[HongGe@Hzh1024n busybox-1.9.0]$ make ...... LINK busybox_unstripped Trying libraries: crypt m Library crypt is needed Library m is needed Final link with: crypt m [HongGe@Hzh1024n busybox-1.9.0]$ make install 3)安装glibc库 在开发板上只需要加载器和动态库,假设要构建的根文件系统目录为/home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs,操作如下: [HongGe@Hzh1024n busybox-1.9.0]$ cd /usr/local/arm/3.3.2/arm-linux/lib [HongGe@Hzh1024n lib]$ cp *.so* /home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs/lib -d 上面复制的库文件不是每个都会被用到,可以根据应用程序对库的依赖关系保留需要用到的。通过ldd命令可以查看一个程序会用到哪些库,主机自带的ldd命令不能查看交叉编译出来的程序,有以下两种替代方法。 *如果有uClibc-0.9.28的代码,可以进入utils子目录生成ldd.host工具。 $cd uClibc-0.9.28/utils $make ldd.host 然后将生成的ldd.host放到主机/usr/local/bin目录下即可 $ldd.host busybox *也可以使用下面命令 $arm-linux-readelf -a "your binary" | grep "shared" 比如对于动态链接的Busybox,它的库依赖关系如下。 0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libcrypt.so.1] 0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libm.so.6] 0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6] 4)修改和创建必要的文件。
[HongGe@Hzh1024n busybox-1.9.0]$ cp -a examples/bootfloppy/etc/* /home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs/etc/ [HongGe@Hzh1024n busybox-1.9.0]$ cd /home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs/etc/ |
1、增加为SHELL导入全局变量的文件/etc/profile [HongGe@Hzh1024n etc]$ kwrite profile
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells echo echo "Processing /etc/profile... " # no-op # Set search library path echo "Set search library path in /etc/profile" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib # Set user path echo "Set user path in /etc/profile" PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin export PATH # Set PS1 #注意:ash 除了SHELL变量外,支持\u、\h、\W、\$、\!、\n、\w 、\nnn(ASCII字符对应的八进制数) #以及\e[xx;xxm (彩色特效)等等! #而且前面还要多加一个 '\'!
echo "Set PS1 in /etc/profile" export PS1="\\e[05;32m[$USER@\\w\\a]\\$\\e[00;34m" echo "Done" echo |
2、增加初始化文件 [HongGe@Hzh1024n etc]$ kwrite inittab
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS ::restart:/sbin/init ::askfirst:-/bin/sh ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a |
[HongGe@Hzh1024n etc]$ kwrite fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev tmpfs defaults 0 0 |
3、增加初始化脚本 [HongGe@Hzh1024n etc]$ kwrite init.d/rcS
#! /bin/sh ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.67 echo "----------mount all" /bin/mount -a /bin/mkdir /dev/pts echo "----------Starting mdev......" /bin/mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts /bin/echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug mdev -s echo "*********************************************************" echo " HongGe Hzh1024n rootfs " echo " Wellcome ! ! " echo "********************************************************" |
4、删除备份文件 [HongGe@Hzh1024n etc]$ rm *~ init.d/*~ 5、为mdev创建配置文件 [HongGe@Hzh1024n etc]$ vi mdev.conf 创建一个mdev.conf文件,内容可有可无。 到此为止一个基本的根文件系统已经制作成功,下一步是挂载jffs2根文件系统。 如果要以挂载JFFS2格式的根文件系统,其基本方法就是将这个建立好的根文件系统制作成jffs2镜像,烧到FLASH中,改改Linux的启动参数即可。
具体做法如下:
一、宿主机HOST编译制做MTD工具
从
http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/下载mtd-utils 的tarball,可以下载最新的。然后解压,并在其目录下 make 就好!
二、制作根文件系统的JFFS2镜像。
使用MTD工具中的mkfs.jffs2命令,具体做法如下:
mkfs.jffs2 -r /home/work/hzh1024n/rootfs -o rootfs.jffs2 -e 0x4000 --pad=0x500000 -s 0x200 -n |
各参数的意义:
(1)-r : 指定要做成image的源資料夾.
