1.建立数据库 mysql> create database test1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) 2.建立了数据再建立,则: mysql> create database test1; ERROR 1007 (HY000): Can't create database 'test1'; database exists 3.显示数据库信息: mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | test1 | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.05 sec) 4.进入数据库 mysql> use test1; Database changed 5.显示表中的数据库: mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec) 6.删除数据库: mysql> drop database test1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) 7.建立表: mysql> create database test1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> use test1; Database changed mysql> create table emp(ename varchar(10), hiredate date , sal decimal(10,2), deptno int(2)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> desc emp; +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ename | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | | | hiredate | date | YES | | NULL | | | sal | decimal(10,2) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(2) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 8.显示DDL语句: mysql> show create table emp \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: emp Create Table: CREATE TABLE `emp` ( `ename` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL, `hiredate` date DEFAULT NULL, `sal` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL, `deptno` int(2) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified 9.删除表: mysql> drop table emp; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 10.修改表字段名称,删除表字段 mysql> create table emp(ename varchar(10), hiredate date , sal decimal(10,2), deptno int(2));\ Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> desc emp; +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ename | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | | | hiredate | date | YES | | NULL | | | sal | decimal(10,2) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(2) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table emp modify ename varchar(20); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc emp; +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ename | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | hiredate | date | YES | | NULL | | | sal | decimal(10,2) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(2) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table emp add column age int(3); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc emp; +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ename | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | hiredate | date | YES | | NULL | | | sal | decimal(10,2) | YES | | NULL | | | deptno | int(2) | YES | | NULL | | | age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table emp drop column age; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc emp; +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ename | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | hiredate | date | YES | | NULL | | | sal | decimal(10,2) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table emp change age age1 int(4); ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'age' in 'emp' mysql> alter table emp change sal sal_salart int(4); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc emp; +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ename | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | hiredate | date | YES | | NULL | | | sal_salart | int(4) | YES | | NULL | | +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 11.修改表字段顺序: mysql> alter table emp add birth date after ename; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> alter table emp add testColumn date after ename; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc emp; +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | ename | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | testColumn | date | YES | | NULL | | | birth | date | YES | | NULL | | | hiredate | date | YES | | NULL | | | sal_salart | int(4) | YES | | NULL | | +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table emp modify sal_salart int(5) first; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc emp; +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | sal_salart | int(5) | YES | | NULL | | | ename | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | testColumn | date | YES | | NULL | | | birth | date | YES | | NULL | | | hiredate | date | YES | | NULL | | +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table emp rename emp_test; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 12.增加字段: mysql> alter table emp_test add column age int(3); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> desc emp_test; +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | sal_salart | int(5) | YES | | NULL | | | ename | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | testColumn | date | YES | | NULL | | | birth | date | YES | | NULL | | | hiredate | date | YES | | NULL | | | age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | | +------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table emp_test rename test; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 13.插入数据: mysql> use test1; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> insert into test(ename,age) values('abc',3); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into test(ename,age) values('abc',3),('def',9); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 14.修改数据: mysql> update test set age = 8 where ename = 'def'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 8 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update test set age = 8 where ename = 'def22222222'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 8 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update test set age = 81 where ename = 'def22222222'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 8 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update test set age = 81 where ename = 'def'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | abc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 81 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 15.删除数据 mysql> delete from test where age = 3; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 81 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert test(ename,age) values ('aaaaa',3),('aaaaa',5),('ccccc',3), ('aaaaa',9), ('ttttt',2); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 81 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | | NULL | ccccc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9 | | NULL | ttttt | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 16.查询数据: mysql> alter table test rename test_col; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from test_col; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 81 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | | NULL | ccccc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9 | | NULL | ttttt | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table test_col rename test; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 81 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | | NULL | ccccc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9 | | NULL | ttttt | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> selecdt distinct ename from test; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'selecdt distinct ename from test' at line 1 mysql> select distinct ename from test; +-------+ | ename | +-------+ | def | | aaaaa | | ccccc | | ttttt | +-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test where ename = 'aaaaa'; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test where age < 8; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | | NULL | ccccc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | ttttt | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test order by age; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ | NULL | ttttt | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | ccccc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9 | | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 81 | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table test add column salart int (11); Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.06 sec) Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> alter table test change salart salary int (11); Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test; +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | salary | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 81 | NULL | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | NULL | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | NULL | | NULL | ccccc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | NULL | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9 | NULL | | NULL | ttttt | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | NULL | +------------+-------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into test(ename,age,salary) values ('newNane1',1,100), -> ('newName2',3,80), -> ('newName3',5,10); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test; +------------+----------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | salary | +------------+----------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 81 | NULL | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | NULL | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | NULL | | NULL | ccccc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | NULL | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9 | NULL | | NULL | ttttt | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | NULL | | NULL | newNane1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | 100 | | NULL | newName2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | 80 | | NULL | newName3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | 10 | +------------+----------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test order by salary; +------------+----------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | salary | +------------+----------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ | NULL | def | NULL | NULL | NULL | 81 | NULL | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | NULL | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | NULL | | NULL | ccccc | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | NULL | | NULL | aaaaa | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9 | NULL | | NULL | ttttt | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | NULL | | NULL | newName3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | 10 | | NULL | newName2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | 80 | | NULL | newNane1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | 100 | +------------+----------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test order by salary limit 6,3; +------------+----------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ | sal_salart | ename | testColumn | birth | hiredate | age | salary | +------------+----------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ | NULL | newName3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | 10 | | NULL | newName2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | 80 | | NULL | newNane1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | 100 | +------------+----------+------------+-------+----------+------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)