Ubuntu 上安装ftp服务器 vsftpd

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Ubuntu 用vsftpd 配置FTP服务器

小编工作了一段时间后，发现虽然网上关于这方面的有很多相关教程，要么很过于简单，对于小白同学理解不了；要不就是很“高端”，整一些对于个人来说，不常用甚至一辈子都用不上的东东，故此综合网上各类贴纸等资源，自己经过亲自尝试安装调试，整理一个下面的教程。

自此，小白同学再也不会为Ubuntu下用vsftpd安装FTP服务器而烦恼啦！（PS：这是一个最简单、最好用的教程；出发点：能用就好）本文在Ubuntu Server 14.04 amd64系统测试。

安装ftp

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

配置vsftpd.conf

sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf

#禁止匿名访问
anonymous_enable=NO
#接受本地用户
local_enable=YES
#允许上传
write_enable=YES
#用户只能访问限制的目录
chroot_local_user=YES
#设置固定目录，在结尾添加。如果不添加这一行，各用户对应自己的目录，当然这个文件夹自己建
local_root=/home/ftp

看网上说加一行“pam_service_name=vsftpd”，我看我这个配置文件本来就有，就不管了。

添加ftp用户

sudo useradd -d /home/ftp -M ftpuser
sudo passwd ftpuser

调整文件夹权限

这个是避免“500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()”

sudo chmod a-w /home/ftp
sudo mkdir /home/ftp/data

这样登录之后会看到data文件夹，虽然稍麻烦，原因不表了。。查资料这么辛酸已经不易。。

改pam.d/vsftpd

这时候直接用useradd的帐号登录ftp会530 login incorrect

sudo nano /etc/pam.d/vsftpd

注释掉

#auth    required pam_shells.so

重启vsftpd

sudo service vsftpd restart

这时就可以用刚才建的ftpuser这个用户登录ftp了，看到的是local_root设置的/home/ftp，并且限制在该目录。

可以在浏览器用ftp://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx访问，也可以用ftp软件比如flashFXP，密码就是ftpuser的密码。

关于用户访问文件夹限制

由chroot_local_user、chroot_list_enable、chroot_list_file这三个文件控制，转别人的一段话：

首先，chroot_list_enable好理解，就是：是否启用chroot_list_file配置的文件，如果为YES表示chroot_list_file配置的文件生效，否则不生效；
第二，chroot_list_file也简单，配置了一个文件路径，默认是/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list，该文件中会填入一些账户名称。但是这些账户的意义不是固定的，是跟配置项chroot_local_user有关的。后一条中说明；
第三，chroot_local_user为YES表示所有用户都*不能*切换到主目录之外其他目录，但是！除了chroot_list_file配置的文件列出的用户。chroot_local_user为NO表示所有用户都*能*切换到主目录之外其他目录，但是！除了chroot_list_file配置的文件列出的用户。也可以理解为，chroot_list_file列出的“例外情况”的用户。

如果客户端登录时候提示“以pasv模式连接失败”

编辑/etc/vsftpd.conf

最后添加

pasv_promiscuous=YES

然后再重启vsftpd服务。

sudo service vsftpd restart

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by xiaohelong

后记：登录不上的解决办法

建议这个文件， /etc/vsftpd_user_list，在里面添加ftpuser

chmod   777 -R /mnt/download

chown ftpuser /mnt/download

在vsftpd.conf文件首行添加 seccomp_sandbox=no

最后解决用户无法登录的问题

c

附vsftpd.conf 文件

seccomp_sandbox=no

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities.

#

#

# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone

# daemon started from an initscript.

listen=YES

#

# Run standalone with IPv6?

# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket

# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually

# exclusive.

#listen_ipv6=YES

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)

anonymous_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

local_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

#local_umask=022

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

#

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES

#

# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time

# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The

# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this

# option.

use_localtime=YES

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.

# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.

#xferlog_std_format=YES

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails

#

# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for

# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or

# chroot_list_enable below.

#chroot_local_user=YES

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that

# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the

# chroot)

#chroot_local_user=YES

local_root=/mnt/download

#chroot_list_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

#

# Customization

#

userlist_deny=NO

userlist_enable=YES

userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd_user_list #这个文件一定要建立,并且将能够访问的用户加进去

local_enable=YES

# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by

# default.

#

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the

# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used

# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem

# access.

secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty

#

# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.

pam_service_name=vsftpd

#

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL

# encrypted connections.

rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem

# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL

# encrypted connections.

rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

附 vsftpd_user_list

ftpuser