文章转自http://www.cnblogs.com/chenglong/articles/1892029.html,总结的很好,值得大家学习。
一、ContentProvider简介
当 应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据,但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用 文件方式对外共享数据,需要进行文件操作读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。Manifest.xml中的代码:
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".TestWebviewDemo" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> <intent-filter> <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login" /> </intent-filter> <intent-filter> <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <provider android:name="MyProvider" android:authorities="com.ruixin.login" /> </application>
需要在<application></application>中为provider进行注册!!!!
首先定义一个数据库的工具类:
public class RuiXin { public static final String DBNAME = "ruixinonlinedb"; public static final String TNAME = "ruixinonline"; public static final int VERSION = 3; public static String TID = "tid"; public static final String EMAIL = "email"; public static final String USERNAME = "username"; public static final String DATE = "date"; public static final String SEX = "sex"; public static final String AUTOHORITY = "com.ruixin.login"; public static final int ITEM = 1; public static final int ITEM_ID = 2; public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login"; public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login"; public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTOHORITY + "/ruixinonline"); }然后创建一个数据库
public class DBlite extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public DBlite(Context context) { super(context, RuiXin.DBNAME, null, RuiXin.VERSION); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db.execSQL("create table "+RuiXin.TNAME+"(" + RuiXin.TID+" integer primary key autoincrement not null,"+ RuiXin.EMAIL+" text not null," + RuiXin.USERNAME+" text not null," + RuiXin.DATE+" interger not null,"+ RuiXin.SEX+" text not null);"); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void add(String email,String username,String date,String sex){ SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(RuiXin.EMAIL, email); values.put(RuiXin.USERNAME, username); values.put(RuiXin.DATE, date); values.put(RuiXin.SEX, sex); db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME,"",values); } }接着创建一个Myprovider.java对数据库的接口进行包装:
public class MyProvider extends ContentProvider{ DBlite dBlite; SQLiteDatabase db; private static final UriMatcher sMatcher; static{ sMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY,RuiXin.TNAME, RuiXin.ITEM); sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY, RuiXin.TNAME+"/#", RuiXin.ITEM_ID); } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); int count = 0; switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) { case RuiXin.ITEM: count = db.delete(RuiXin.TNAME,selection, selectionArgs); break; case RuiXin.ITEM_ID: String id = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); count = db.delete(RuiXin.TID, RuiXin.TID+"="+id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(RuiXin.TID="?")?"AND("+selection+')':""), selectionArgs); break; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); } getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null); return count; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) { case RuiXin.ITEM: return RuiXin.CONTENT_TYPE; case RuiXin.ITEM_ID: return RuiXin.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); long rowId; if(sMatcher.match(uri)!=RuiXin.ITEM){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); } rowId = db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME,RuiXin.TID,values); if(rowId>0){ Uri noteUri=ContentUris.withAppendedId(RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, rowId); getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null); return noteUri; } throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); } @Override public boolean onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub this.dBlite = new DBlite(this.getContext()); // db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); // return (db == null)?false:true; return true; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); Cursor c; Log.d("-------", String.valueOf(sMatcher.match(uri))); switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) { case RuiXin.ITEM: c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, null); break; case RuiXin.ITEM_ID: String id = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, RuiXin.TID+"="+id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?"AND("+selection+')':""),selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder); break; default: Log.d("!!!!!!", "Unknown URI"+uri); throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); } c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri); return c; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0; } }
最后创建测试类:
public class Test extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private DBlite dBlite1 = new DBlite(this);; private ContentResolver contentResolver; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); //先对数据库进行添加数据 dBlite1.add(email,username,date,sex); //通过contentResolver进行查找 contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo.this.getContentResolver(); Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query( RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, new String[] { RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME, RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null, null, null); while (cursor.moveToNext()) { Toast.makeText( TestWebviewDemo.this, cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } startManagingCursor(cursor); //查找后关闭游标 } }
注:上面是在一个程序中进行的测试,也可以再新建一个工程来模拟一个新的程序,然后将上面查询的代码加到新的程序当中!这样就模拟了contentprovider的数据共享功能了!
新建个工程:TestProvider
创建一个测试的activity
public class Test extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private ContentResolver contentResolver; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); //通过contentResolver进行查找 contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo.this.getContentResolver(); Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query( RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, new String[] { RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME, RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null, null, null); while (cursor.moveToNext()) { Toast.makeText(TestWebviewDemo.this, cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } startManagingCursor(cursor); //查找后关闭游标 } }
运行此程序就能实现共享数据查询了!
注:新建的程序中的manifest.xml中不需要对provider进行注册,直接运行就行,否则会报错!