定义如下:
public interface IComparable
{
int CompareTo(object obj);
}
public interface IComparer<T>
{
int Compare(T x, T y);
}
public interface IComparable<T>
{
int CompareTo(T other);
}
public interface IEqualityComparer<T>
{
bool Equals(T x, T y);
int GetHashCode(T obj);
}
对于特定类型实现IComparer<T>接口,这样当你在实现排序算法时,即可调用IComparer<T>.Compare(T x, T y)进行对实例x,y的比较,方法返回值小于0,表明x小于y,若返回值等于0,表明x等于y,若返回值大于0,表明x大于y。对于IComparable<T>接口,当某类型实现该接口时,就可以再该类型实例上调用CompareTo(T other)方法,方法返回值小于0,表明实例小于other参数,若返回值等于0,表明实例等于other参数,若返回值大于0,表明实例大于other参数。对于IEqualityComparer<T>接口,可以根据对该接口的实现类,调用Equals(T x, T y)方法,返回true表明x和y相等。
现在准备一个雇员类,内含三个成员(年龄、姓名、所在部门),根据年龄大小来判断大小,年龄大的雇员大于年龄小的雇员。代码如下:
public class Employee : IComparable<Employee>
{
public int Age
{
get;
set;
}
public string Name
{
get;
set;
}
public string Department
{
get;
set;
}
public Employee(int age,string name,string department)
{
this.Age = age;
this.Name = name;
this.Department = department;
}
#region IComparable<Employee> Members
public int CompareTo(Employee other)
{
if (this.Age < other.Age) return -1;
if (this.Age == other.Age) return 0;
return 1;
}
#endregion
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Employee anders = new Employee(35, "Anders Wang", "Developer Division");
Employee jeffrey = new Employee(28, "Jeffrey Chen", "Developer Division");
Console.WriteLine(anders.CompareTo(jeffrey)); // output 1
Console.ReadKey();
}
从Employee的CompareTo看出,由于anders的Age>jeffrey的Age,所以anders.CompareTo(jeffrey)返回1,表明实例anders大于实例jeffrey。
也可以通过实现接口IComparer<T>,实现比较的功能。代码如下:
class EmployeeComparer:IComparer<Employee>
{
#region IComparer<Employee> Members
public int Compare(Employee x, Employee y)
{
if (x.Age < y.Age) return -1;
if (x.Age == y.Age) return 0;
return 1;
}
#endregion
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Employee anders = new Employee(35, "Anders Wang", "Developer Division");
Employee jeffrey = new Employee(28, "Jeffrey Chen", "Developer Division");
Console.WriteLine(new EmployeeComparer().Compare(anders, jeffrey));//output 1
Console.ReadKey();
}
以上代码也同样实现了比较功能。
要判断两个对象是否相等?我们可以通过实现IEqualityComparer<T>接口或者通过调用基类object的Equals方法。但是在大部分情况下,调用基类object的Equals方法需要进行强制转换,含有类型不安全的问题。下面我们通过EmployeeEqualityComparer来实现IEqualityComparer<T>。代码如下:
public class EmployeeEqualityComparer:IEqualityComparer<Employee>
{
#region IEqualityComparer<Employee> Members
public bool Equals(Employee x, Employee y)
{
if (x.Age == y.Age && x.Name == y.Name && x.Department == y.Department)
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
public int GetHashCode(Employee obj)
{
//由于是根据Age,Name,Department来进行判等的,
//所以哈希值的求取过程也要进行一定的修改,
//确保相等对象的哈希值也是相等的。
return obj.GetHashCode();
}
#endregion
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Employee anders = new Employee(35, "Anders Wang", "Developer Division");
Employee jeffrey = new Employee(28, "Jeffrey Chen", "Developer Division");
Employee steve = new Employee(35, "Anders Wang", "Developer Division");
Console.WriteLine(new EmployeeEqualityComparer().Equals(anders, jeffrey)); //output false
Console.WriteLine(new EmployeeEqualityComparer().Equals(anders, steve)); //output true
Console.ReadKey();
}
以上代码通过实现IEqualityComparer<T>接口说明了如何判断两个对象相等。
.NET框架提供了IComparable、IComparable<T>、IComparer<T>、IEqualityComparer<T>,这几个接口对于实现排序算法有着直接的作用,在泛型的帮助下,可以编写出通用的排序算法,只需要你根据特定的类型实现以上几个接口中的方法。正是因为接口,使得大家都有了规约,进而使得通用的排序算法实现变得可能。另外在处理和集合相关的类型时,比如字典,哈希表等数据结构时,当你因为具体的语义覆盖了键类型的Equals方法后,务必必也要覆盖GetHashCode方法。