各语言打印调用栈

java里面可以使用Throwable类来获取堆栈，示例代码如下：

 package name.xu;
 public class CallStack {
     public static void printCallStatck() {
         Throwable ex = new Throwable();
         StackTraceElement[] stackElements = ex.getStackTrace();
         if (stackElements != null) {
             for (int i = 0; i < stackElements.length; i++) {
                 System.out.print(stackElements[i].getClassName()+"/t");
                 System.out.print(stackElements[i].getFileName()+"/t");
                 System.out.print(stackElements[i].getLineNumber()+"/t");
                 System.out.println(stackElements[i].getMethodName());
                 System.out.println("-----------------------------------");
             }
         }
     }

 }

 

C#里面使用与java类似的方法，示例代码如下：

 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 namespace TestProjectCSharp
 {
     class CallStack
     {
         public static void printCallStack()
         {
             StackTrace ss = new StackTrace(true);
             String flName = ss.GetFrame(1).GetFileName();// GetMethod().DeclaringType;
             int lineNo = ss.GetFrame(1).GetFileLineNumber();
             String methodName = ss.GetFrame(1).GetMethod().Name;
             Console.WriteLine(flName+"---"+lineNo+"---"+methodName);
         }
     }
 }

 

 

c里面获取堆栈跟系统有关（主要是获取函数名称不一致，获取地址是一致的），

linux下使用backtrace和backtrace_symbols函数，示例代码如下：（编译方法：gcc -o funstack -rdynamic -ldl funstack.c）

 //funstack.c
 #define _GNU_SOURCE
 #include <memory.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <ucontext.h>
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <execinfo.h>
 #if defined(REG_RIP)
 # define SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64
 # define REGFORMAT "%016lx"
 #elif defined(REG_EIP)
 # define SIGSEGV_STACK_X86
 # define REGFORMAT "%08x"
 #else
 # define SIGSEGV_STACK_GENERIC
 # define REGFORMAT "%x"
 #endif
 static void signal_segv(int signum, siginfo_t* info, void*ptr) {
         static const char *si_codes[3] = {"", "SEGV_MAPERR", "SEGV_ACCERR"};
         size_t i;
         ucontext_t *ucontext = (ucontext_t*)ptr;
 #if defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64)
         int f = 0;
         Dl_info dlinfo;
         void **bp = 0;
         void *ip = 0;
 #else
         void *bt[20];
         char **strings;
         size_t sz;
 #endif
 #if defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64)
 # if defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64)
         ip = (void*)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RIP];
         bp = (void**)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RBP];
 # elif defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_X86)
         ip = (void*)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP];
         bp = (void**)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EBP];
 # endif
         fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace:/n");
         while(bp && ip) {
                 if(!dladdr(ip, &dlinfo))
                         break;
                 const char *symname = dlinfo.dli_sname;
                 fprintf(stderr, "% 2d: %p %s+%u (%s)/n",
                                 ++f,
                                 ip,
                                 symname,
                                 (unsigned)(ip - dlinfo.dli_saddr),
                                 dlinfo.dli_fname);
                 if(dlinfo.dli_sname && !strcmp(dlinfo.dli_sname, "main"))
                         break;
                 ip = bp[1];
                 bp = (void**)bp[0];
         }
 #else
         fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace (non-dedicated):/n");
         sz = backtrace(bt, 20);
         strings = backtrace_symbols(bt, sz);
         for(i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
                 fprintf(stderr, "%s/n", strings[i]);
 #endif
         fprintf(stderr, "End of stack trace/n");
         return;
 }
 int setup_sigsegv() {
         struct sigaction action;
         memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
         action.sa_sigaction = signal_segv;
         action.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
         if(sigaction(SIGUSR1, &action, NULL) < 0) {
                 perror("sigaction");
                 return 0;
         }
         return 1;
 }

 void func1()
 {
         raise(SIGUSR1);
         return ;
 }
 void func2()
 {
         raise(SIGUSR1);
         return ;
 }
 void entry()
 {
         func1();
         func2();
         return;
 }
 int main()
 {
         setup_sigsegv();
         entry();
 }

