OCP认证考试指南（9）：操纵数据库数据（2）

1、Data Pump

Data Pump生成的文件具有下列3种形式：SQL文件、转储文件以及日志文件。

Data Pump在一个Oracle目录中读、写文件。DBA在数据库内创建一个目录，这个目录指向操作系统文件系统内的一个物理路径。Oracle目录始终属于用户SYS，但为了创建目录，必须授权“CREATE DIRECTORY”。

Data Pump导出数据：

^?[Copy to clipboard] View Code BASH

############################################### # 修改参数文件，在最后一行加上导出目录 UTL_FILE_DIR=/dp_dir # 因为oracle用户没有创建目录权限，用root创建，再授权给oracle ############################################### $ vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initora.ora   $ su 口令：   ＃ mkdir /dp_dir ＃ chown oracle:oinstall /dp_dir ＃ su oracle

 

^?[Copy to clipboard] View Code SQL

############################################### # 重新生成spfile文件，让实例重新加载 ###############################################   $ sqlplus /nolog   SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Sep 26 15:13:04 2008   Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.   SQL> conn / as sysdba Connected to an idle instance. SQL> create spfile from pfile;   File created.   SQL> startup ORACLE instance started.   Total System Global Area 264241152 bytes Fixed Size 1218868 bytes Variable Size 88082124 bytes Database Buffers 171966464 bytes Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> create user test identified by test 2 default tablespace mydemo;   User created.   SQL> alter user test quota 5M on mydemo;   User altered.   SQL> grant create session, create table, create any directory to test;   Grant succeeded.   SQL> create directory dp_dir as 'dp_dir';   Directory created.   SQL> grant all on directory dp_dir to public;   Grant succeeded.   SQL> conn test/test Connected. SQL> create table dp_test as select * from all_users;   Table created.   SQL> exit

^?[Copy to clipboard] View Code BASH

$ expdp test/test schemas=test directory=dp_dir dumpfile=test;   Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Friday, 26 September, 2008 15:37:36   Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.   Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options Starting "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": test/******** schemas=test directory=dp_dir dumpfile=test Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT . . exported "TEST"."DP_TEST" 5.929 KB 21 rows Master table "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ************************************************************************ Dump file set for TEST.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /dp_dir/test.dmp Job "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 15:38:00

Data Pump导入数据：

^?[Copy to clipboard] View Code SQL

SQL> conn test/test Connected. SQL> drop table dp_test;   Table dropped.   SQL> select * from dp_test; select * from dp_test * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

^?[Copy to clipboard] View Code BASH

$ impdp userid=test/test dumpfile=test.dmp directory=dp_dir;   Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Friday, 26 September, 2008 16:04:02   Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.   Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options Master table "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": userid=test/******** dumpfile=test.dmp directory=dp_dir Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA . . imported "TEST"."DP_TEST" 5.929 KB 21 rows Job "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 16:04:09

^?[Copy to clipboard] View Code SQL

SQL> conn test/test Connected. SQL> select count(*) from dp_test;   COUNT(*) ---------- 21

导出、导入都成功！！！耶~

2、SQL*Loader

需要批量上载第三方系统所生成的数据集，我们就可以用SQL*Loader。

^?[Copy to clipboard] View Code BASH

＃ chown -R oracle:oinstall /ora01 ＃ chmod -R 777 /ora01 ＃ su oracle   $ vi /ora01/test.ctl load data infile '/ora01/test.bat' append into table dp_test fields terminated by ',' (username,user_id)   $ vi /ora01/test.bat hn,555 Damir,666 John,777   $ sqlldr userid=test/test control=/ora01/test.ctl   SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Sep 26 17:45:22 2008   Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.   Commit point reached - logical record count 4

OK，加载成功！不行，进入查看，会发现，多了三条记录了。

^?[Copy to clipboard] View Code SQL

SQL> conn test/test Connected. SQL> select count(*) from dp_test;   COUNT(*) ---------- 24