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<body style="" contenteditable="true"><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">##变量</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">变量可以由字母数字下划线组成，数字不打头。</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">bash为弱类型语言，</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">变量</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">默认类型是字符串型。如果要进行数值运算，则需要指定类型。</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">变量需要=连接，=左右没有空格，若变量的值有空格用引号。括起来。</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">变量可以叠加`echo $aa aa="$aa"456 ` aa后再添456也可以`aa=${aa}456`</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">环境变量的名称建议写大写。</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="微软雅黑">变量引用` ${name}, $name`</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">###bash变量的类型</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="微软雅黑">本地变量：作用域仅为当前shell进程，就是用户自定义shell；</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">环境变量：作用域为当前shell进程及其子进程，主要和操作系统环境相关的数据。</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="微软雅黑">局部变量：作用域仅为某代码片断(函数上下文)；</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="微软雅黑"><br></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">位置参数变量：当执行脚本的shell进程传递的参数，向脚本中传递参数或数据，变量名不能自定义，作用是固定的；</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">预定义变量：bash中已经定义好的变量，变量名不能自定义，变量作用固定。</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">位参变量是预定义的一种。从上到下越来越严格。</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">***</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;"><br></span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">####本地变量</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">本地变量：</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">set //查看所有变量 unset删除变量。</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="微软雅黑">unset name</font><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">撤销变量 ，此处并不是引用。</span><br></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">***</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">####环境变量</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">#####变量声明和赋值方法</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">```</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">1.export 变量名=变量值 //声明为全局变量。</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font face="微软雅黑">2.name=value</font></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"> </span><font face="微软雅黑">export name</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑"><div>3. declare -x name=value</div><div>4. name=value</div><div>declare -x name</div></font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">```</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">##### 引用（同上）</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;"> ${na me}</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font face="微软雅黑">查看环境变量：`export, declare -x, printenv, env`</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">撤销环境变量：`unset name`</font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">在当前shell和子shell中生效，写入配置文件中对所有shell生效。</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">父shell的环境下，新建shell为子shell。直接输xxshell</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> ` </span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">pstree //确定shell位置` </span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> `</span>env 变量名 //查询环境变量`</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> ` </span>unset 变量名 //删除变`</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font face="微软雅黑">注意：bash内嵌了许多环境变量(通常为全大写字符)，用于定义bash的工作环境</font>：<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">PATH, HISTFILE, HISTSIZE, HISTFILESIZE, HISTCONTROL, SHELL, HOME, UID, PWD, OLDPWD</span></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">PATH：用冒号分割的路径，系统命令所在。</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="background-color: inherit; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 15px;">自己的脚本不要拷到系统目录下，应该PATH="$PATH":/root 追加 </span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">PS1;，系统定义提示符的变量，就是shell提示符，虽然不是环境变量，</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">***</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font face="微软雅黑">####只读变量</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">(1) declare -r name</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">(2) readonly name</font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="微软雅黑">只读变量无法重新赋值，并且不支持撤销；存活时间为当前shell进程的生命周期，随shell进程终止而终止；</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">***</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">###bash算术运算</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">注：（因为bash中默认类型为字符型，需要自行设定才可运算）</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">算术运算符：`+ - * / % **`<span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br></span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">```</span><br></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> declare [+或-] [选项] 变量名</span><br></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><div> <span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">-</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">给变量设定类型属性 +取消变量的类型属性 </span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">-i 将变量声明为整型 </span></div><div> -x 将变量声明为环境变量 </div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">-p 显示指定变量被声明的类型</span></div><div> declare -i cc=$aa+$bb <br></div><div>```</div><div>####算术运算的方式：<span style="line-height: 22px;"> </span></div><div><span style="line-height: 22px;">支持一般运算符，逻辑运算符</span></div><div>1. `<span style="line-height: 1.6;">let VAR=$num1 or $num2` bash内建命令，通常用于运算</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span></div><div><span style="background-color: inherit; line-height: 1.5;">2. `VAR=</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">$[</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">experssion</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">]` </span><span style="line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">（最常用）</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 22px;">3. `VAR=</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">$((</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">experssion</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">))` </span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;">4. </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">`VAR=$(expr a + b )` //此处的表达式需要空格分割</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;">例： </span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> ` ff=$(($aa+$bb))` //其中的空格有没有都行 ，</span><span style="background-color: inherit; line-height: 1.5;"> 单括号括起来的是系统命令 </span><span style="background-color: inherit; line-height: 