Thrift入门及Java实例演示

目录:
概述
下载配置
基本概念
数据类型
服务端编码基本步骤
客户端编码基本步骤
数据传输协议
实例演示(java)
 thrift生成代码
 实现接口Iface
TSimpleServer服务模型
TThreadPoolServer 服务模型
TNonblockingServer 服务模型
THsHaServer服务模型
异步客户端
[一]、概述


Thrift是一个软件框架,用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务的开发。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈和代码生成引擎,以构建在 C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, and OCaml 等等编程语言间无缝结合的、高效的服务。


Thrift最初由facebook开发,07年四月开放源码,08年5月进入apache孵化器。thrift允许你定义一个简单的定义文件中的数据类型和服务接口。以作为输入文件,编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言。


官网地址:thrift.apache.org


推荐值得一看的文章:


http://jnb.ociweb.com/jnb/jnbJun2009.html
http://wiki.apache.org/thrift
http://thrift.apache.org/static/files/thrift-20070401.pdf
[二]、下载配置


到官网下载最新版本,截止今日(2012-06-11)最新版本为0.8.0.


1. 如果是Maven构建项目的,直接在pom.xml 中添加如下内容:


1
<dependency>
2
  <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
3
  <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
4
  <version>0.8.0</version>
5
</dependency>
2.如果自己编译lib包,把下载的压缩包解压到X:盘,然后在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java 目录下运行ant进行自动编译,会在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java\build\ 目录下看到编译好的lib包:libthrift-0.8.0.jar


[三]、基本概念


1.数据类型


基本类型:
bool:布尔值,true 或 false,对应 Java 的 boolean
byte:8 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 byte
i16:16 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 short
i32:32 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 int
i64:64 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 long
double:64 位浮点数,对应 Java 的 double
string:utf-8编码的字符串,对应 Java 的 String
结构体类型:
struct:定义公共的对象,类似于 C 语言中的结构体定义,在 Java 中是一个 JavaBean
容器类型:
list:对应 Java 的 ArrayList
set:对应 Java 的 HashSet
map:对应 Java 的 HashMap
异常类型:
exception:对应 Java 的 Exception
服务类型:
service:对应服务的类
2.服务端编码基本步骤:


实现服务处理接口impl
创建TProcessor
创建TServerTransport
创建TProtocol
创建TServer
启动Server
3.客户端编码基本步骤:


创建Transport
创建TProtocol
基于TTransport和TProtocol创建 Client
调用Client的相应方法
4.数据传输协议


TBinaryProtocol : 二进制格式.
TCompactProtocol : 压缩格式
TJSONProtocol : JSON格式
TSimpleJSONProtocol : 提供JSON只写协议, 生成的文件很容易通过脚本语言解析
tips:客户端和服务端的协议要一致


[四]、实例演示


1. thrift生成代码


创建Thrift文件:G:\test\thrift\demoHello.thrift ,内容如下:




namespace java com.micmiu.thrift.demo

service  HelloWorldService {


  string sayHello(1:string username)


}
目录结构如下:


G:\test\thrift>tree /F
卷 other 的文件夹 PATH 列表
卷序列号为 D238-BE47
G:.
    demoHello.thrift
    demouser.thrift
    thrift-0.8.0.exe


没有子文件夹
thrift-0.8.0.exe 是官网提供的windows下编译工具,运用这个工具生成相关代码:


1
thrift-0.8.0.exe -r -gen java ./demoHello.thrift
生成后的目录结构如下:


G:\test\thrift>tree /F
卷 other 的文件夹 PATH 列表
卷序列号为 D238-BE47
G:.
│  demoHello.thrift
│  demouser.thrift
│  thrift-0.8.0.exe

└─gen-java
    └─com
        └─micmiu
            └─thrift
                └─demo
                        HelloWorldService.java
将生成的HelloWorldService.java 文件copy到自己测试的工程中,我的工程是用maven构建的,故在pom.xml中增加如下内容:




<dependency>


    <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>


    <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>


    <version>0.8.0</version>


</dependency>


<dependency>


    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>


    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>


    <version>1.5.8</version>


</dependency>
2. 实现接口Iface


java代码:HelloWorldImpl.java




package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;


 


import org.apache.thrift.TException;


 


/**


 * blog http://www.micmiu.com


 *


 * @author Michael


 *


 */


public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorldService.Iface {
 

    public HelloWorldImpl() {


    }


 

    @Override


    public String sayHello(String username) throws TException {


        return "Hi," + username + " welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com";


    }

 

