Asterisk Summary - 2

上一篇介绍了asterisk的基本特性和架构，为了搭建属于自己的call center，跟住要做的事就是配置asterisk的config。

 

基本上来讲，主要有三个配置文件一定要搞懂：iax.conf，sip.conf，extensions.conf。 iax.conf是配置iax2 client的，sip.conf是配置sip协议的，extensions.conf就是为了让sip和iax协议通信连接。由此可以看到，asterisk其实是一个网关，转换iax和sip协议。

 

sip.conf

 

sip.conf可以注册sip用户，用法如下：

;register => username:secret@host/callbackextension

;register => 1234:[email protected]

 

eg:

[general]

register => 87654321@2b_111001/111001    ; 2b_111001 is a context in bellow and 111001 is the call back extension

.....

.....

[2b_111001]

username=87654321hk
secret=xxxxxxxx
fromuser=87654321hk

context=from_sip                   ;这个context将在extension.conf中定义

 

到这里我们注册了一个87654321的sip用户，具体的用户名，你可以向你的sip provider索取。当有电话打87654321是，它将进入extensions.conf的from_sip context，并根据该context的设定来进行一步一步的处理

 

iax.conf

 

iax.conf可以注册asterisk的iax用户，用法如下：

; We can register with another IAX server to let him know where we are
; in case we have a dynamic IP address for example
;
; Register with tormenta using username marko and password secretpass
;
;register => marko:[email protected]
;
; Register joe at remote host with no password
;
;register => joe@remotehost:5656
;
; Register marko at tormenta.linux-support.net using RSA key "torkey"
;
;register => marko:[torkey]@tormenta.linux-support.net
;
; Sample Registration for iaxtel
;
; Visit http://www.iaxtel.com to register with iaxtel.  Replace "user"
; and "pass" with your username and password for iaxtel.  Incoming
; calls arrive at the "s" extension of "default" context.
;
;register => user:[email protected]
;
; Sample Registration for IAX + FWD
;
; To register using IAX with FWD, it must be enabled by visiting the URL
; http://www.fwdnet.net/index.php?section_id=112
;
; Note that you need an extension in you default context which matches
; your free world dialup number.  Please replace "FWDNumber" with your
; FWD number and "passwd" with your password.
;
;register => FWDNumber:[email protected]

请大家注意以上注册的iax用户是不属于本地asterisk的用户的，而是remote asterisk的用户，这在asterisk与asterisk之间的通信将发挥用处。

如果要在本地asterisk注册iax用户，只需要配置一个section，eg：

 

[111001]
type=friend
context=from_iax
secret=xxxxx

host=dynamic
disallow=all
allow=gsm

以上配置注册了一个111001的iax用户，可以从允许任何ip连接注册该用户。当使用该iax用户打电话是，它将执行extensions.conf的from_iax的配置。

 

extensions.conf

 

跟住最重要的就是extensions.conf文件啦，它完成iax与sip协议的转换和链接。在这个配置文件里，最重要的概念就是context啦，以下内容摘自extensions.conf的说明：

; Any category other than "General" and "Globals" represent
; extension contexts, which are collections of extensions.
;
; Extension names may be numbers, letters, or combinations
; thereof. If an extension name is prefixed by a '_'
; character, it is interpreted as a pattern rather than a
; literal.  In patterns, some characters have special meanings:
;
;   X - any digit from 0-9
;   Z - any digit from 1-9
;   N - any digit from 2-9
;   [1235-9] - any digit in the brackets (in this example, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9)
;   . - wildcard, matches anything remaining (e.g. _9011. matches
;       anything starting with 9011 excluding 9011 itself)
;   ! - wildcard, causes the matching process to complete as soon as
;       it can unambiguously determine that no other matches are possible
;
; For example, the extension _NXXXXXX would match normal 7 digit dialings,
; while _1NXXNXXXXXX would represent an area code plus phone number
; preceded by a one.
;
; Each step of an extension is ordered by priority, which must always start
; with 1 to be considered a valid extension.  The priority "next" or "n" means
; the previous priority plus one, regardless of whether the previous priority
; was associated with the current extension or not.  The priority "same" or "s"
; means the same as the previously specified priority, again regardless of
; whether the previous entry was for the same extension.  Priorities may be
; immediately followed by a plus sign and another integer to add that amount
; (most useful with 's' or 'n').  Priorities may then also have an alias, or
; label, in parentheses after their name which can be used in goto situations.
;
; Contexts contain several lines, one for each step of each extension.  One may
; include another context in the current one as well, optionally with a date
; and time.  Included contexts are included in the order they are listed.
; Switches may also be included within a context.  The order of matching within
; a context is always exact extensions, pattern match extensions, includes, and
; switches.  Includes are always processed depth-first.  So for example, if you
; would like a switch "A" to match before context "B", simply put switch "A" in
; an included context "C", where "C" is included in your original context
; before "B".
;
;[context]
;exten => someexten,{priority|label{+|-}offset}[(alias)],application(arg1,arg2,...)
;
; Timing list for includes is
;
;   <time range>,<days of week>,<days of month>,<months>
;
; Note that ranges may be specified to wrap around the ends.  Also, minutes are
; fine-grained only down to the closest even minute.
;
;include => daytime,9:00-17:00,mon-fri,*,*
;include => weekend,*,sat-sun,*,*
;include => weeknights,17:02-8:58,mon-fri,*,*
;
; ignorepat can be used to instruct drivers to not cancel dialtone upon receipt
; of a particular pattern.  The most commonly used example is of course '9'
; like this:
;
;ignorepat => 9
;
; so that dialtone remains even after dialing a 9.  Please note that ignorepat
; only works with channels which receive dialtone from the PBX, such as DAHDI,
; Phone, and VPB.  Other channels, such as SIP and MGCP, which generate their
; own dialtone and converse with the PBX only after a number is complete, are
; generally unaffected by ignorepat (unless DISA or another method is used to
; generate a dialtone after answering the channel).