1.5;"> </span></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="line-height: 22px;"> `dd=$（expr $aa + $bb）` //把括号里的命令结果赋dd</span><br></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font face="微软雅黑">注意：有些时候乘法符号需要转义；</font><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.6;"> </span></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">####增强型赋值：</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">变量做某种算术运算后回存至此变量中；</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">```</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">`let i=$i+#` </font><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6; white-space: pre;"> </span>`<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">let i+=#`</span></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">`+=，-=，*=, /=, %=`</font><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.6;"> </span></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">自增：`</font><font face="微软雅黑" style="line-height: 1.6;">VAR=$[$VAR+1]` ;`</font><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-family: 微软雅黑;">let VAR+=1 `;`</span><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-family: 微软雅黑;">let VAR++`</span></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">自减：`</font><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">VAR=$[$VAR-1]`; ` </span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">let VAR-=1`;`</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">let VAR--`</span></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">```</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">***</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">####条件测试</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font face="微软雅黑">条件测试：</font><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">判断某需求是否满足，需要由测试机制来实现；</span></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">如何编写测试表达式以实现所需的测试：</span><br></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"> </span><font face="微软雅黑">(1) 执行命令，并利用命令状态返回值来判断；</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>0：成功 </font><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">1-255：失败</span></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"> </span><font face="微软雅黑">(2) 测试表达式</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>test EXPRESSION；</font><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">[ EXPRESSION ]；</span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">[[ EXPRESSION ]]；</span></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">注意：EXPRESSION两端必须有空白字符，否则为语法错误；</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">上述命令并不会主动输出结果，需要输入`echo$?`来查看上一次判断结果.</span><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="line-height: 1.6; white-space: pre;"><font face="微软雅黑">*** </font></span><br></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">#####bash的测试类型：</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">数值测试；</font><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">字符串测试；</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">文件测试</span></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">数值测试</font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑">```</font></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-eq：是否等于； [ $num1 -eq $num2 ]</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> -</span>ne：是否不等于；</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-gt：是否大于；</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-ge：是否大于等于；</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-lt：是否小于；</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-le：是否小于等于；</div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">```</span></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div>字符串测试：</div><div>字符，变量比较的时候需要加引用；要使用[[]] 否则会出现不可预期的情况。</div><div>```</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>==：是否等于；</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>>：是否大于；</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><：是否小于；</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>!=：是否不等于；</div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>=~：左侧字符串是否能够被右侧的PATTERN所匹配；</div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></div></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-z "STRING"：判断指定的字串是否为空；空则为真，不空则假；</div></span><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">-n "STRING"：判断指定的字符串是否不空；不空则真，空则为假；</span></div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">```</span></div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br></span></div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">文件测试</div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">```</div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>存在性测试</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">-a FILE</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">-e FILE </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">是否存在文件（是为真）;</span></div><div>文件的存在性测试，存在则为真，否则则为假；</div><div>存在性及类型测试</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-b FILE：是否存在并且为 块设备 文件；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-c FILE：是否存在并且为 字符设备 文件；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-d FILE：是否存在并且为 目录文件；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-f FILE：是否存在并且为 普通文件；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-h FILE或 -L FILE：是否存在并且为 符号链接文件；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-p FILE：是否存在且为 命名管道文件；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-S FILE：是否存在且为 套接字文件；</div><div>文件权限测试：</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-r FILE：是否存在并且 对当前用户可读；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-w FILE：是否存在并且 对当前用户可写；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-x FILE：是否存在并且 对当前用户可执行；</div><div>特殊权限测试：</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-u FILE：是否存在并且 拥有suid权限；用不多</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-g FILE：是否存在并且 拥有sgid权限；<span style="line-height: 1.6;">用不多 </span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-k FILE：是否存在并且 拥有sticky权限；<span style="line-height: 1.6;">用不多</span></div><div>文件是否有内容：</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-s FILE：是否有内容；</div><div>时间戳：</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-N FILE：文件自从上一次读操作后是否被修改过；</div><div>从属关系测试：</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-O FILE：当前用户是否为文件的属主；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>-G FILE：当前用户是否属于文件的属组；</div><div>双目测试：</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>FILE1 -ef FILE2：1与2是否指向同一个文件系统的相同inode的硬链接，<span style="line-height: 1.6;">inode号一致</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">；</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>FILE1 -nt FILE2：FILE1是否新于FILE2；</div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>FILE1 -ot FILE2：FILE1是否旧于FILE2；</div></div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">```</div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">***</div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><div>####逻辑组合运算：</div><div>这样的执行也反映在CLI中。