}
3.TSimpleServer服务端


简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试。


编写服务端server代码:HelloServerDemo.java



package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;


 


import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TSimpleJSONProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;


 


/**
 * blog http://www.micmiu.com
 *
 * @author Michael
 *
 */
public class HelloServerDemo {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;


 
    public void startServer() {


        try {


            System.out.println("HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ....");


 


            TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(

                    new HelloWorldImpl());


            // HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface> tprocessor =


            // new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(

            // new HelloWorldImpl());


 


            // 简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试

            TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);


            TServer.Args tArgs = new TServer.Args(serverTransport);


            tArgs.processor(tprocessor);

            tArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());


            // tArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());


            // tArgs.protocolFactory(new TJSONProtocol.Factory());


            TServer server = new TSimpleServer(tArgs);


            server.serve();


 

        } catch (Exception e) {


            System.out.println("Server start error!!!");


            e.printStackTrace();


        }


    }


 


    /**


     * @param args


     */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();


        server.startServer();

    }

 

}
编写客户端Client代码:HelloClientDemo.java




package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;


 


import org.apache.thrift.TException;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;

 


/**

 * blog http://www.micmiu.com


 * @author Michael

 */


public class HelloClientDemo {


    public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";


    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;


    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;


    /**


     *


     * @param userName


     */


    public void startClient(String userName) {


        TTransport transport = null;


        try {


            transport = new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);


            // 协议要和服务端一致


            TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);


            // TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);


            // TProtocol protocol = new TJSONProtocol(transport);


            HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(


                    protocol);


            transport.open();


            String result = client.sayHello(userName);


            System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);


        } catch (TTransportException e) {


            e.printStackTrace();


        } catch (TException e) {


            e.printStackTrace();


        } finally {


            if (null != transport) {


                transport.close();


            }


        }


    }


 


    /**


     * @param args


     */


    public static void main(String[] args) {


        HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo();


        client.startClient("Michael");


    }


}
先运行服务端程序,日志如下:


HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ....
再运行客户端调用程序,日志如下:


Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com
测试成功,和预期的返回信息一致。


4.TThreadPoolServer 服务模型


线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。


编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.java




package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;


import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;


 
/**


 * blog http://www.micmiu.com
 * @author Michael
 */


public class HelloServerDemo {


    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;


 


    public void startServer() {


        try {


            System.out.println("HelloWorld TThreadPoolServer start ....");


            TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(


                    new HelloWorldImpl());


 


             TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);

             TThreadPoolServer.Args ttpsArgs = new TThreadPoolServer.Args(


             serverTransport);

             ttpsArgs.processor(tprocessor);


             ttpsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());


 


            // 线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。


             TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(ttpsArgs);


             server.serve();
 


        } catch (Exception e) {


            System.out.println("Server start error!!!");


            e.printStackTrace();


        }


    }

    /**


     * @param args


     */


    public static void main(String[] args) {


        HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();


        server.startServer();


    }


}
客户端Client代码和之前的一样,只要数据传输的协议一致即可,客户端测试成功,结果如下:


Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com
5.TNonblockingServer 服务模型


使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定 TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。


编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.java




package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;




import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;


/**


 * blog http://www.micmiu.com


 *


 * @author Michael


 *


 */


public class HelloServerDemo {


    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;


    public void startServer() {


        try {


            System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ....");


 


            TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(


                    new HelloWorldImpl());






            TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(


                    SERVER_PORT);


            TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(


                    tnbSocketTransport);


            tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);


            tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());


            tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());


 


            // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式


            TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);


            server.serve();


 


        } catch (Exception e) {


            System.out.println("Server start error!!!");


            e.printStackTrace();


        }


    }


 


    /**


     * @param args


     */


    public static void main(String[] args) {


        HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();


        server.startServer();


    }


}
编写客户端代码:HelloClientDemo.java




package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;


import org.apache.thrift.TException;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;


/**


 * blog http://www.micmiu.com


 *


 * @author Michael


 *


 */


public class HelloClientDemo {


    public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";


    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;


    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;




    /**


     *


     * @param userName

     */


    public void startClient(String userName) {


        TTransport transport = null;


        try {


            transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP,


                   SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT));


            // 协议要和服务端一致


            TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);


            HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(


                    protocol);


            transport.open();


            String result = client.sayHello(userName);


            System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);


        } catch (TTransportException e) {


            e.printStackTrace();


        } catch (TException e) {


            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {


            if (null != transport) {


               transport.close();


            }


        }


    }

 