; For more information on applications, just type "core show applications" at your
; friendly Asterisk CLI prompt.
;
; "core show application <command>" will show details of how you
; use that particular application in this file, the dial plan.
; "core show functions" will list all dialplan functions
; "core show function <COMMAND>" will show you more information about
; one function. Remember that function names are UPPER CASE.
 [from_sip]
exten => _XXXXXX,1,GotoIf($[${DEVICE_STATE(IAX2/${EXTEN})} != NOT_INUSE]?busytone)
exten => _XXXXXX,n,Set(DISTRICT=cra)
exten => _XXXXXX,n,MixMonitor(/dev/shm/${DISTRICT}/${STRFTIME(${EPOCH},,%y%m%d)}/${CALLERID(ani)}.00.${STRFTIME(${EPOCH},,%Y%m%d%H%M%S)}.${EXTEN}.${UNIQUEID}.wav49,bv(0)V(0))  ;call rec
exten => _XXXXXX,n,Answer()
exten => _XXXXXX,n,Dial(IAX2/${EXTEN},30,rM(sendUID,${UNIQUEID}))    ; 将电话连接到iax用户
exten => _XXXXXX,n,Hangup()
exten => _XXXXXX,n(busytone),Playback(bn-busy)
exten => _XXXXXX,n,Hangup()

 

还记得在sip.conf中配置的from_sip context吗？当电话87654321进入asterisk后，查询sip.conf取得context(from_sip)后，将执行from_sip的代码。

在asterisk终端可以看到上面的输出如下：

 

 

  == Using SIP RTP CoS mark 5

    -- Executing [111001@from_sip:1] GotoIf("SIP/87654321hk-08b6eaa0", "0?busytone") in new stack 

    -- Executing [111001@from_sip:2] Set("SIP/87654321hk-08b6eaa0", "DISTRICT=cra") in new stack

    -- Executing [111001@from_sip:3] MixMonitor("SIP/87654321hk-08b6eaa0", "/dev/shm/cra/091214/35693480.00.20091214102904.111001.1260757744.83.wav49,bv(0)V(0)") in new stack

    -- Executing [111001@from_sip:4] Answer("SIP/87654321hk-08b6eaa0", "") in new stack 

  == Begin MixMonitor Recording SIP/87654321hk-08b6eaa0 

    -- Executing [111001@from_sip:5] Dial("SIP/87654321hk-08b6eaa0", "IAX2/111001,30,rM(sendUID,1260757744.83)") in new stack

    -- Called 111001

    -- Call accepted by 192.168.121.181 (format gsm)

    -- Format for call is gsm

    -- IAX2/111001-13347 is ringing

    -- IAX2/111001-13347 answered SIP/87654321hk-08b6eaa0

    -- Executing [s@macro-sendUID:1] SendText("IAX2/111001-13347", "__UID_1260757744.83") in new stack

    -- Hungup 'IAX2/111001-13347'

  == Spawn extension (2b_in_cra, 111001, 5) exited non-zero on 'SIP/87654321hk-08b6eaa0'