逻辑优先级非>与>或.</div><div>第一种方式：</div><div>```</div><div>COMMAND1 && COMMAND2<span style="line-height: 21.8125px;"> 1对2才执行</span></div><div>COMMAND1 || COMMAND2 <span style="line-height: 21.8125px;">1不对2执行</span></div><div>! COMMAND </div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;">[ -O FILE ] && [ -r FILE ]</span><br></div><div><span style="line-height: 21.8125px;">命令1；命令2 先后执行</span><br></div><div><span style="line-height: 21.8125px;">```</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;">第二种方式：</span><br></div><div>```</div><div>EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 <span style="line-height: 1.6;">逻辑与，判断1和判断2都成立，结果才为真</span></div><div>EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 <span style="line-height: 1.6;">逻辑或， 判断1和判断2有一个为真就是真</span></div><div>! EXPRESSION <span style="line-height: 1.6;">逻辑非，原判断式取反</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6;">[ -O FILE -a -x FILE ]</span><br></div></div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;"><span style="line-height: 21.8125px;">命令1&& 命令2||命令3 1对执行2，1不对，执行3</span><br></div><div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 21.81818199157715px; font-size: 15.454545021057129px;">```</div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 21.81818199157715px; font-size: 15.454545021057129px;">***</div><div><div><span style="line-height: 21.8125px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">向脚本传递参数：</span><br></div><div><font face="微软雅黑"><span style="line-height: 21.8125px;">位置参数变量</span></font><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">（只可以改动值，系统定义好的功能）</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-family: 微软雅黑;">```</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-family: 微软雅黑;">$n n为数字，$0代表命令本身，$1-$9代表第一到九个参数，十以上的参数需要大括号包含如${} </span><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-family: 微软雅黑;"> </span><br></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">$1...接受脚本外传入的参数。</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 21.8125px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">轮替：`</span><span style="line-height: 21.8125px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">shift [n]`：位置参数轮替；剔除前几个参数。</span></div></div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 21.81818199157715px; font-size: 15.454545021057129px;"><div style="line-height: 24px;">```</div><div style="line-height: 24px;">特殊变量：</div><div style="line-height: 24px;">```</div><div style="line-height: 24px;">$* 所有参数，$*把所有参数看成一个整体，只会传入一次，一次全部传入。</div><div style="line-height: 24px;">$@ 所有参数，不过$@把每个参数区分对待，给几个传几次。</div><div style="line-height: 24px;">$# 所有参数的个数。 计算传入脚本的参数个数。 </div><div style="line-height: 24px;"> </div><div style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 15.454545021057129px;">$$当前进程的PID</span></div><div style="line-height: 24px;">$!返回最后一个后台进程的PID</div><div style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 15.454545021057129px; line-height: 21.81818199157715px;">``` </span></div></div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 21.81818199157715px; font-size: 15.454545021057129px;">*** </div><div><font face="微软雅黑"><span style="line-height: 21.8125px;">#####脚本的状态返回值：</span></font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑"><span style="line-height: 21.8125px;">默认是脚本中执行的最后一条件命令的状态返回值；</span></font></div><div><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 1.6;">`$#` 最后一个命令的返回状态 (0-255) 返回0表示执行正确，命令找不到127，文件找不到2.(程序识别任意)</span></div><div><font face="微软雅黑"><span style="line-height: 21.8125px;">自定义状态退出状态码：</span></font></div><div><font face="微软雅黑"><span style="line-height: 21.8125px;">`exit [n]：n`为自己指定的状态码；</span></font></div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 21.81818199157715px; font-size: 15.454545021057129px;">注意：shell进程遇到exit时，即会终止，因此，整个脚本执行即为结束； </div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 21.81818199157715px; font-size: 15.454545021057129px;">*** </div></div></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">\d 显示日期，格式为“星期 月 日”</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">\h 显示简写主机名，如默认主机名“localhost”</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">\t 显示24小时制时间，格式 HH:MM:SS</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">\T 显示12小时制时间，格式同上</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">\A 显示24小时，格式为HH:MM</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">\u 显示当前用户</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">\w 显示当前所在目录的完整名称</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">\W 显示当前所在目录的最后一个目录。</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">\# 执行的第几个命令</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">\$ 提示符如果是root会显示提示符为“#”，普通用户显示为“$” </div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"> eg#PS1 显示当前提示符。自己改PS1=‘[]'</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"> </div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">###bash脚本编程之用户交互：</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">####read参数</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">```</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;">read[选项][变量名]</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"> -p “PROMPT提示信息”： 在等待read输入时，输出提示信息 </div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"> -t TIMEOUT ： read命令会一直等待用户输入，使用此选项可以指定等待时间</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"> -n 字符数： read命令只接受指定的字符数，就会执行</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"> -s ： 隐藏输入数据，适用于机密信息的输入 </div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">``` </div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">####<span style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6;">echo用法</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">```</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">echo [OPTION]...“ ｛转义符｝[输出内容] ”</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;"> -e 支持转义符</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">先添选项-e，在输出内容里添加转义符。