论文的语言

公式的末尾应有相应的标点（逗号或者句号），加标点的含义是公式作为句子的一部分，逗号意味着这句话还未结束，句号意味着句子的结束。

介绍公式

Δoutput≈∑j∂output∂wjΔwj+∂output∂bΔb

1. is, denote, with respect to(wrt, 关于)
where the sum is over all the weights, wj , and ∂output∂wj and ∂output∂b denote partial derivatives of the output with respect to wj and b , respectively.
we denote the number of neurons in this hidden layer by n

动词篇

1. follow && employ

   Our design and implementation follows the approaches employed in …

名词篇

1. design and implementation && approach

   Our design and implementation follows the approaches employed in …

副词&&连词篇

1. however

   可放在句首，可放在剧中做插入语

   In our version, however(表示一种对比转折), we used a data structure that is more type-safe.

2. in addition

   副词，放在句首，表示“而且”，“更进一步”

   In addition, we used many C++ language features…

3. in addition to

   除….之外，还有。与in addition不同，in addition to是一个介词。

   In addition to the data members inherited from class CenterCluster, class SubspaceCluster has a protected data member, which is ….

4. hence

   表达因果关系，因此。。。，与so的不同在于，so后的从句作为一个子句。hence引导的句子可单独作为一个句子。（这种用法很类似，Since和because）

   Hence it is natural to design the base cluster class as a collection of records.

常用表达

1. 没有关于**的统一的定义

   In cluster analysis, there is no uniform definition for a cluster.

2. ** 有着不同的形式

   Clusters comes with many different forms.

3. 仅举这么几例，“不一而足”

   For example, there are one-center clusters, multi-center clusters, fuzzy clusters, subspace clusters, to name just a few.

4. 也就是说

   也就是说，That is, 可放在子句的中间作为插入语，也可置于句首，作为一个独立的句子的开始。

   Since class Cluster does not contain any pure virtual functions, it is not an abstract class, That is, we can create objects from class cluster.

5. 从….的观点来说

   From a technical point of view,

标点篇

1. 英文状态下的小括号

   左括号(之前和右括号)之后要留一个空格，但其后（wrt，主要是对于右括号而言）如果是另外的标点，比如,或者.，则可省略相应的空格。

In data clustering, a cluster is a collection of objects or records that share the same properties(Carmichael et al., 1968; Bock, 1989; Everitt, 1993).（左括号之前有一个空格，右括号之后，因为是一个标点，可以不加空格）

段内结构

1. First && Then && Finally

   In this chapter, we introduce the design and implementation of clusters. First, we introduce the design of a single cluster. Then, we introduce how we design the result of a partitional clustering algorithm. Finally, we introduce the design of the result of a hierarchical clustering algorithm.