嵌入式系统移植三部曲 李炎朔

                                嵌入式系统移植三部曲
                            李炎朔 09 机应一班 学号 0906041053

三部曲《 bootloader 的移植》《 linux 的移植》《根文件系统的移植》


一 bootloader 的移植
( 1 )安装 skyeye - 1.2 . 6 _rc1

[ root@localhost Desktop ] # tar -xjvf skyeye-1.2.6_rc1.tar.bz2 -C ./
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # cd skyeye-1.2.6_rc1
[ root@localhost skyeye - 1.2 . 6 _rc1 ] # ls
/*
   aclocal.m4      ChangeLog     configure     depcomp     LICENSE      misc     REPORTING-BUGS
   arch            config.guess  configure.in  device      MAINTAINERS  missing  TODO
   AUTHORS         config.h.in   COPYING       INSTALL     Makefile.am  NEWS     utils
   autom4te.cache  config.sub    dbct          install-sh  Makefile.in  README
*/

[ root@localhost skyeye - 1.2 . 6 _rc1 ] # ./configure                  //配置
[ root@localhost skyeye - 1.2 . 6 _rc1 ] # make                         //编译
[ root@localhost skyeye - 1.2 . 6 _rc1 ] # make install                 //将skyeye安装到/usr/local/bin/
[ root@localhost skyeye - 1.2 . 6 _rc1 ] # ll /usr/local/bin/skyeye

//   -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2544308 05-17 17:59 /usr/local/bin/skyeye

[ root@localhost skyeye - 1.2 . 6 _rc1 ] # mv /usr/local/bin/skyeye /usr/local/bin/skyeye1.2.6 //改名

( 2 )创建交叉编译环境
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # tar  -xjvf  arm-linux-gcc2.95.3.tar.bz2  -C  ./       //交叉编译器：arm-linux-gcc2.95.3

( 3 ) bootloader 移植
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # tar  -xjvf  u-boot-1.1.4.tar.bz2  -C  ./  //Bootloader：u-boot-1.1.4
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # cd  u-boot-1.1.4
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit Makefile   //编辑u-boot根目录中的Makefile文件
/*
将
ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-
endif
改为
ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)
CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-
endif

在
smdk2410_config :       unconfig
        @./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0
后面添加
ok2410_config   :       unconfig
        @./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t ok2410 NULL s3c24x0
*/

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # mkdir board/ok2410               //创建ok2410移植目录
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # cp board/smdk2410/* board/ok2410/                //复制必要的文件               */
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # dir board/ok2410/

//      config.mk  flash.c  lowlevel_init.S  Makefile  smdk2410.c  u-boot.lds

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # mv board/ok2410/smdk2410.c board/ok2410/ok2410.c
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/ok2410.h
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit include/configs/ok2410.h   //编辑ok2410.h头文件
/*
将
#define CFG_PROMPT              "SMDK2410 # "   /* Monitor Command Prompt       */
改为
#define CFG_PROMPT              "OK2410 # "     /* Monitor Command Prompt       */
* /
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ ok2410 / Makefile
/*
将
OBJS    := smdk2410.o flash.o
改为
OBJS    := ok2410.o flash.o
*/
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # make ok2410_config       //编译配置文件
//      Configuring for ok2410 board...
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # make
/*
.....
make -C examples all
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'
/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-gcc -g  -Os   -fno-strict-aliasing  -fno-common -ffixed-r8 -msoft-float  -D__KERNEL__ -DTEXT_BASE=0x33F80000 -I/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/include -fno-builtin -ffreestanding -nostdinc -isystem /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3/include -pipe  -DCONFIG_ARM -D__ARM__ -march=armv4 -mabi=apcs-gnu -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -c -o hello_world.o hello_world.c
cc1: Invalid option `abi=apcs-gnu'
make[1]: *** [hello_world.o] 错误 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'
make: *** [examples] 错误 2
*/
//编译出现了如上错误 通过修改cpu/arm920t/config.mk文件可以解决
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit cpu/arm920t/config.mk
/*
将
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,-mabi=apcs-gnu)
改成：
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,$(call cc-option,-mabi=apcs-gnu,))
*/
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # make
/*
......
/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-ar crv libstubs.a  stubs.o
a - stubs.o
make[1]: *** 没有规则可以创建“all”需要的目标“hello_world.srec”。 停止。
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'
make: *** [examples] 错误 2
*/
//又出现错误了 不怕 修改examples目录下的Makefile文件就解决啦
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit examples/Makefile
/*
将原文件的第58行开始的内容：
SREC    = hello_world.srec
BIN     = hello_world.bin hello_world
改为
SREC    = hello_world.o
BIN     = hello_world.o hello_world
*/
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # make
/*
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/common'
UNDEF_SYM=`/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objdump -x lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/ok2410/libok2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a |sed  -n -e 's/.*\(__u_boot_cmd_.*\)/-u\1/p'|sort|uniq`;\
                /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-ld -Bstatic -T /root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/board/ok2410/u-boot.lds -Ttext 0x33F80000  $UNDEF_SYM cpu/arm920t/start.o \
                        --start-group lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/ok2410/libok2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a --end-group -L /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3 -lgcc \
                        -Map u-boot.map -o u-boot
/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objcopy --gap-fill=0xff -O srec u-boot u-boot.srec
/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objcopy --gap-fill=0xff -O binary u-boot u-boot.bin

*/               //第一小步成功了...
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # ll u-boot*
/*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 396429 05-03 18:32 u-boot
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 100156 05-03 18:32 u-boot.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  48690 05-03 18:32 u-boot.map
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 300538 05-03 18:32 u-boot.srec
*/
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit skyeye.conf        //编辑skyeye的配置文件 里面空白 添加如下内容(注释里面的)
/*


# skyeye config file for S3C2410X
cpu: arm920t
mach: s3c2410x
# physical memory
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x00000000, size=0x00800000, file=./u-boot.bin ,boot=yes
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x30000000, size=0x00800000
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x30800000, size=0x00800000
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x31000000, size=0x03000000
# all peripherals I/O mapping area
mem_bank: map=I, type=RW, addr=0x48000000, size=0x20000000
mem_bank: map=I, type=RW, addr=0x19000300, size=0x00000020

net: type=cs8900a, base=0x19000300, size=0x20,int=9, mac=08:00:3E:26:0A:5B, ethmod=tuntap, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: type=s3c2410x,name=K9F1208U0B,dump=./nand.dump
#lcd:type=s3c2410x, mod=gtk
dbct:state=on


*/      
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # skyeye1.2.6              //执行skyeye
/*

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
file size:69206016
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032

U-Boot 1.1.4 (May  3 2009 - 18:31:55)

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9873C  BSS: -> 33F9C814
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
OK2410 #


*/               //出现提示符OK2410 #         执行成功    可以输入"?"查看帮助

                //开始移植nand
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit cpu/arm920t/start.S        

