怎样用Java来获取真实的IP地址
文章分类:Java编程
在JSP里,获取客户端的IP地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr(),这种方法在大部分情况下都是有效的。但是在通过了Apache,Squid等反向代理软件就不能获取到客户端的真实IP地址了。
如果使用了反向代理软件,将http://192.168.1.110:2046/ 的URL反向代理为 http://www.bt285.cn / 的URL时,用request.getRemoteAddr()方法获取的IP地址是:127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110,而并不是客户端的真实IP。
经过代理以后,由于在客户端和服务之间增加了中间层,因此服务器无法直接拿到客户端的IP,服务器端应用也无法直接通过转发请求的地址返回给客户端。但是在转发请求的HTTP头信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟踪原有的客户端IP地址和原来客户端请求的服务器地址。当我们访问http://www.5q520.cn /index.jsp/ 时,其实并不是我们浏览器真正访问到了服务器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服务器去访问http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp ,代理服务器再将访问到的结果返回给我们的浏览器,因为是代理服务器去访问index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通过request.getRemoteAddr()的方法获取的IP实际上是代理服务器的地址,并不是客户端的IP地址。
于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法一:
1.public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) {
2. if (request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") == null) {
3. return request.getRemoteAddr();
4. }
5. return request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
6. }
Java代码
1.public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) {
2.if (request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") == null) {
3.return request.getRemoteAddr();
4.}
5.return request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
6.}
public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) {
if (request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") == null) {
return request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
}
可是当我访问http://www.5a520.cn /index.jsp/ 时,返回的IP地址始终是unknown,也并不是如上所示的127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110了,而我访问http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp 时,则能返回客户端的真实IP地址,写了个方法去验证。原因出在了Squid上。squid.conf 的配制文件 forwarded_for 项默认是为on,如果 forwarded_for 设成了 off 则:X-Forwarded-For: unknown
于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法二:
1.public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
2. String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
3. if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
4. ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
5. }
6. if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
7. ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
8. }
9. if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
10. ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
11. }
12. return ip;
13. }
Java代码
1.public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
2.String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
3.if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
4.ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
5.}
6.if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
7.ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
8.}
9.if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
10.ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
11.}
12.return ip;
13.}
public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return ip;
}
可是,如果通过了多级反向代理的话,X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个,而是一串Ip值,究竟哪个才是真正的用户端的真实IP呢?
答案是取X-Forwarded-For中第一个非unknown的有效IP字符串。
如:
X-Forwarded-For:192.168.1.110, 192.168.1.120, 192.168.1.130, 192.168.1.100
用户真实IP为: 192.168.1.110