python学习(上)

先安装Python运行环境:
下载python2.7,配置python环境变量,在命令行输入pathon,出现版本信息即安装成功。
python语法特点:

#coding=utf-8                #注释中中文出错的解决办法
print 'hello world'
if True:
    print 'hello'     #注意空格,多行注释用'''    ''' 
_name='peter'    #变量名合法
age=24
#say='let's it go'   会出错的!引号是成对出现,把单引号改为双引号就行,这也是Python出现单引号的原因
say='let\'s it go'   #可以
print name
print type(24)     #输出类型,结果是<type 'int'>
print 2**3     #2的3次方
print id(name)         #获取内存地址
print 3.0/2           #结果是1.5
print 3.0//2        #结果是1.0 ,这是整数除法
a=int(raw_input('please input num1:'))        #用户输入数值
b=int(raw_input("please input num2:"))
print a-b
                                                                #数据类型:字符串,元祖,列表,字典
str1='abcdefg'                                                                  #字符串操作
str2='1234567'
print str1[0]
print str1[ :4]
print str1[::2]       #从开头到结尾,两步一取,结果aceg
print len(str1)
print str1+str2
print str1*5
print "#"*40
print "c" in str1
print max(str2)
print cmp(str1,str2) 

t1=("chenchen",12,"male")  #元祖tuple                                                                                       
print t1[0]
t2=()
t3=(1,)
print type(t1)
print type(t2)
print type(t3)
name,age,sex=t1
print t1
a,b,c=(1,2,3)
print a

listdemo=[]      #列表list                                                               
print type(listdemo)
listdemo=["chenchen",12,"male"]
t=("chenchen",12,"male")
print t[0]+"\n"+listdemo[0]
print listdemo[0:]
print t[0:2]
listdemo[1]=13       #元祖不可改值,序列可以
listdemo.append("student")
#listdemo.remove('student')
#listdemo.remove(listdemo[3])
del(listdemo[3])
print listdemo


dic={'name':'chenchen','age':24,'sex':'male'}   #字典                                
#print dic['name']
for k in dic:
    print k
for k in dic:
    print dic[k]
dic['tel']='15951813036'         #插入顺序不固定,字典是哈希类型
print dic.pop('tel')   #弹出并删除
#dic.clear()    #清空里面
#del(dic)       #删除字典
print dic.get('ah','error') #取不到,输出error
print dic.keys()
print dic.values()
#print dic

def func():                                 #if-else
return 1
if func():
    print 'ok!'
"""x=int(raw_input("please input number:"))
if x>3:
    print 'x>3'
elif x<3:
    print 'x<3'
else:
    print 'x=3'"""

if 1<2 and 2<3:                               #and,or,not
    print 'ok'
if 1<2 or 2>3:
    print "ok"
if not 1>2:
    print 'ok'
print "#"*40




"""str='abcd'                                     #for
for x in str:
    print x,'hello'
for x in [0,1,2]:
    print str[x],'hello'
for x in range(len(str)):
    print str[x],'python'"""
s=0
for x in range(1,101):
    s=s+x
print s
s="abcd"
t=(1,'as','x33',3)
l=[1,'as','x33',3]
for i in s:             #字符串,元祖,列表都可以这样遍历
    print i
for x in range(0,len(s)): #字符串,元祖,列表都可以这样遍历
    print s[x]

d={'name':'chenchen','age':24,'sex':'male'}#遍历字典
for k,v in d.items():  #d.item()把字典变为元祖
    print k,v

for i in range(10):
    print i
    if 2==i:
        pass
    if 3==i:
        print 'hello 333333333'
        continue     #加不加没区别
    if 6==i:
        break
else:
    print 'ending'#正常结束就显示ending
print "#"*40




"""x=''                                                  #while
while x!='q':
    print 'hello'
    x=raw_input("please input 'q' exit:")
else:      
    print 'ending'#正常结束就显示ending
"""




def func(a=4,b=3):                                         #函数
    print a,b
func(3)
func(88,38)
func()
func(b=3)

def func1():
    a=100
    global p
    p=200
    print a,p
func1()  #这句必须有,使得func1运行,里面定义全局变量p
print p

def func2(x,y):
    print x,y
t10=("name","age")      
func2(t10,1)    #元祖是个整体,只是一个值
func2(*t10)     #*代表是个元祖
d={'name':'chen','age':24}
#func2(**d)#**代表是字典,但传字典键值要求与形参键值一致,否则出错
func2(d['name'],d['age'])

def func3(a,*b):       #b是元祖,参数除第一个值,其余放进元祖
    print a,b
func3(1,2,4,5,67,8) #输出是1 (2,4,5,67,8)

def func4(a,*b,**c):      #c是字典
    print a,b,c
func4(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,x=3,y=4)  #输出是1 (2,3,4,5,6,7) {'x':3,'y':4}



g=lambda x,y:x*y                                               #lambda匿名函数
print g(2,3)


l=range(1,11)                                                  #reduce函数与filter函数
def func5(x,y):
    return x*y
print reduce(func5,l)    #10!
print filter(lambda x:x%2==0,l) #1~10中偶数

list2=range(1,11)
print reduce((lambda x,y:x*y),list2)  #10!,lambda省去不需要的函数名


'''a=int(raw_input("please input :"))#简单计算器
b=raw_input("please input :")
c=int(raw_input("please input :"))
if b=='+':
    print (lambda x,y:x+y)(a,c)
elif b=='-':
    print (lambda x,y:x-y)(a,c)
elif b=='*':
    print (lambda x,y:x*y)(a,c)
elif b=='\\':
    print (lambda x,y:x/y)(a,c)
else:
    pass'''

'''dic1={'+':lambda x,y:x+y,'-':lambda x,y:x-y,'*':lambda x,y:x*y,'/':lambda x,y:x/y}#简单计算器
a=int(raw_input("please input :"))
b=raw_input("please input :")
c=int(raw_input("please input :"))
print dic1[b](a,c)
print "#"*40'''


'''print round(112.124) #返回浮点数                                      #内置函数
print callable(func2)#测试函数是否可调用,前提是存在
print type(3)
print isinstance(list2,list)#测试是否是列表
print cmp('he','he')
print range(10)'''

s='h,el,lo'
print s.capitalize()  #首字母大写
print s.replace('hello','good')
list3=s.split(',')  #切割1次
print list3[0:2]

name=['milo','zou','tom']
age=[20,21,22]
tel=['110','120']
print zip(name,age,tel)   #比较zip与map的区别
print map(None,name,age,tel)

age1=[1,2,3]
age2=[7,8,9]
s=lambda age1,age2:age1*age2
print map(s,age1,age2)   #map第一个参数是函数名

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