将以下 U － Boot 的重定向语句段：
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
relocate :                               /* relocate U-Boot to RAM           */
        adr     r0 , _start               /* r0 <- current position of code   */
        ldr     r1 , _TEXT_BASE           /* test if we run from flash or RAM */
        cmp     r0 , r1                   /* don't reloc during debug         */
        beq     stack_setup

        ldr     r2 , _armboot_start
        ldr     r3 , _bss_start
        sub     r2 , r3 , r2               /* r2 <- size of armboot            */
        add     r2 , r0 , r2               /* r2 <- source end address         */

copy_loop :
        ldmia   r0 !, { r3 - r10 }           /* copy from source address [r0]    */
        stmia   r1 !, { r3 - r10 }           /* copy to   target address [r1]    */
        cmp     r0 , r2                   /* until source end addreee [r2]    */
        ble     copy_loop
#endif  /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */

替换成：
//#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
//relocate:                             /* relocate U-Boot to RAM           */
//      adr     r0, _start              /* r0 <- current position of code   */
//      ldr     r1, _TEXT_BASE          /* test if we run from flash or RAM */
//      cmp     r0, r1                  /* don't reloc during debug         */
//      beq     stack_setup

//      ldr     r2, _armboot_start
//      ldr     r3, _bss_start
//      sub     r2, r3, r2              /* r2 <- size of armboot            */
//      add     r2, r0, r2              /* r2 <- source end address         */

//copy_loop:
//      ldmia   r0!, {r3-r10}           /* copy from source address [r0]    */
//      stmia   r1!, {r3-r10}           /* copy to   target address [r1]    */
//      cmp     r0, r2                  /* until source end addreee [r2]    */
//      ble     copy_loop
//#endif        /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
@ reset NAND
        mov r1 , #NAND_CTL_BASE
        ldr   r2 , = 0xf830           @ initial value
        str   r2 , [ r1 , #oNFCONF]
        ldr   r2 , [ r1 , #oNFCONF]
        bic  r2 , r2 , #0x800              @ enable chip
        str   r2 , [ r1 , #oNFCONF]
        mov r2 , #0xff         @ RESET command
        strb r2 , [ r1 , #oNFCMD]


        mov r3 , #0                   @ wait
nand1 :
        add  r3 , r3 , #0x1
        cmp r3 , #0xa
        blt   nand1

nand2 :
        ldr   r2 , [ r1 , #oNFSTAT]      @ wait ready
        tst    r2 , #0x1
        beq  nand2

        ldr   r2 , [ r1 , #oNFCONF]
        orr  r2 , r2 , #0x800              @ disable chip
        str   r2 , [ r1 , #oNFCONF]

@ get read to call C functions ( for nand_read ())
        ldr   sp , DW_STACK_START       @ setup stack pointer
        mov fp , #0                    @ no previous frame, so fp=0

@ copy U - Boot to RAM
        ldr   r0 , = TEXT_BASE
        mov     r1 , #0x0
        mov r2 , #0x20000
        bl    nand_read_ll
        tst    r0 , #0x0
        beq  ok_nand_read

bad_nand_read :
loop2 :    b     loop2           @ infinite loop

ok_nand_read :
@ verify
        mov r0 , #0
        ldr   r1 , = TEXT_BASE
        mov r2 , #0x400     @ 4 bytes * 1024 = 4K-bytes
go_next :
        ldr   r3 , [ r0 ], #4
        ldr   r4 , [ r1 ], #4
        teq   r3 , r4
        bne  notmatch
        subs r2 , r2 , #4
        beq  stack_setup
        bne  go_next

notmatch :
loop3 :     b     loop3         @ infinite loop

#endif /* CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT */

在
_start_armboot : . word start_armboot
后面加入
        . align   2
DW_STACK_START :   . word  STACK_BASE + STACK_SIZE - 4

//以上将从NOR Flash启动改成从NAND Flash启动

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit board/ok2410/Makefile  //修改board/ok2410/Makefile
/*
将
OBJS    := ok2410.o flash.o
改为
OBJS    := ok2410.o flash.o nand_read.o
*/

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit board/ok2410/nand_read.c   //创建board/ok2410/nand_read.c文件 添加一下内容

#include
#define __REGb(x) (*(volatile unsigned char *)(x))
#define __REGi(x) (*(volatile unsigned int *)(x))
#define NF_BASE  0x4e000000
#define NFCONF  __REGi(NF_BASE + 0x0)
#define NFCMD  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x4)
#define NFADDR  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x8)
#define NFDATA  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0xc)
#define NFSTAT  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x10)
#define BUSY 1
#ifndef NAND_SECTOR_SIZE
#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE 512
#endif
#ifndef NAND_BLOCK_MASK
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK 511
#endif

inline void wait_idle ( void ) {
        int i ;
        while (!( NFSTAT & BUSY ))
        for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++);
}

/* low level nand read function */
int nand_read_ll ( unsigned char * buf , unsigned long start_addr , int size )
{
        int i , j ;
        if (( start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK ) || ( size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK )) {
                return - 1 ; /* invalid alignment */
        }
        /* chip Enable */
        NFCONF &= ~ 0x800 ;
        for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++);
        for ( i = start_addr ; i < ( start_addr + size );) {
                /* READ0 */
                NFCMD = 0 ;
                /* Write Address */
                NFADDR = i & 0xff ;
                NFADDR = ( i >> 9 ) & 0xff ;
                NFADDR = ( i >> 17 ) & 0xff ;
                NFADDR = ( i >> 25 ) & 0xff ;
                wait_idle ();
                for ( j = 0 ; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE ; j ++, i ++) {
                        * buf = ( NFDATA & 0xff );
                        buf ++;
                }
        }
        /* chip Disable */
        NFCONF |= 0x800 ; /* chip disable */
        return 0 ;
}

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit include/configs/ok2410.h   //编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件

在文件的后部添加

/****************** me add begin *******************/
/*
* Nandflash Boot
*/
#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE    0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE    0x8000
//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE    0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE            0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb)        __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */
#define oNFCONF               0x00
#define oNFCMD                0x04
#define oNFADDR               0x08
#define oNFDATA               0x0c
#define oNFSTAT               0x10
#define oNFECC                0x14
/****************** me add end *******************/

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # make
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # skyeye1.2.6              //再次执行skyeye1.2.6

/*

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump

Init nandflash dump file.
file size:69206016
finish init nandflash dump
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin

*/               //到此停止不动 只需执行如下命令即可

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0   //这个命令需要从网上下载 复制到/bin/下即可

//      finish

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # ll nand.dump
//      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118272 05-10 22:29 nand.dump

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # skyeye1.2.6                      //再次执行skyeye1.2.6
/*
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
file size:69206016
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032