  == End MixMonitor Recording SIP/87654321hk-08b6eaa0 

 

 当电话呼出是，将查询iax.conf里面context的设定，并执行extensions.conf里该context的内容：

[from_iax]
; outbound to outside
exten => _XXXXXXXX,1,SendText(__UID_${UNIQUEID})
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,Set(fromCh=${IF($["${BLINDTRANSFER}"=""]?${CHANNEL}:${BLINDTRANSFER})}) ;check if blind transfer
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,Set(DISTRICT=other)
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,execIf($["${fromCh:0:6}"="IAX2/1"]?Set(DISTRICT=cra))
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,execIf($["${fromCh:0:6}"="IAX2/2"]?Set(DISTRICT=crb))
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,execIf($["${fromCh:0:6}"="IAX2/3"]?Set(DISTRICT=cre))
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,execIf($["${fromCh:0:6}"="IAX2/4"]?Set(DISTRICT=crk))
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,execIf($["${fromCh:0:6}"="IAX2/5"]?Set(DISTRICT=crm))
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,MixMonitor(/dev/shm/${DISTRICT}/${STRFTIME(${EPOCH},,%y%m%d)}/${EXTEN}.00.o_${STRFTIME(${EPOCH},,%Y%m%d%H%M%S)}.${CALLERID(ani)}.${UNIQUEID}.wav49,bv(0)V(0))  ;call rec
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,Set(2bAcc=2b_${fromCh:5:6})
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN}@${2bAcc},30,r)
exten => _XXXXXXXX,n,Hangup

 

; internal call (inter agent) iax to iax ,
exten => _XXXX,1,Dial(IAX2/${EXTEN})
exten => _XXXX,n,Hangup

 

; silence monitor (by ChanSpy) super dial no to monitor call
exten => _*84XXXX,1,Set($MON_CHAN=${EXTEN:3:4})
exten => _*84XXXX,n,ChanSpy(IAX2,bq)
exten => _*84XXXX,n,Hangup

 

; coaching (by ChanSpy)
exten => _*85XXXX,1,Set($MON_CHAN=${EXTEN:3:4})
exten => _*85XXXX,n,ChanSpy(IAX2,wbq)
exten => _*85XXXX,n,Hangup

 

 asterisk在执行以上代码是终端的输出如下：

   -- Accepting AUTHENTICATED call from 192.168.121.181:

       > requested format = alaw,

       > requested prefs = (),

       > actual format = gsm,

       > host prefs = (gsm),

       > priority = mine

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:1] SendText("IAX2/111001-9344", "__UID_1260757473.81") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:2] Set("IAX2/111001-9344", "fromCh=IAX2/111001-9344") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:3] Set("IAX2/111001-9344", "DISTRICT=other") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:4] ExecIf("IAX2/111001-9344", "1?Set(DISTRICT=cra)") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax5] ExecIf("IAX2/111001-9344", "0?Set(DISTRICT=crb)") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:6] ExecIf("IAX2/111001-9344", "0?Set(DISTRICT=cre)") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:7] ExecIf("IAX2/111001-9344", "0?Set(DISTRICT=crk)") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:8] ExecIf("IAX2/111001-9344", "0?Set(DISTRICT=crm)") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:9] MixMonitor("IAX2/111001-9344", "/dev/shm/cra/091214/35693480.00.o_20091214102433.111001.1260757473.81.wav49,bv(0)V(0)") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:10] Set("IAX2/111001-9344", "2bAcc=2b_111001") in new stack

    -- Executing [35693480@from_iax:11] Dial("IAX2/111001-9344", "SIP/35693480@2b_111001,30,r") in new stack

  == Using SIP RTP CoS mark 5

    -- Called 35693480@2b_111001

  == Begin MixMonitor Recording IAX2/111001-9344

    -- SIP/from_sip-08b6eaa0 is making progress passing it to IAX2/111001-9344

    -- SIP/from_sip-08b6eaa0 answered IAX2/111001-9344

 

通过以上的介绍，我们可以看到asterisk是通过extensions.conf的context来dial（sip/xxxx）或dial（iax/xxxx）来连接sip和iax的。对于extensions.conf中的很多内置命令，可以参考http://www.voip-info.org/wiki/view/Asterisk ；或者《Asterisk.The.Future.of.Telephony》、《Building Telephony Systems with Asterisk》、《Asterisk Gateway Interface 1.4 and 1.6 Programming》

如有需要以上的书籍，可以再google上搜索，如果实在下载不到，可以留言给我，有时间的话将Email你们！