angular2系列教程(六)pipe

今天,我们要讲的是angualr2的pipe这个知识点。

例子

这个例子包含两个pipe,一个是stateful,一个是stateless,是直接复制官方的例子。

源代码

stateless pipe

pipe就是ng1中的filter。先看看内建pipe吧:

  • currency
  • date
  • uppercase
  • json
  • limitTo
  • lowercase
  • async
  • decimal
  • percent

无需编写直接用!今天说了太多“直接用”哈哈!

pipe分为两种,一种是stateful,一种是stateless。我们先说stateless,stateless就是使用纯函数,不记住任何数据,也不会带来任何副作用。DatePipe就是stateless,我们再写个计算次方的pipe吧:

src/app/stateless/exponential-strength.pipe.ts

import {Pipe, PipeTransform} from 'angular2/core';
/*
 * Raise the value exponentially
 * Takes an exponent argument that defaults to 1.
 * Usage:
 *   value | exponentialStrength:exponent
 * Example:
 *   {{ 2 |  exponentialStrength:10}}
 *   formats to: 1024
*/
@Pipe({name: 'exponentialStrength'})
export class ExponentialStrengthPipe implements PipeTransform {
  transform(value: number, args: string[]) : any {
    return Math.pow(value, parseInt(args[0] || '1', 10));
  }
}

很简单,计算某个值的某次方,{{ 2 | exponentialStrength:10}}就是2的10次方。

写个模板测试下:

src/app/stateless/power-booster.component.ts

import {Component} from 'angular2/core';
import {ExponentialStrengthPipe} from './exponential-strength.pipe';
@Component({
  selector: 'power-booster',
  template: `
    <h2>Power Booster</h2>
    <p>
      Super power boost: {{2 | exponentialStrength: 10}}
    </p>
  `,
  pipes: [ExponentialStrengthPipe]
})
export class PowerBooster { }

注入pipes: [ExponentialStrengthPipe],然后直接用!

stateful pipe

先看一个stateful pipe的例子吧:

src/app/stateful/fetch-json.pipe.ts

declare var fetch;
import {Pipe, PipeTransform} from 'angular2/core';
@Pipe({
  name: 'fetch',
  pure: false
})
export class FetchJsonPipe  implements PipeTransform {
  private fetchedValue: any;
  private fetchPromise: Promise<any>;
  transform(value: string, args: string[]): any {
    if (!this.fetchPromise) {
      this.fetchPromise = fetch(value)
        .then((result: any) => result.json())
        .then((json: any)   => this.fetchedValue = json);
    }
    return this.fetchedValue;
  }
}

我们干了这些事:

  1. 将pure参数设为false
  2. 在成员函数transform中,执行fetch请求,将结果赋给this.fetchedValue = json,最后返回结果
  3. 如果this.fetchPromise这个成员变量已经被定义过,则直接返回成员变量fetchedValue

写个模板测试下:

src/app/stateful/hero-list.component.ts

 

import {Component} from 'angular2/core';
import {FetchJsonPipe} from './fetch-json.pipe';
@Component({
  selector: 'hero-list',
  template: `
    <h4>Heroes from JSON File</h4>
    <div *ngFor="#hero of ('/assets/heroes.json' | fetch) ">
      {{hero.name}}
    </div>
    <p>Heroes as JSON:
    {{'/assets/heroes.json' | fetch | json}}
    </p>
  `,
  pipes: [FetchJsonPipe]
})
export class HeroListComponent {
  /* I've got nothing to do ;-) */
}

 

'/assets/heroes.json'是我自己编写的json文件,放在了assets里面,因为这是webpack的静态文件地址。

结果:

特性解读

 

Stateful pipes are conceptually similar to classes in object-oriented programming. They can manage the data they transform. A pipe that creates an HTTP request, stores the response and displays the output, is a stateful pipe.

这是官方对statefule pipe的描述。说是能够创建http请求,存储响应,显示输出的pipe就是stateful pipe。那么stateless pipe不能做这些事吗?我好奇的在stateless pipe中尝试做http请求:

declare var fetch;
import {Pipe, PipeTransform} from 'angular2/core';
@Pipe({
  name: 'fetch'
})
export class FetchJsonPipe  implements PipeTransform {
  transform(value: string, args: string[]): any {
    fetch(value)
        .then((result: any) => result.json())
        .then((json: any)   =>  json);
  }
}

结果什么都输出不了!说明当我们需要使用http的时候,或者处理异步的时候,需要使用stateful pipe。

 

教程源代码及目录

如果您觉得本博客教程帮到了您,就赏颗星吧!

https://github.com/lewis617/angular2-tutorial

 

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