U-Boot 1.1.4 (May  3 2009 - 18:57:18)

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F988D4  BSS: -> 33F9C9AC
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
OK2410 # ?                      //显示可以使用的u-boot命令

*/

        以下对 u - boot 添加 nand 指令的支持

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit include/configs/ok2410.h

在
#define CONFIG_BAUDRATE         115200
后面添加
/*********************** me add begin *************************************/
/* enable passing of ATAGs   */
#define CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG      1
#define CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS  1
#define CONFIG_INITRD_TAG   1
/*********************** me add end *************************************/

为了能使 U - BOOT 正确引导 Linux 内核，必须传递合适的参数给内核。引导内核时可以将 bootargs 传递给内核。 bootargs 是指 ok2410 . h 文件中的 CONFIG_BOOTARGS 宏

将
                        /*CFG_CMD_NAND   |*/ \
改为
                        CFG_CMD_NAND     | \
将
/*#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS       "root=ramfs devfs=mount console=ttySA0,9600" */
改为
#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS "noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200  mem=64M"
将
/*#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND    "tftp; bootm" */
改为
#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND      "tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000"

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit include/configs/ok2410.h

将原来的 me add begin 与 me add end 之间的内容替换成以下内容

/****************** me add begin *******************/
//  #define     CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH     1       /*将该行注释，添加下面一行*/
#define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND  1           /*该行很重要，没有该行，saveenv命令将失效*/
#define CFG_ENV_SIZE    0x10000         /* Total Size of Environment Sector */
#define CFG_NAND_LEGACY 1
#define CFG_ENV_OFFSET  0X20000         /*环境变量在Nand Flash的0x20000处*/
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000        /* physical address to access nand at CS0*/
                                                        /* Nand Flash控制器在SFR区起始寄存器地址 */
#define CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1           /*支持Nand Flash设备的最大个数*/
#define SECTORSIZE 512
#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE SECTORSIZE
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK 511
#define ADDR_COLUMN 1
#define ADDR_PAGE 3
#define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 4
#define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00        /* 未知芯片的ID号 */
#define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1
#define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1下载linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2                        /* 板子上NAND Flash芯片的最大个数 */
/*下面7行是Nand Flash命令层底层的接口函数 */
#define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr) {rNFCMD = d;}
#define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr) {rNFADDR = d;}
#define WRITE_NAND(d, adr) {rNFDATA = d;}
#define READ_NAND(adr) (rNFDATA)
#define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand) {while(!(rNFSTAT&(1<<0)));}
#define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF |= (1<<11);}
#define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF &= ~(1<<11);}
/* the following functions are NOP's because S3C24X0 handles this in hardware */
#define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)
#define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)
#define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)
#define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)
#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE 1  /* 允许Nand Flash写校验 */
/*
* Nandflash Boot
*/
#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE    0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE    0x8000
//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE    0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE            0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb)        __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */
#define oNFCONF               0x00
#define oNFCMD                0x04
#define oNFADDR               0x08
#define oNFDATA               0x0c
#define oNFSTAT               0x10
#define oNFECC                0x14
#define rNFCONF (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000000)
#define rNFCMD (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000004)
#define rNFADDR (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000008)
#define rNFDATA (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e00000c)
#define rNFSTAT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000010)
#define rNFECC (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000014)
#define rNFECC0 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000014)
#define rNFECC1 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000015)
#define rNFECC2 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000016)
#endif /* CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND*/
/****************** me add end *******************/


[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit board/ok2410/ok2410.c

在文件的尾部添加如下内容：

/****************** me add begin *******************/
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
typedef enum {
        NFCE_LOW ,
        NFCE_HIGH
} NFCE_STATE ;

static inline void NF_Conf ( u16 conf )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        nand -> NFCONF = conf ;
}

static inline void NF_Cmd ( u8 cmd )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        nand -> NFCMD = cmd ;
}

static inline void NF_CmdW ( u8 cmd )
{
        NF_Cmd ( cmd );
        udelay ( 1 );
}

static inline void NF_Addr ( u8 addr )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        nand -> NFADDR = addr ;
}

static inline void NF_SetCE ( NFCE_STATE s )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        switch ( s ) {
                case NFCE_LOW :
                        nand -> NFCONF &= ~( 1 << 11 );
                        break ;
                case NFCE_HIGH :
                        nand -> NFCONF |= ( 1 << 11 );
                        break ;
        }
}

static inline void NF_WaitRB ( void )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        while (!( nand -> NFSTAT & ( 1 << 0 )));
}

static inline void NF_Write ( u8 data )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        nand -> NFDATA = data ;
}

static inline u8 NF_Read ( void )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        return ( nand -> NFDATA );
}

static inline void NF_Init_ECC ( void )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        nand -> NFCONF |= ( 1 << 12 );
}

static inline u32 NF_Read_ECC ( void )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        return ( nand -> NFECC );
}

#endif
/*
* NAND flash initialization.
*/
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
extern ulong nand_probe ( ulong physadr );

static inline void NF_Reset ( void )
{
        int i ;
        NF_SetCE ( NFCE_LOW );
        NF_Cmd ( 0xFF ); /* reset command */
        for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++); /* tWB = 100ns. */
        NF_WaitRB (); /* wait 200~500us; */
        NF_SetCE ( NFCE_HIGH );
}

static inline void NF_Init ( void )
{
#if 0 /* a little bit too optimistic */
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 3
#define TWRPH1 0
#else
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 4
#define TWRPH1 2
#endif

        NF_Conf (( 1 << 15 )|( 0 << 14 )|( 0 << 13 )|( 1 << 12 )|( 1 << 11 )|( TACLS << 8 )|( TWRPH0 << 4 )|( TWRPH1 << 0 ));
/*nand->NFCONF = (1<<15)|(1<<14)|(1<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0); */
/* 1 1 1 1, 1 xxx, r xxx, r xxx */
/* En 512B 4step ECCR nFCE=H tACLS tWRPH0 tWRPH1 */
        NF_Reset ();
}

void nand_init ( void )
{
        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND ();
        NF_Init ();
#ifdef DEBUG
        printf ( "NAND flash probing at 0x%.8lX\n" , ( ulong ) nand );
#endif
        printf ( "%4lu MB\n" , nand_probe (( ulong ) nand ) >> 20 );
}
#endif
/****************** me add end *******************/

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # gedit common/cmd_nand.c

将 NanD_ReadBuf 函数中的
        NanD_Command ( nand , NAND_CMD_READ0 );
改为
        //NanD_Command (nand, NAND_CMD_READ0);

[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # make
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # ./mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0 //也需将此命令复制到u-boot下
[ root@localhost u - boot - 1.1 . 4 ] # skyeye1.2.6



