引用:点击打开链接
1.Apache POI简介
Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开放源码函式库,POI提供API给Java程式对Microsoft Office格式档案读和写的功能。 .NET的开发人员则可以利用NPOI (POI for .NET) 来存取 POI 的功能。
2.POI结构
HSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel XLS格式档案的功能。
XSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel OOXML XLSX格式档案的功能。
HWPF - 提供读写Microsoft Word DOC格式档案的功能。
HSLF - 提供读写Microsoft PowerPoint格式档案的功能。
HDGF - 提供读Microsoft Visio格式档案的功能。
HPBF - 提供读Microsoft Publisher格式档案的功能。
HSMF - 提供读Microsoft Outlook格式档案的功能。
3.Busy Developers' Guide to HSSF and XSSF Features
官方网站:http://poi.apache.org/spreadsheet/quick-guide.html
参考博客:http://langhua9527.iteye.com/blog/388005
4.参考实例
引用:http://blog.csdn.net/lenolong/article/details/3957735
在web开发中,有一个经典的功能,就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出,在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍,因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF,我这里就用两篇文章分别给大家介绍下。(注意,我们这里说的数据导出可不是数据库中的数据导出!么误会啦^_^)
呵呵,首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。这里我们用Apache POI!我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包:http://poi.apache.org/ ,我这里使用的是3.0.2版本。
将3个jar包导入到classpath下,什么?忘了怎么导包?不会吧!好,我们来写一个导出Excel的实用类(所谓实用,是指基本不用怎么修改就可以在实际项目中直接使用的!)。我一直强调做类也好,做方法也好,一定要通用性和灵活性强。下面这个类就算基本贯彻了我的这种思想。那么,熟悉许老师风格的人应该知道,这时候该要甩出一长串代码了。没错,大伙请看:
Student.java
- package org.leno.export.util;
-
- import java.util.Date;
-
- public class Student {
- private long id;
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private boolean sex;
- private Date birthday;
-
- public Student() {
- super();
-
- }
-
- public Student(long id, String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday) {
- super();
- this.id = id;
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- this.sex = sex;
- this.birthday = birthday;
- }
-
- public long getId() {
- return id;
- }
-
- public void setId(long id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
-
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
-
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public boolean getSex() {
- return sex;
- }
-
- public void setSex(boolean sex) {
- this.sex = sex;
- }
-
- public Date getBirthday() {
- return birthday;
- }
-
- public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
- this.birthday = birthday;
- }
-
- }
Book.java
- package org.leno.export.util;
-
- public class Book {
- private int bookId;
- private String name;
- private String author;
- private float price;
- private String isbn;
- private String pubName;
- private byte[] preface;
-
- public Book() {
- super();
- }
-
- public Book(int bookId, String name, String author, float price,
- String isbn, String pubName, byte[] preface) {
- super();
- this.bookId = bookId;
- this.name = name;
- this.author = author;
- this.price = price;
- this.isbn = isbn;
- this.pubName = pubName;
- this.preface = preface;
-
- }
-
- public int getBookId() {
- return bookId;
- }
-
- public void setBookId(int bookId) {
- this.bookId = bookId;
- }
-
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public String getAuthor() {
- return author;
- }
-
- public void setAuthor(String author) {
- this.author = author;
- }
-
- public float getPrice() {
- return price;
- }
-
- public void setPrice(float price) {
- this.price = price;
- }
-
- public String getIsbn() {
- return isbn;
- }
-
- public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
- this.isbn = isbn;
- }
-
- public String getPubName() {
- return pubName;
- }
-
- public void setPubName(String pubName) {
- this.pubName = pubName;
- }
-
- public byte[] getPreface() {
- return preface;
- }
-
- public void setPreface(byte[] preface) {
- this.preface = preface;
- }
-
- }
上面这两个类一目了然,就是两个简单的javabean风格的类。再看下面真正的重点类:
ExportExcel.java
- package org.leno.export.util;
-
- import java.io.*;
- import java.lang.reflect.*;
- import java.util.*;
- import java.util.regex.Matcher;
- import java.util.regex.Pattern;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
-
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
- public class ExportExcel<T> {
-
- public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) {
- exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
- }
-
- public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
- OutputStream out) {
- exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
- }
-
- public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
- OutputStream out, String pattern) {
- exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, pattern);
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,
- Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) {
-
- HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
-
- HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
-
- sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);
-
- HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
-
- style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
- style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
-
- HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
- font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
- font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
- font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
-
- style.setFont(font);
-
- HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
- style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
- style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
- style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
-
- HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
- font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
-
- style2.setFont(font2);
-
-
- HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
-
- HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
- 0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));
-
- comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释!"));
-
- comment.setAuthor("leno");
-
-
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
- for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
- cell.setCellValue(text);
- }
-
-
- Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
- int index = 0;
- while (it.hasNext()) {
- index++;
- row = sheet.createRow(index);
- T t = (T) it.next();
-
- Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