    /**

     * @param args

     */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo();


        client.startClient("Michael");

    }

}
客户端的测试成功,结果如下:


Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com
6.THsHaServer服务模型


半同步半异步的服务端模型,需要指定为: TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。


编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.java




package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;


 


import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.server.THsHaServer;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;


 


/**


 * blog http://www.micmiu.com


 *


 * @author Michael
 *


 */


public class HelloServerDemo {


    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;


 


    public void startServer() {


        try {


            System.out.println("HelloWorld THsHaServer start ....");


 


            TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(


                    new HelloWorldImpl());






            TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(


                    SERVER_PORT);


            THsHaServer.Args thhsArgs = new THsHaServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);


            thhsArgs.processor(tprocessor);


            thhsArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());


            thhsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());


 


            //半同步半异步的服务模型


            TServer server = new THsHaServer(thhsArgs);


            server.serve();






        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Server start error!!!");


            e.printStackTrace();


        }


    }


 


    /**


     * @param args


     */


    public static void main(String[] args) {


        HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();


        server.startServer();


    }


 


}
客户端代码和上面 4 中的类似,只要注意传输协议一致以及指定传输方式为TFramedTransport。


7.异步客户端


编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.java




package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;


 


import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;


import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;


 


/**


 * blog http://www.micmiu.com


 *


 * @author Michael


 *


 */


public class HelloServerDemo {


    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;


 


    public void startServer() {


        try {


            System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ....");


 


            TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(


                    new HelloWorldImpl());


 


            TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(


                    SERVER_PORT);


            TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(


                    tnbSocketTransport);


            tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);


            tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());


            tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());


 


            // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式


            TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);


            server.serve();


 


        } catch (Exception e) {


            System.out.println("Server start error!!!");


            e.printStackTrace();


       }


    }


 


    /**


     * @param args


     */


    public static void main(String[] args) {


        HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();


        server.startServer();


    }


 


}
编写客户端Client代码:HelloAsynClientDemo.java




package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;






import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;


import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;


 


import org.apache.thrift.TException;


import org.apache.thrift.async.AsyncMethodCallback;


import org.apache.thrift.async.TAsyncClientManager;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;


import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolFactory;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingSocket;


import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingTransport;


 


import com.micmiu.thrift.demo.HelloWorldService.AsyncClient.sayHello_call;


 


/**


 * blog http://www.micmiu.com


 *


 * @author Michael


 *


 */


public class HelloAsynClientDemo {


 


    public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";


    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;


    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;


 


    /**


    *


    * @param userName


     */


    public void startClient(String userName) {


        try {


            TAsyncClientManager clientManager = new TAsyncClientManager();


            TNonblockingTransport transport = new TNonblockingSocket(SERVER_IP,


                    SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);


 


            TProtocolFactory tprotocol = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();


            HelloWorldService.AsyncClient asyncClient = new HelloWorldService.AsyncClient(


                    tprotocol, clientManager, transport);


            System.out.println("Client start .....");


 


            CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);


            AsynCallback callBack = new AsynCallback(latch);


            System.out.println("call method sayHello start ...");


            asyncClient.sayHello(userName, callBack);


            System.out.println("call method sayHello .... end");


            boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);


            System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait);


        } catch (Exception e) {


            e.printStackTrace();


        }


        System.out.println("startClient end.");


    }


 


    public class AsynCallback implements AsyncMethodCallback<sayHello_call> {


        private CountDownLatch latch;


 


        public AsynCallback(CountDownLatch latch) {


            this.latch = latch;


        }


 


        @Override


        public void onComplete(sayHello_call response) {


            System.out.println("onComplete");


            try {


                // Thread.sleep(1000L * 1);


                System.out.println("AsynCall result =:"


                        + response.getResult().toString());


            } catch (TException e) {


                e.printStackTrace();


            } catch (Exception e) {


                e.printStackTrace();


            } finally {


                latch.countDown();


            }


        }


 


        @Override


        public void onError(Exception exception) {


            System.out.println("onError :" + exception.getMessage());


            latch.countDown();


        }


    }


 


    /**


     * @param args


     */


    public static void main(String[] args) {


        HelloAsynClientDemo client = new HelloAsynClientDemo();


        client.startClient("Michael");


    }
}
先运行服务程序,再运行客户端程序,测试结果如下:


Client start .....
call method sayHello start ...
call method sayHello .... end
onComplete
AsynCall result =:Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com
latch.await =:true

startClient end.

转自:http://www.micmiu.com/soa/rpc/thrift-sample/

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