**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image , you should use - e option to indicate
your elf - format image filename . Or you only want to run binary image ,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye . conf .
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian .
arch : arm
cpu info : armv4 , arm920t , 41009200 , ff00fff0 , 2
mach info : name s3c2410x , mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num = 1 , mac addr = 8 : 0 : 3e : 26 : a : 5b , hostip = 10.0 . 0.1
nandflash : dump ./ nand . dump

Init nandflash dump file .
file size : 69206016
finish init nandflash dump
dbct info : turn on dbct !
uart_mod : 0 , desc_in :, desc_out :, converter :
SKYEYE : use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM   ./ u - boot . bin
ERROR : s3c2410x_io_write_word ( 0x4c000000 ) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR : s3c2410x_io_write_word ( 0x4c000008 ) = 0x00048032

U - Boot 1.1 . 4 ( May 03 2009 - 19 : 19 : 50 )

U - Boot code : 33F80000 -> 33F9BFC8  BSS : -> 33FA00A0
RAM Configuration :
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash : 512 kB
NAND :   64 MB                     //注意这行 出现了对nand的支持
*** Warning - bad CRC , using default environment

In :    serial
Out :   serial
Err :   serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot :   0
OK2410 #
OK2410 # ?
?       - alias for 'help'
……
mw       - memory write ( fill )
nand     - NAND sub - system       //新添加的nand命令，关于该命令的使用，将在后面几小节中介绍
nboot   - boot from NAND device
nfs     - boot image via network using NFS protocol
……
OK2410 #

        到此对 bootloader 的移植已经完毕




二   Linux 的移植

//下载linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2      交叉编译环境arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1和cs8900网卡到桌面
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # tar -xjvf arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1.tar.bz2 -C ./
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # tar -xjvf linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2 -C ./
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # tar -xjvf cs8900.tar.gz -C ./
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # cd linux-2.6.14.7
[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # gedit Makefile
/*

将
ARCH            ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE   ?=
改为
ARCH            ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE   ?= /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-  // linux2.6.14的交叉编译器为gcc-3.4.1

//将321－329行改为如下 否则将出现找不到编译器的错误

AS              = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-as
LD              = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-ld
CC              = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-gcc
CPP             = $(CC) -E
AR              = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-ar
NM              = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-nm
STRIP           = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-strip
OBJCOPY         = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-objcopy
OBJDUMP         = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-objdump


*/

[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # cp ../cs8900/cs8900.c drivers/net/arm/
[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # cp ../cs8900/cs8900.h drivers/net/arm/ //移植网卡
[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # gedit drivers/net/arm/Kconfig

在最后添加如下内容：
config ARM_CS8900
        tristate "CS8900 support"
        depends on NET_ETHERNET && ARM && ARCH_SMDK2410
        help
          Support for CS8900A chipset based Ethernet cards . If you have a network
          ( Ethernet ) card of this type , say Y and read the Ethernet - HOWTO , available
          from as well as . To compile this driver as a module , choose M here and read .
          The module will be called cs8900 . o .

[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # gedit drivers/net/arm/Makefile

        在文件最后添加如下内容：
o       bj - $ ( CONFIG_ARM_CS8900 ) += cs8900 . o

[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c

添加一个头文件
#include

将
static struct map_desc smdk2410_iodesc [] __initdata = {
  /* nothing here yet */
};
改为
static struct map_desc smdk2410_iodesc [] __initdata = {
        /* nothing here yet */
        /* Map the ethernet controller CS8900A */
        { vSMDK2410_ETH_IO , pSMDK2410_ETH_IO , SZ_1M , MT_DEVICE }
};


[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # gedit include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/smdk2410.h  //创建smdk2410.h

文件的内容如下：
#ifndef _INCLUDE_SMDK2410_H_
#define _INCLUDE_SMDK2410_H_
#include
#define pSMDK2410_ETH_IO 0x19000000
#define vSMDK2410_ETH_IO 0xE0000000
#define SMDK2410_ETH_IRQ IRQ_EINT9
#endif // _INCLUDE_SMDK2410_H_

[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c     //注意 将如下内容添加到头文件下面 否则出错

在头文件下添加如下内容：
/*nand */
#include
#include
#include
/* NAND Controller */
/************************ 建立Nand Flash分区表 ************************/
/* 一个Nand Flash总共64MB, 按如下大小进行分区 */
/*
name：代表分区名字
size：代表Flash分区大小（单位：字节）
offset：代表Flash分区的起始地址（相对于0x0的偏移）
*/
static struct mtd_partition partition_info [] =
{
    { /* 1MB */
        name : "bootloader" ,
        size : 0x00100000 ,
        offset : 0x0 ,
    },
    { /* 3MB */
        name : "kernel" ,
        size : 0x00300000 ,
        offset : 0x00100000 ,
    },
    { /* 40MB */
        name : "root" ,
        size : 0x02800000 ,
        offset : 0x00400000 ,
    },
    { /* 20MB */
        name : "user" ,
        size : 0x00f00000 ,
        offset : 0x02d00000 ,
    }
};
/************************ 加入Nand Flash分区 ************************/
/*
nr_partitions：指明partition_info中定义的分区数目
partitions：分区信息表
*/
struct s3c2410_nand_set nandset =
{
    nr_partitions : 4 ,             /* the number of partitions */
    partitions : partition_info ,     /* partition table */
};
/************************ 建立Nand Flash芯片支持 ************************/
/*
tacls, twrph0, twrph1的意思见S3C2410手册的63,
这3个值最后会被设置到NFCONF中,见S3C2410手册66.
sets：支持的分区集
nr_set：分区集的个数
*/
struct s3c2410_platform_nand superlpplatform =
{
    tacls : 0 ,
    twrph0 : 30 ,
    twrph1 : 0 ,
    sets : & nandset ,
    nr_sets : 1 ,
};


另外，还要修改该文件中 s3c_device_nand 结构体变量，添加对 dev 成员的赋值。
struct platform_device s3c_device_nand = {
        . name             = "s3c2410-nand" ,                 /* device name */
        . id               = - 1 ,                                 /* device id */
        . num_resources     = ARRAY_SIZE ( s3c_nand_resource ),
        . resource         = s3c_nand_resource ,             /* Nand Flash Controller Registers */
        . dev =                                         /* Add the Nand Flash device */
        {
                . platform_data = & superlpplatform
        }
};


[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c

//修改smdk2410_devices[]，指明初始化时，包括前面设置的Flash分区信息。

static struct platform_device * smdk2410_devices [] __initdata = {
        & s3c_device_usb ,
        & s3c_device_lcd ,
        & s3c_device_wdt ,
        & s3c_device_i2c ,
        & s3c_device_iis ,
        /* 添加如下语句 */
        & s3c_device_nand ,
};


[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # gedit drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c

在 s3c2410_nand_init_chip ()函数中。
将
                chip -> eccmode       = NAND_ECC_SOFT ;
改为
                chip -> eccmode       = NAND_ECC_NONE ;