- for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
- cell.setCellStyle(style2);
- Field field = fields[i];
- String fieldName = field.getName();
- String getMethodName = "get"
- + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
- + fieldName.substring(1);
- try {
- Class tCls = t.getClass();
- Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
- new Class[] {});
- Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[] {});
-
- String textValue = null;
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- if (value instanceof Boolean) {
- boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
- textValue = "男";
- if (!bValue) {
- textValue = "女";
- }
- } else if (value instanceof Date) {
- Date date = (Date) value;
- SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
- textValue = sdf.format(date);
- } else if (value instanceof byte[]) {
-
- row.setHeightInPoints(60);
-
- sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));
-
- byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;
- HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,
- 1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);
- anchor.setAnchorType(2);
- patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(
- bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
- } else {
-
- textValue = value.toString();
- }
-
- if (textValue != null) {
- Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^
- Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
- if (matcher.matches()) {
-
- cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
- } else {
- HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
- textValue);
- HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
- font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
- richString.applyFont(font3);
- cell.setCellValue(richString);
- }
- }
- } catch (SecurityException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
-
- }
- }
-
- }
- try {
- workbook.write(out);
- } catch (IOException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- }
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>();
- String[] headers = { "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "出生日期" };
- List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>();
- dataset.add(new Student(10000001, "张三", 20, true, new Date()));
- dataset.add(new Student(20000002, "李四", 24, false, new Date()));
- dataset.add(new Student(30000003, "王五", 22, true, new Date()));
-
- ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();
- String[] headers2 = { "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN",
- "图书出版社", "封面图片" };
- List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();
- try {
- BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
- new FileInputStream("book.jpg"));
- byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
- while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1) {
-
- }
- dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "阳光出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "汤春秀出版社", buf));
-
- OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");
- OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls");
- ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
- ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);
- out.close();
- JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "导出成功!");
- System.out.println("excel导出成功!");
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
不行,头有点晕^_^。呵呵,又是泛型,又是反射,又是正则表达式,又是重载,还有多参数列表和POI API。一下子蹦出来,实在让人吃不消。不管了,顶住看效果先。在本地运行后,我们发现在E://下生成了两份excel文件:学生记录和图书记录,并且中文,数字,颜色,日期,图片等等一且正常。恩,太棒了。有人看到这里开始苦脸了:喂,我怎么一运行就报错啊!呵呵,看看什么错吧!哦,找不到文件,也就是说你没有book.jpg嘛。好,
拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前工程下吧。注意,您千万别把张桌面大小的图片丢进去了^_^!看到效果了吧。现在我们再来简单梳理一下代码,实际上上面就做了一个导出excel的方法和一个本地测试main()方法。并且代码的结构也很清晰,只是涉及的知识点稍微多一点。大家细心看看注释,结合要完成的功能,应该没有太大问题的。好啦,吃杯茶,擦把汗,总算把这个类消化掉,你又进步了。咦,你不是说是在WEB环境下导出的吗?别急,因为导出就是一个下载的过程。我们只需要在服务器端写一个Jsp或者Servlet组件完成输出excel到浏览器客户端的工作就好了。我们以Servlet为例,还是看代码吧:
Export.java
- package org.leno.export.util;
-
- import java.io.*;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
-
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
-
-
-
-
- public class Export extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
- static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- File file = new File(getServletContext()
- .getRealPath("WEB-INF/book.jpg"));
- response.setContentType("octets/stream");
- response.addHeader("Content-Disposition",
- "attachment;filename=test.xls");
-
- ExportExcel<Book> ex = new ExportExcel<Book>();
- String[] headers = { "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN", "图书出版社",
- "封面图片" };
- List<Book> dataset = new ArrayList<Book>();
- try {
- BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
- new FileInputStream(file));
- byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
- while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1) {
-
- }
- dataset.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567", "清华出版社",
- buf));
- dataset.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "阳光出版社", buf));
- dataset.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
- "清华出版社", buf));
- dataset.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "汤春秀出版社", buf));
- OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
- ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
- out.close();
- System.out.println("excel导出成功!");
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- doGet(request, response);
- }
- }
写完之后,如果您不是用eclipse工具生成的Servlet,千万别忘了在web.xml上注册这个Servelt。我用的是Eclipse工具生成的servlet,自动注册了servlet,注册内容如下:
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>Export</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/servlet/Export</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
而且同样的,
拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前WEB根目录的/WEB-INF/下。部署好web工程,用浏览器访问Servlet看下效果吧!
我的访问地址是:http://localhost:8080/TestExportExcel/servlet/Export。看看是不是下载成功了。呵呵,您可以将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来,这样您就大功告成了。完事了我们就思考:我们发现,我们做的方法,不管是本地调用,还是在WEB服务器端用Servlet调用;不管是输出学生列表,还是图书列表信息,代码都几乎一样,而且这些数据我们很容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩,类和方法的通用性和灵活性开始有点感觉了。好啦,祝您学习愉快!
生成的两个excel文档内容分别如下,第一个是测试学生,第二个是测试图书。