(2)-o : 指定輸出image檔案的文件名.
(3)-e : 每一塊要抹除的block size,預設是64KB. 要注意,不同的flash, 其block size會不一樣. 我的是三星的K9F1208U0B.
(4)--pad (-p): 用16進制來表示所要輸出檔案的大小,也就是root.jffs2的size。很重要的是, 為了不浪費flash空間, 這個值最好符合flash driver所規劃的區塊大小.以我的板子來說,就是5MB.
(5)如果挂载后会出现类似:CLEANMARKER node found at 0x0042c000 has totlen 0xc != normal 0x0 的警告,则加上 -n 就会消失。
(6) 还有的选项,自己看帮助!-h
三、烧写JFFS2镜像到NAND FLASH。
将 rootfs.jffs2烧写到FLASH中,注意内核挂载文件系统的参数,按照参数把文件系统烧写到相关的位置当中。然后启动开发板。
Uncompressing Linux........................................................................................................ done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.6.22.6 (HongGe@Hzh1024n) (gcc version 3.3.2) #1 Wed Feb 07 11:18:36 CST 2008 CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177 Machine: Hzh1024n Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001) S3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256 Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 rw console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M irq: clearing pending ext status 00000200 irq: clearing subpending status 00000003 irq: clearing subpending status 00000002 PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes) timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a4ca, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e57 Console: colour dummy device 80x30 console [ttySAC0] enabled Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) Memory: 64MB = 64MB total Memory: 61464KB available (2960K code, 306K data, 120K init) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok net_namespace: 64 bytes NET: Registered protocol family 16 S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3C2440: Initialising architecture S3C2440: IRQ Support S3C2440: Clock Support, DVS off S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics DMA channel 0 at c4800000, irq 33 DMA channel 1 at c4800040, irq 34 DMA channel 2 at c4800080, irq 35 DMA channel 3 at c48000c0, irq 36 usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs usbcore: registered new interface driver hub usbcore: registered new device driver usb NET: Registered protocol family 2 IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048) TCP reno registered NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision) JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) ©; 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc. fuse init (API version 7.9) yaffs Feb 15 2008 10:10:34 Installing. io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered (default) io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled s3c2440-uart.: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440 RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize loop: module loaded dm9000 Ethernet Driver eth0: dm9000 at f6100300,f6100304 IRQ 51 MAC: 08:08:08:08:12:27 Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2 ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=1, 9ns Twrph0=4 39ns, Twrph1=1 9ns NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit) Scanning device for bad blocks Bad eraseblock 3579 at 0x037ec000 Creating 7 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit": 0x00000000-0x00020000 : "U-Boot-1.2.0" 0x00020000-0x00030000 : "U-Boot-1.2.0 Parameter" 0x00030000-0x00500000 : "Linux2.6.22.6 Kernel" 0x00500000-0x00a00000 : "Root(cramfs)" 0x00a00000-0x00f00000 : "Root(JFFS2)" 0x00f00000-0x01400000 : "Root(YAFFS)" 0x01400000-0x04000000 : "DATA" usbmon: debugfs is not available s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000 usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice hub 1-:1.: USB hub found hub 1-:1.: 2 ports detected mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0 s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10 s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-: S3C I2C adapter S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled TCP cubic registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 RPC: Registered udp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp transport module. s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2008-02-17 12:46:08 UTC (1203252368) VFS: Mounted root (jffs2 filesystem). Freeing init memory: 120K init started: BusyBox v1.9.1 (2008-02-16 15:04:08 CST) starting pid 779, tty '': '/etc/init.d/rcS' ----------mount all ----------Starting mdev...... ********************************************************* HongGe Hzh1024n rootfs Wellcome ! ! ******************************************************** starting pid 783, tty '': '/bin/login' (none) login: root Password: login[783]: root login on 'console' Processing /etc/profile... Set search library path in /etc/profile Set user path in /etc/profile Set PS1 in /etc/profile Done [root@~]# |
成功!!! 文章来自:http://my.oschina.net/u/137617/blog/27765 |