[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # gedit fs/Kconfig

找到 menu "Pseudo filesystems"

添加如下语句：
config DEVFS_FS
        bool "/dev file system support (OBSOLETE)"
        default y
config DEVFS_MOUNT
        bool "Automatically mount at boot"
        default y
        depends on DEVFS_FS


[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # cp arch/arm/configs/smdk2410_defconfig .config
[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # make smdk2410_defconfig
[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # make menuconfig                //开始配置内核

//在弹出的TUI界面中，进行如下的配置（在smdk2410_defconfig的基础上）。


Loadable module support   --->
      [*] Enable loadable module support

# 设置内核启动参数
Boot options >
将
      ( root = 1f04 mem = 32M ) Default kernel command string
改为
     noinitrd mem = 64M root = /dev/ mtdblock2 init = /linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
#说明：
# mtdblock2代表第3个Flash分区，是rootfs
# console=ttySAC0,115200使kernel启动期间的信息全部输出到串口0上
# 2.6内核对于串口的命名改为ttySAC0，但这不影响用户空间的串口编程，用户空间的串口编程针对的仍是/ dev / ttyS0 等

Floating point emulation   --->
      [*] NWFPE math emulation
      //This is necessary to run most binaries!!!

#接下来要做的是对内核MTD子系统的设置
Device Drivers   --->
    Memory Technology Devices ( MTD )   --->
          <*> Memory Technology Device ( MTD ) support
          [*]   MTD partitioning support
          #支持MTD分区，这样我们在前面设置的分区才有意义
          [*]     Command line partition table parsing
          #支持从命令行设置flash分区信息，灵活
         RAM / ROM / Flash chip drivers   --->
            <*> Detect flash chips by Common Flash Interface ( CFI ) probe
            <*> Detect non - CFI AMD / JEDEC - compatible flash chips
            [ ] Flash chip driver advanced configuration options
            <*> Support for Intel / Sharp flash chips
            <*> Support for AMD / Fujitsu flash chips
            ( 0 )   Retry failed commands ( erase / program ) ( NEW )
            < > Support for ST ( Advanced Architecture ) flash chips      
            < > Support for RAM chips in bus mapping
            <*> Support for ROM chips in bus mapping
            < > Support for absent chips in bus mapping
            < > XIP aware MTD support

         NAND Flash Device Drivers   --->
            <*> NAND Device Support
            <*> NAND Flash support for S3C2410 / S3C2440 SoC

# 内核支持从Ramdisk启动
Device Drivers   --->
          Block devices   --->
            <*> Loopback device support
            <*> Network block device support
            <*> RAM disk support
            ( 16 )   Default number of RAM disks
            ( 4096 ) Default RAM disk size ( kbytes )
            [*]   Initial RAM disk ( initrd ) support

# 设置CS8900的支持, 将前面添加的网卡驱动程序，以静态的方式添加到内核中
Device Drivers   --->
          Network device support   --->
            Ethernet ( 10 or 100Mbit )   --->
                [*] Ethernet ( 10 or 100Mbit )
                <*>  CS8900 support

#接下来要做的是对串口的设置
Device Drivers   --->
      Character devices   --->
          [*] Non - standard serial port support
          [*] S3C2410 RTC Driver

#接下来要做的是针对文件系统的设置
File systems   --->
    <*> Second extended fs support
    <*> ROM file system support                                 #支持romfs
    Pseudo filesystems   --->
            [*] / dev file system support ( OBSOLETE )
            [*]   Automatically mount at boot ( NEW )
            [*] / proc file system support
            [*] Virtual memory file system support ( former shm fs )
    Miscellaneous filesystems   --->
        <*> Journalling Flash File System ( JFFS ) support                 #支持JFFS
        ( 0 )   JFFS debugging verbosity ( 0 = quiet , 3 = noisy ) ( NEW )
        [*]   JFFS stats available in / proc filesystem
        <*> Journalling Flash File System v2 ( JFFS2 ) support     #支持JFFS2
        ( 0 )   JFFS2 debugging verbosity ( 0 = quiet , 2 = noisy ) ( NEW )
        [*]   JFFS2 write - buffering support ( NEW )
        [ ]   Advanced compression options for JFFS2 ( NEW )  
        <*> Compressed ROM file system support ( cramfs )         #支持cramfs
      Network File Systems   --->
        <*> NFS file system support
        [*]   Provide NFSv3 client support
        [*] Root file system on NFS
    <*> YAFFS2 file system support                                       #支持YAFFS2
    ---   512 byte / page devices
    [ ]     Use older - style on - NAND data format with pageStatus byte ( NEW )
    [*]       Lets Yaffs do its own ECC ( NEW )
    [*]         Use the same ecc byte order as Steven Hill 's nand_ecc.c
    ---   2048 byte (or larger) / page devices
    [*]     Autoselect yaffs2 format (NEW)
    [*]     Disable lazy loading (NEW)
    [*]   Turn off wide tnodes (NEW)
    [*]   Force chunk erase check (NEW)
    [*]   Cache short names in RAM (NEW)


//保存退出，产生.config文件

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cd ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/
[root@localhost tools]# ./mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 30008000 -e 30008000 -n linux-2.6.14.7 -d vmlinux uImage


Image Name:   linux-2.6.14.7
Created:      Sun May 10 15:16:17 2009
Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:    1009504 Bytes = 985.84 kB = 0.96 MB
Load Address: 0x30008000
Entry Point:  0x30008000


[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage  ../
[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img  ../
[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage /tftpboot/
[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img /tftpboot/    
[root@localhost tools]# cp ../u-boot.bin /tftpboot/
[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img /tmp/nfs/
[root@localhost tools]# iptables -F             //清空防火墙规则
[root@localhost tools]# cd ..

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

//出现ok2410提示符后 按如下输入命令

OK2410 # setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 uImage
OK2410 # bootm 31000000
## Booting image at 31000000 ...
   Image Name:   linux-2.6.14.7
   Created:      2009-05-10  14:48:03 UTC
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    1009504 Bytes = 985.8 kB
   Load Address: 30008000
   Entry Point:  30008000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux.................................................................... done, booting the kernel.

Error: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x00000000).                          //出现错误
Available machine support:
ID (hex)        NAME
000000c1        SMDK2410
Please check your kernel config and/or bootloader.