</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">转义符</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">输出</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">\\</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">输出\本身</span><br></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">\a<span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">输出警告音</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">\b <span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">退格</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">\c<span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">取消输出行末尾的转换符，和“-n”选项一样</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">\f<span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">换页</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">\n<span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">换行</span><br></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">\r<span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">回车</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">\e escape键<br>\t 水平制表符，<br>\v<span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">垂直制表符</span><br></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">\0nnn<span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">按照八进制ASCII表输出字符，0为数字0，nnn是三位八进制数</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br></span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">\xhh</span><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6;">按照十六进制ASCII表输出字符，其中hh是俩位十六进制数</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">```</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">echo默认结尾没有换行，print默认有换行符</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">***</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">#####echo的字符颜色</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;"> `echo -e "\e[31m abcd \e[0m" ` //输出红色字符abcd，31m表颜色，\e[31m起始 \e[0m"</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">支持颜色</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">30m=黑色 31m=红色 32m=绿色 33=*** 34m=蓝色 35m=洋红色 36m=青色</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">37m=白色</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;">***</div><div style="font-family: Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">####printf </div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">```</div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">printf‘打印格式’ 实际内容 %s字符串 %f 浮点</div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"> \a 警告声音输出 \b退格键(backspace) \f 清屏 \n换行 \r enter键 </div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"> \t 水平tab键（制表符，空格） \v 垂直tab键 \xNN NN为两位数字按键 转数字为字符</div><div style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">不加‘’输出只认第一个格式输出符，后面也不能加文件名和管道。</div><div>```</div><div>***</div></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="background-color: inherit; line-height: 1.5;"> 变量测试和替换</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: inherit; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑; width: 600px;"><tbody style="background-color: inherit;"><tr style="background-color: inherit;"><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;">变量置换方式</td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">变量y没有设置</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">变量y为空值</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">变量y设置值</div></td></tr><tr style="background-color: inherit;"><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;">x=${y-新值}</td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=新值</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x为空</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=$y</div></td></tr><tr style="background-color: inherit;"><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=${y:-新值}</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=新值</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=新值</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=$y</div></td></tr><tr style="background-color: inherit;"><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 33px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=${y+新值}</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 33px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x为空</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 33px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;">x=新值</td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 33px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=新值</div></td></tr><tr style="background-color: inherit;"><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=${y:+新值}</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x为空</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x为空</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=新值</div></td></tr><tr style="background-color: inherit;"><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=${y=新值}</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=新值</div><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">y=新值</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x为空</div><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">y值不变</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=$y</div><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">y值不变</div></td></tr><tr style="background-color: inherit;"><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;">x=${y:=新值}</td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=新值</div><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">y=新值</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=新值</div><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">y=新值</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 25px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;">x=$y<br style="background-color: inherit;">y值不变<br style="background-color: inherit;"></td></tr><tr style="background-color: inherit;"><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 28px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=${y？新值}</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 28px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">新值输出到标准错误输出（就是屏幕）</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 28px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x为空</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 28px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=$y</div></td></tr><tr style="background-color: inherit;"><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 28px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=${y:?新值}</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 28px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">新值输出到标准错误输出</div></td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 28px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;">新值输出到标准错误输出</td><td valign="top" style="word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 5px 16px 5px 12px; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; height: 28px; background-color: inherit; width: 129px;"><div style="min-width: 2px; background-color: inherit;">x=$y</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br style="background-color: inherit;"></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">注：程序使用，不需要记，多查。</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;">测试方式中有没有：的区别就是在Y为空时候的对待方式。-+ 完全相反。=会影响xy ？结果输出到屏幕。</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><br></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br></div></body></html>