ViutualBox虚拟机里添加磁盘

1.首先在VirtualBox界面给虚拟机添加一块磁盘

2. 启动系统，查看当前磁盘空间

Last login: Tue Mar 15 22:24:47 2016 from 192.168.1.100

[root@NameNode1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00021c30

 

（原来的磁盘sda，分为两个区，sda1和sda2）

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 64 1045 7875584 8e Linux LVM

 

（新添加的磁盘sdb是没有经过分区的，如果再添加一个磁盘默认就是sdc，sdd依次类推）

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 7205 MB, 7205814272 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 876 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 855 MB, 855638016 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 104 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 3. 新磁盘sdb分区

[root@NameNode1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

……

[root@NameNode1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

（可以看出，sdb磁盘没有包含任何有效的分区表，fdisk /dev/sda磁盘就没有这样的提示）

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xab6af5b9.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

 

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

 

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

 

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044):

Using default value 1044

 

Command (m for help): w 说明：w write table to disk and exit

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

 

4. 查看分区后的磁盘情况

[root@NameNode1 ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00021c30

 

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 64 1045 7875584 8e Linux LVM

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xab6af5b9

（sdb分为一个区sdb1）

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+ 83 Linux

 

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 7205 MB, 7205814272 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 876 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 855 MB, 855638016 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 104 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 

5. 格式化磁盘分区

把虚拟硬盘分区格式化为ext4之前，需要先查看系统是否加载ext4模块

[root@NameNode1 ~]# lsmod |grep ext4

ext4 374902 2

jbd2 93427 1 ext4

mbcache 8193 1 ext4

 

[root@NameNode1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 格式化分区sdb1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

524288 inodes, 2096474 blocks

104823 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648

64 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

 

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@NameNode1 ~]#

6. 挂载磁盘分区

[root@NameNode1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 6.7G 3.1G 3.3G 49% /

tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 35M 426M 8% /boot

[root@NameNode1 ~]# mkdir /Hadoop 创建挂载目录

[root@NameNode1 ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /Hadoop 挂载sdb1到/Hadoop

[root@NameNode1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 6.7G 3.1G 3.3G 49% /

tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 35M 426M 8% /boot

/dev/sdb1 7.9G 146M 7.4G 2% /Hadoop ----已挂载成功

[root@NameNode1 ~]#

 

7. 开机自动挂载磁盘

[root@NameNode1 ~]# vi /etc/fstab

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Tue Mar 15 20:24:46 2016

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1

UUID=4cf6abd9-cc96-4c18-920f-e4f5ab85124d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

/dev/sdb1 /hadoop ext4 defaults 0 0

（加入最后一行内容）

这样，系统重启后，sdb1也能自动挂载到/hadoop