//出现如上错误        修改内核的arch/arm/kernel/head.S     即可解决


[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/kernel/head.S


ENTRY(stext)
        /************ me add begin ************/
        mov r0, #0
        mov r1, #0xc1
        ldr r2, =0x30000100
        /************ me add end ************/
        msr     cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | MODE_SVC @ ensure svc mode
                                                @ and irqs disabled
        bl      __lookup_processor_type         @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
        movs    r10, r5                         @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
        beq     __error_p                               @ yes, error ' p '
        bl      __lookup_machine_type           @ r5=machinfo
        movs    r8, r5                          @ invalid machine (r5=0)?
        beq     __error_a                       @ yes, error ' a '
        bl      __create_page_tables



[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cd ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/
[root@localhost tools]# ./mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 30008000 -e 30008000 -n linux-2.6.14.7 -d vmlinux uImage
[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage  ../
[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img  ../
[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage /tftpboot/
[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img /tftpboot/    
[root@localhost tools]# cp ../u-boot.bin /tftpboot/
[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img /tmp/nfs/
[root@localhost tools]# iptables -F
[root@localhost tools]# cd ..
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
//将NAND Flash（/dev/mtdblock2）作为根文件系统

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
……                     //部分启动信息省略
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0        //到此处会出现倒计时 按空格即可
OK2410 # printenv
bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200  mem=64M
bootcmd=tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000        //要记住该环境变量，后面的实例中会用到
bootdelay=3
baudrate=115200
ipaddr=10.0.0.110
serverip=10.0.0.1
netmask=255.255.255.0
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
stderr=serial
ethaddr=08:00:3E:26:0A:5B

Environment size: 341/65532 bytes
OK2410 #
OK2410 # setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 uImage
OK2410 # bootm 31000000
## Booting image at 31000000 ...
   Image Name:   linux-2.6.14.7
   Created:      2009-05-10  14:48:03 UTC
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    1009504 Bytes = 985.8 kB
   Load Address: 30008000
   Entry Point:  30008000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................ done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.14.7 ([email protected]) (gcc version 3.4.1) #1 Sun May 10 15:13:57 CST 2009
CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)
Machine: SMDK2410
Warning: bad configuration page, trying to continue
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410 (id 0x32410000)
S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz
S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
irq: clearing pending status 00004000
irq: clearing pending status 00008000
irq: clearing pending status 00800000
irq: clearing pending status 10000000
irq: clearing subpending status 00000093
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 8192 bytes)
timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a509, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e4c
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 62720KB available (1635K code, 321K data, 92K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
softlockup thread 0 started up.
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410: Initialising architecture
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch ([email protected])
devfs: boot_options: 0x1
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25
fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory
S3C2410 RTC, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410
s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410
s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)
eth0: CS8900A rev D at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000
s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"
0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"
0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"
0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
TCP reno registered
TCP bic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,2)

//错误，因为mtdblock2中还没有文件系统，该问题将在第三部曲中解决



//通过NFS访问文件系统

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
……                     //部分启动信息省略
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 uImage
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename ' uImage '.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading:
……                     //部分信息省略
done
Bytes transferred = 1009568 (f67a0 hex)
OK2410 # bootm 31000000
……                     //部分信息省略
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................ done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.14.7 ([email protected]) (gcc version 3.4.1) #1 Sun May 10 15:13:57 CST 2009
CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)
Machine: SMDK2410
……                     //部分信息省略
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200  mem=64M
……                     //部分信息省略
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"
0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"
0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"
0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"
……                     //部分信息省略
NET: Registered protocol family 1
IP-Config: Complete:
      device=eth0, addr=10.0.0.110, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=10.0.0.1,
     host=10.0.0.110, domain=, nis-domain=(none),
     bootserver=10.0.0.1, rootserver=10.0.0.1, rootpath=
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 10.0.0.1
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 10.0.0.1
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
Mounted devfs on /dev
Freeing init memory: 92K
Failed to execute linuxrc.  Attempting defaults...
Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.

//错误，原因可能是NFS文件系统没有准备好，或者是防火墙，该问题将在第三部曲中解决


三 根文件系统的移植

//首先建立YAFFS2根文件
//由于linux-2.6.14.7内核中没有yaffs2的相关代码，因此，要向内核添加支持yaffs2文件系统的源代码
//下载yaffs2文件系统源代码—yaffs2.tar.gz

[root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xzvf yaffs2.tar.gz -C ./
[root@localhost Desktop]# cp -av yaffs2 linux-2.6.14.7/fs/
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp fs/yaffs2/Makefile.kernel fs/yaffs2/Makefile
root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit fs/Kconfig

在最后一行（endmenu）的前面添加如下一行。
source "fs/yaffs2/Kconfig"

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit fs/Makefile

在文件的最后添加如下一行。
obj-$(CONFIG_YAFFS_FS)  +=yaffs2/

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make menuconfig

File systems  --->
    <*> YAFFS2 file system support
    ---   512 byte / page devices
    [ ]     Use older-style on-NAND data format with pageStatus byte (NEW)
    [*]       Lets Yaffs do its own ECC (NEW)
    [*]         Use the same ecc byte order as Steven Hill' s nand_ecc . c
    ---   2048 byte ( or larger ) / page devices
    [*]     Autoselect yaffs2 format ( NEW )
    [*]     Disable lazy loading ( NEW )
    [*]   Turn off wide tnodes ( NEW )
    [*]   Force chunk erase check ( NEW )
    [*]   Cache short names in RAM ( NEW )


[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # make   //至此，支持yaffs2文件系统的Linux内核映像（vmlinux）已经生成

[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # cp arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/
[ root@localhost linux - 2.6 . 14.7 ] # cd ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/
[ root@localhost tools ] # ./mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 30008000 -e 30008000 -n linux-2.6.14.7 -d vmlinux uImage


Image Name :   linux - 2.6 . 14.7
Created :       Sun May 24 12 : 10 : 15 2009
Image Type :   ARM Linux Kernel Image ( uncompressed )
Data Size :     1126256 Bytes = 1099.86 kB = 1.07 MB
Load Address : 0x30008000
Entry Point :   0x30008000

[ root@localhost tools ] # cp uImage /tftpboot/    //将制作好的Linux内核映像（uImage）复制到tftp服务器根目录（/tftpboot）中。这样，可以通过tftp协议将其下载的目标板中

[ root@localhost tools ] #cd /root/Desktop/yaffs2/utils
[ root@localhost utils ] # ll

- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root   1739 2007 - 03 - 07 Makefile
- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 13689 2007 - 02 - 14 mkyaffs2image . c
- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 14968 2007 - 02 - 14 mkyaffsimage . c

[ root@localhost utils ] # make                    //编译
[ root@localhost utils ] # ll mkyaffs*             //列出生成的工具

- rwxr - xr - x 1 root root 14270 05 - 24 12 : 15 mkyaffs2image
- rwxr - xr - x 1 root root 13480 05 - 24 12 : 15 mkyaffsimage

[ root@localhost utils ] # cp mkyaffs2image /bin/          //复制到命令搜索路径中
[ root@localhost utils ] # cp mkyaffsimage /bin/

