dataRow); } return dt; } }
http://download.csdn.net/source/2330821
NPOI导出Excel表功能实现(多个工作簿):http://www.cnblogs.com/zhengjuzhuan/archive/2010/02/01/1661103.html
在 Server 端存取 Excel 檔案的利器:NPOI Library:http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/ee818993.aspx
ASP.NET使用NPOI类库导出Excel:http://www.cnblogs.com/niunan/archive/2010/03/30/1700706.html
通过以上分析,我们不难发现,用NPOI或MyXls代替是Excel是很明智的,在发文前,我看到NPOI及MyXls仍然在活跃的更新中。在使用过程中发现这两个组件极相似,以前看过文章说他们使用的内核是一样的。还有NPOI是国人开发的,且有相关中文文档,在很多地方有相关引用,下载量也很大。并且它支持Excel,看到MyXls相关问题基本上没人回答,所以推荐使用NPOI。MyXls可以直接Cell.Font.Bold操作,而NPOI得使用CellType多少感觉有点麻烦。
此文提到这个版本有个BUG,最新版本已经更正此BUG,最新版代码已经更新到我的 SVN上,有兴趣的可以弄下来看看