 

 

windows下使用GetThreadContext ，StackWalk，SymGetOptions ，SymFunctionTableAccess，示例代码如下：

 #include "SimpleSymbolEngine.h"
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <psapi.h>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <dbghelp.h>
 #pragma comment( lib, "dbghelp" )
 static char const szRCSID[] = "$Id: SimpleSymbolEngine.cpp,v 1.4 2005/05/04 21:52:05 Eleanor Exp $";
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Singleton for the engine (SymInitialize doesn't support multiple calls)
 SimpleSymbolEngine& SimpleSymbolEngine::instance()
 {
 static SimpleSymbolEngine theEngine;
     return theEngine;
 }
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 SimpleSymbolEngine::SimpleSymbolEngine()
 {
     hProcess = GetCurrentProcess();
     DWORD dwOpts = SymGetOptions();
     dwOpts |= SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES | SYMOPT_DEFERRED_LOADS;
     SymSetOptions ( dwOpts );
     ::SymInitialize( hProcess, 0, true );
 }
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 SimpleSymbolEngine::~SimpleSymbolEngine()
 {
     ::SymCleanup( hProcess );
 }
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 std::string SimpleSymbolEngine::addressToString( PVOID address )
 {
     std::ostringstream oss;
     // First the raw address
     oss << "0x" << address;
     // Then any name for the symbol
     struct tagSymInfo
     {
         IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL symInfo;
         char nameBuffer[ 4 * 256 ];
     } SymInfo = { { sizeof( IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL ) } };
     IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL * pSym = &SymInfo.symInfo;
     pSym->MaxNameLength = sizeof( SymInfo ) - offsetof( tagSymInfo, symInfo.Name );
     DWORD dwDisplacement;
     if ( SymGetSymFromAddr( hProcess, (DWORD)address, &dwDisplacement, pSym) )
     {
         oss << " " << pSym->Name;
         if ( dwDisplacement != 0 )
             oss << "+0x" << std::hex << dwDisplacement << std::dec;
     }

     // Finally any file/line number
     IMAGEHLP_LINE lineInfo = { sizeof( IMAGEHLP_LINE ) };
     if ( SymGetLineFromAddr( hProcess, (DWORD)address, &dwDisplacement, &lineInfo ) )
     {
         char const *pDelim = strrchr( lineInfo.FileName, '//' );
         oss << " at " << ( pDelim ? pDelim + 1 : lineInfo.FileName ) << "(" << lineInfo.LineNumber << ")";
     }
     return oss.str();
 }
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // StackTrace: try to trace the stack to the given output
 void SimpleSymbolEngine::StackTrace( PCONTEXT pContext, std::ostream & os )
 {
     os << "  Frame       Code address/n";
     STACKFRAME stackFrame = {0};
     stackFrame.AddrPC.Offset = pContext->Eip;
     stackFrame.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
     stackFrame.AddrFrame.Offset = pContext->Ebp;
     stackFrame.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
     stackFrame.AddrStack.Offset = pContext->Esp;
     stackFrame.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
     while ( ::StackWalk(
        IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386,
        hProcess,
        GetCurrentThread(), // this value doesn't matter much if previous one is a real handle
        &stackFrame,
        pContext,
        NULL,
        ::SymFunctionTableAccess,
        ::SymGetModuleBase,
        NULL ) )
     {
         os << "  0x" << (PVOID) stackFrame.AddrFrame.Offset << "  " << addressToString( (PVOID)stackFrame.AddrPC.Offset ) << "/n";
     }
     os.flush();
 }

 

完整的代码到http://www.howzatt.demon.co.uk/articles/SimpleSymbolEngine.zip下载。http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx里面也有例子。

 

参考：

http://www.diybl.com/course/3_program/java/javashl/2008119/96739.html

http://topic.csdn.net/u/20090618/11/7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html

http://bbs3.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=950357&extra=&page=2

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx

http://topic.csdn.net/u/20070515/21/fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html

http://www.diybl.com/course/3_program/c++/cppjs/20090403/163752_2.html

http://accu.org/index.php/journals/276

http://blog.thepimp.net/archives/how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html