[ root@localhost utils ] #cd /tmp/[root@localhost tmp]# mkyaffsimage nfs rootfs.yaffs
[ root@localhost tmp ] # mkyaffs2image nfs rootfs.yaffs2
[ root@localhost tmp ] # ll rootfs.yaffs*

- rw - rw - rw - 1 root root 4532880 05 - 24 18 : 35 rootfs . yaffs
- rw - rw - rw - 1 root root 5121600 05 - 24 18 : 34 rootfs . yaffs2

[ root@localhost tmp ] # cp rootfs.yaffs* /tftpboot/
[ root@localhost tmp ] # chmod 666 /tftpboot/rootfs.yaffs* //将yaffs文件系统映像复制到/tftpboot目录

//下载busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # tar -xjvf busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2 -C ./
[ root@localhost Desktop ] # cd busybox-1.13.4
[ root@localhost busybox - 1.13 . 4 ] # gedit Makefile
/*

将
CROSS_COMPILE ?=
改为
CROSS_COMPILE ?=/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-

将
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
改为
ARCH ?= arm

*/

[ root@localhost busybox - 1.13 . 4 ] # make defconfig         //恢复默认配置
[ root@localhost busybox - 1.13 . 4 ] # make menuconfig

在弹出的 TUI 界面中进行如下配置：
检查 Miscellaneous Utilities --->
    taskset 是否去除
同时设置如下：
Busybox Settings --->
        Build Options --->
            [*] Build BusyBox as a static binry ( no shared libs )         //选用静态连接
            [*] Build with Large File Support ( for accessing files > 2 GB )
            ( /usr/ local / arm / 3.4 . 1 / bin / arm - linux -) Cross Compiler prefix
        Installation Options --->
            [*] Don 't use /usr
            (./_install) BusyBox installation prefix                            //安装路径
        Busybox Library Tuning  --->
            (6) Minimum password length
            (2) MD5: Trade Bytes for Speed
            [*] Faster /proc scanning code (+100 bytes)
            [ ] Support for /etc/networks
            [*] Command line editing
            (1024) Maximum length of input
            [*]   vi-style line editing commands
            (15)  History size
            [*]   History saving
            [*]   Tab completion
            [*]     Username completion
            [*]   Fancy shell prompts           //Setting this option allows for prompts to use things like \w and
                                                        //  \$ and escape codes.
            [ ] Give more precise messages when copy fails (cp, mv etc)
            (4) Copy buffer size, in kilobytes
            [ ] Use clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) syscall
            [*] Use ioctl names rather than hex values in error messages
            [*] Support infiniband HW
//设置完毕后，保存、退出。

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make

......
  CC      networking/inetd.o
  CC      networking/interface.o
networking/interface.c:818: error: `ARPHRD_INFINIBAND' undeclared here ( not in a function )
networking / interface . c : 818 : error : initializer element is not constant
networking / interface . c : 818 : error : ( near initialization for `ib_hwtype.type')
make[1]: *** [networking/interface.o] 错误 1
make: *** [networking] 错误 2

//编译出错，此时需要编辑networking/interface.c文件

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# gedit networking/interface.c

//将networking/interface.c文件的818行修改为“.type = -1”，然后再次编译。

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make

......
  CC      util-linux/volume_id/volume_id.o
  CC      util-linux/volume_id/xfs.o
  AR      util-linux/volume_id/lib.a
  LINK    busybox_unstripped
Trying libraries: crypt m
 Library crypt is not needed, excluding it
 Library m is needed, can't exclude it (yet)
Final link with: m
  DOC     busybox.pod
  DOC     BusyBox.txt
  DOC     BusyBox.1
  DOC     BusyBox.html

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make install

//成功，但是会出现如下信息：
--------------------------------------------------
You will probably need to make your busybox binary
setuid root to ensure all configured applets will
work properly.
--------------------------------------------------

//解决办法是修改_install/bin/busybox文件的属性

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# chmod 4755 ./_install/bin/busybox        //修改busybox属性

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# cd /tmp/nfs
[root@localhost nfs]# mkdir -p bin sbin lib/modules etc/init.d dev usr/bin usr/sbin usr/lib proc sys  home root boot mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp var/lib var/lock var/log var/run var/tmp tmp
//注意：其中bin、dev、etc、lib、proc、sbin、sys、usr是必备的8个目录
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 1777 tmp
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 1777 var/tmp
[root@localhost nfs]# cd dev/
[root@localhost dev]# mknod -m 600 console c 5 1
[root@localhost dev]# mknod -m 666 null c 1 3
[root@localhost dev]# cd /root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4/_install
[root@localhost _install]# cp -a bin /tmp/nfs/
[root@localhost _install]# cp -a sbin /tmp/nfs/
[root@localhost _install]# ll linuxrc

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 05-11 17:41 linuxrc -> bin/busybox

[root@localhost _install]# cp -a linuxrc /tmp/nfs/
[root@localhost _install]# ll /tmp/nfs/linuxrc

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 05-11 17:43 /tmp/nfs/linuxrc -> bin/busybox

[root@localhost _install]# cd /root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# cp -a examples/bootfloppy/etc/* /tmp/nfs/etc/                             */
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# ls /tmp/nfs/etc/

fstab  init.d  inittab  profile

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# cd /tmp/nfs
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/inittab
//文件内容如下：
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS           #指定系统初始化脚本文件
::respawn:-/bin/login            #加上-语句会在登陆终端之后调用/etc/目录下的profile文件
::restart:/sbin/init                     #指定系统重启时执行的初始化程序

tty0::respawn:-/bin/login

::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r    #指定关机时执行的操
::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a

[root@localhost nfs]# ll etc/inittab

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 309 05-11 18:28 etc/inittab

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/inittab
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/init.d/rcS
//文件内容如下：
#!/bin/sh
# mount all filesystem defined in "fstab"
echo "#mount all......."
/bin/mount -a

/bin/mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/tty0 c 4 0
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock0 b 31 0
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock1 b 31 1
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock2 b 31 2
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock3 b 31 3
#/bin/mount -t ext2 /dev/mtdblock3 /mnt/temp/

echo "******************************************************************"
echo "                   OK 2410 Rootfs made by liyanshuo, 2009.05"
echo "******************************************************************"

[root@localhost nfs]# ll etc/init.d/rcS

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 05-11 18:27 etc/init.d/rcS

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/init.d/rcS

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/fstab
//文件内容如下：
proc    /proc   proc    defaults        0       0
sysfs   /sys    sysfs   defaults        0       0
none    /tmp    ramfs   defaults        0       0
mdev    /dev    ramfs   defaults        0       0

[root@localhost nfs]# ll etc/fstab

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59 05-11 18:30 etc/fstab

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/fstab
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/proflie
//文件内容如下：
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells
echo
echo -n "Processing /etc/profile... "
# no-op
# Set search library path
echo "Set search library path in /etc/profile"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib

