poj2689筛法应用

题意:输入两个数字L,U,0<U-L<=1e6,1<=L<U<=2147483647,找到最近的相邻素数和最远的相邻素数。

完成这道题需要细心,读完题后我们可以找到解决问题的思路:由于”L and U (1<=L< U<=2,147,483,647)“,开一个2147483647的数组显然不能满足内存要求,又由于”The difference between L and U will not exceed 1,000,000.“,我们能够把数组长度设置为1e6+1,怎样筛去L,U间的合数呢?最大合数的质因子一定有小于U^0.5的,这样质因子小于5e4,故找到50000内的所有素数然后用它们可以删除所有的合数。(总不能先删除1---2147483647所有的合数再来干事儿吧~~)。为了更快,可以用快速筛选。对了,注意1的问题,还有删除L--U的合数时要设置好起点start 。

#include <iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
#define LL long long
const unsigned int maxn=1e6+1;
bool tag[50001];
LL p[50001],cnt,N=50000;  //找到50000以内的素数即可筛除所有的合数(5e4*5e4 = 2.5e9>int上界)
LL midprime[maxn]; // 仅仅存储U,L 之间的素数(不用bool[U-L]的思路来做,防止数组过大带来麻烦。)
void getprime()
{
cnt = 0;
for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++)//快速筛选
{
if (!tag[i]) p[++cnt] = i;   // tag[i]==0 means primer.
    for (int j = 1; j <= cnt && p[j] * i <= N; j++)
    {
        tag[i*p[j]] = 1;
        if (i % p[j] == 0)break;
    }
}
}
int main()
{
    getprime();
    LL L,U,i;
    while(~scanf("%lld%lld",&L,&U)){
        while(L<2)L++;
        memset(midprime,0,sizeof(midprime));
        for(i=1;i<=cnt;i++){ // clear composite number between L and U.
            LL start=L+(p[i]-L%p[i]); //start is a prime which is not less than L
            if(L%p[i]==0)start-=p[i];   //4 17 : for p[i]=2, start=4
            if(start==p[i])start+=p[i];  // 2 17: for p[i]=2, start=4 ,4 8 ---are cleared
            //cout<<"p[i]=  start = "<<p[i]<<" "<<start<<endl;
            for(LL j=start;j<=U;j+=p[i]){
                midprime[j-L]=1; // j is ont a prime
            }
        }
        //for(i=L;i<=U;i++)if(!midprime[i-L])cout<<i<<" "; cout<<endl;
        LL close=1e6+1,far=-1,A1=0,A2=0,B1=0,B2=0,mark=0,pre=0;
        for(i=L;i<=U;i++){
            if(!midprime[i-L]){
            if(mark){
                if(close>i-pre){
                    close=i-pre;
                    A1=pre;  A2=i;
                }
                if(far<i-pre){
                    far=i-pre;
                    B1=pre;  B2=i;
                }
                pre=i;
            }
            else {
                pre=i;
                mark=1;
            }
        }
        }
        if(!A2)printf("There are no adjacent primes.\n");
        else printf("%lld,%lld are closest, %lld,%lld are most distant.\n",A1,A2,B1,B2);
    }
    return 0;
}



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