本文说明:本文介绍使用maven搭建SpringMVC最简单的框架程序过程,适合初学者上手。
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1.创建一个maven webapp工程。
2.修改WEB-INF目录下的web.xml文件:
内容如下,文中有注释
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!-- spring MVC的核心就是DispatcherServlet,使用springMVC的第一步就是将下面的servlet放入web.xml servlet-name属性非常重要,默认情况下,DispatchServlet会加载这个名字-servlet.xml的文件,如下,就会加载 dispather-servlet.xml,也是在WEN-INF目录下。 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- 设置dispatchservlet的匹配模式,通过把dispatchservlet映射到/,默认servlet会处理所有的请求,包括静态资源 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 字符集过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
3.在WEN-INF目录下创建dispatcher-servlet.xml
内容如下,文中有注释。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd" default-lazy-init="true"> <!-- 通过mvc:resources设置静态资源,这样servlet就会处理这些静态资源,而不通过控制器 --> <!-- 设置不过滤内容,比如:css,jquery,img 等资源文件 --> <mvc:resources location="/*.html" mapping="/**.html" /> <mvc:resources location="/css/*" mapping="/css/**" /> <mvc:resources location="/js/*" mapping="/js/**" /> <mvc:resources location="/images/*" mapping="/images/**" /> <!-- 添加注解驱动 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 默认扫描的包路径 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.my.web" /> <!-- mvc:view-controller可以在不需要Controller处理request的情况,转向到设置的View --> <!-- 像下面这样设置,如果请求为/,则不通过controller,而直接解析为/index.jsp --> <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <!-- 配置jsp路径前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <!-- 配置URl后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>说明: 其中<!-- 默认扫描的包路径 -->
4.使用maven引入SpringMVC所依赖的jar包。
修改pom.xml文件
4.1添加属性,在<project>标签中
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <spring.version>3.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties>
<!-- spring begin --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring end -->
做完上面的准备工作之后就可以写代码了。
5.写前台页面:
在maven工程中生成的有一个index.jsp,将其修改成一下内容,很简单,只是一个登陆框,提交一个form表单,中的用户名和密码。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>欢迎</title> </head> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> <form action="login"> 用户名:<input id="username" name="username" type="text"></input><br> 密 码:<input id="username" name="password" type="password"></input><br> <input type="submit"> </form> <span>当前IP:<%=request.getRemoteAddr() %></span> </body> </html>
package com.my.web.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; /** * TODO 控制层代码 * @author 591791 * @date 2014年11月27日 */ @Controller public class MyController { @RequestMapping("login") //用来处理前台的login请求 private @ResponseBody String hello( @RequestParam(value = "username", required = false)String username, @RequestParam(value = "password", required = false)String password ){ return "Hello "+username+",Your password is: "+password; } }