# Set user path
echo "Set user path in /etc/profile"
export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin       #设置命令搜索路径
export HISTSIZE=100
export PS1='[\u@\h \W]\$ '
alias ll='ls -l'

#/sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0
/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
echo "Configure net done"

echo "All Done"
echo


[root@localhost nfs]# cp /etc/passwd etc/ ;cp /etc/shadow etc/ ;cp /etc/group etc/   //创建密码文件、修改其权限
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 600 etc/shadow
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/passwd
内容是：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh       //将此句中的x删除即可删除引导密码
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/shadow
内容是：root:$1$zs2zr2N4$15U99ll5tUm3DwOvKnCVV1:14335:0:99999:7:::
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/group
内容是：root:x:0:root

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/mdev.conf       //为mdev创建配置文件
内容是：空

[root@localhost nfs]# ll etc/

总计 60
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  117 05-11 19:28 fstab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   14 05-11 20:09 group
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 05-11 20:04 init.d
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  184 05-11 19:33 inittab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 05-11 20:09 mdev.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   30 05-11 20:07 passwd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  801 05-11 19:42 proflie
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   59 05-11 20:08 shadow

[root@localhost nfs]# rm etc/*~ etc/init.d/*~   //删除备份文件                        */

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit copy_lib.sh //编写脚本文件copy_lib.sh 复制常用的库文件    
//文件内容如下：
#!/bin/bash
#You should put this file cp.sh in /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/
ROOTFS_LIB=/tmp/nfs/lib/
for file in libc libcrypt libdl libm libpthread libresolv libutil
do
cp $file-*.so ${ROOTFS_LIB}
cp -d $file.so.[*0-9] ${ROOTFS_LIB}
done
cp -d ld*.so* ${ROOTFS_LIB}

[root@localhost nfs]# ll copy_lib.sh

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 303 05-11 20:18 copy_lib.sh

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod a+x copy_lib.sh
[root@localhost nfs]# cp copy_lib.sh /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/
[root@localhost nfs]# cd /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/
[root@localhost lib]# ./copy_lib.sh
[root@localhost lib]# cd -
/tmp/nfs
[root@localhost nfs]# ll lib
总计 2516
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  131480 05-11 20:19 ld-2.3.2.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      11 05-11 20:19 ld-linux.so.2 -> ld-2.3.2.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1560352 05-11 20:19 libc-2.3.2.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   30155 05-11 20:19 libcrypt-2.3.2.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      17 05-11 20:19 libcrypt.so.1 -> libcrypt-2.3.2.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      13 05-11 20:19 libc.so.6 -> libc-2.3.2.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   15736 05-11 20:19 libdl-2.3.2.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      14 05-11 20:19 libdl.so.2 -> libdl-2.3.2.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  546854 05-11 20:19 libm-2.3.2.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      13 05-11 20:19 libm.so.6 -> libm-2.3.2.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   97975 05-11 20:19 libpthread-0.10.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      18 05-11 20:19 libpthread.so.0 -> libpthread-0.10.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   81495 05-11 20:19 libresolv-2.3.2.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      18 05-11 20:19 libresolv.so.2 -> libresolv-2.3.2.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   13689 05-11 20:19 libutil-2.3.2.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      16 05-11 20:19 libutil.so.1 -> libutil-2.3.2.so
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 05-11 11:23 modules
[root@localhost nfs]#           //一个基本的根文件系统（通过NFS挂载）构建完成



[root@localhost nfs]#cd
[root@localhost ~]# cd Desktop/
[root@localhost Desktop]# gedit /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
//tftp文件内容如下：
1       # default: off
 2      # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
 3      #       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
 4      #       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
 5      #       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
 6      service tftp
 7      {
 8              socket_type             = dgram
 9              protocol                = udp
10              wait                    = yes
11              user                    = root
12              server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
13              server_args             = -s /tftpboot
14              disable         = no
15              per_source              = 11
16              cps                     = 100 2
17              flags                   = IPv4
18      }

[root@localhost Desktop]# service xinetd restart        //重启tftp服务器
[root@localhost Desktop]# gedit /etc/exports
//exports文件内容如下：
/tmp/nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# service nfs restart      //重启NFS服务器

[root@localhost Desktop]# cd u-boot-1.1.4
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# exportfs

/tmp/nfs        

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# exportfs -ra             //重新扫描配置文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6      //使用NFS文件系统

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
……                     //部分启动信息省略
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
OK2410 # run bootcmd
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
#################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         ################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1161416 (11b8c8 hex)
## Booting image at 31000000 ...
   Image Name:   linux-2.6.14.7
   Created:      2009-05-24  11:22:39 UTC
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    1161352 Bytes =  1.1 MB
   Load Address: 30008000
   Entry Point:  30008000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux.......................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.14.7 ([email protected]) (gcc version 3.4.1) #6 Sun May 24 19:22:08 CST 2009
CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)
Machine: SMDK2410
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410 (id 0x32410000)
S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz
S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200  mem=64M
……                     //部分启动信息省略
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 62464KB available (1888K code, 393K data, 92K init)
……                     //部分启动信息省略
JFFS version 1.0, (C) 1999, 2000  Axis Communications AB
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (C) 2001-2003 Red Hat, Inc.
yaffs May 24 2009 19:21:42 Installing.
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25
fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory
……                     //部分启动信息省略
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)
eth0: CS8900A rev D at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000
s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Bad eraseblock 7 at 0x0001c000
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"
0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"
0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"
0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
NET: Registered protocol family 2
……                     //部分启动信息省略
IP-Config: Complete:
      device=eth0, addr=10.0.0.110, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=10.0.0.1,
     host=10.0.0.110, domain=, nis-domain=(none),
     bootserver=10.0.0.1, rootserver=10.0.0.1, rootpath=
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 10.0.0.1
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 10.0.0.1
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
Mounted devfs on /dev
Freeing init memory: 92K
#mount all.......
******************************************************************
                   OK 2410 Rootfs made by liyanshuo, 2009.05
******************************************************************
ztg login: root
login[25]: root login on 'console'

Processing /etc/profile... Set search library path in /etc/profile
Set user path in /etc/profile
Configure net done
All Done

~ # printenv
USER=root
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib
HOME=/root
PS1=[\u@\h \W]\$
LOGNAME=root
TERM=vt102
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
HISTSIZE=100
SHELL=/bin/sh
PWD=/root
~ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:3E:26:0A:5B  
          inet addr:10.0.0.110  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1826 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:730 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:2386884 (2.2 MiB)  TX bytes:116644 (113.9 KiB)
          Interrupt:53 Base address:0x300

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

~ # ping -c 2 10.0.0.1
PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.021 ms

--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.021/0.027/0.034 ms

~ #


//成功移植


//以下使用/dev/mtdblock2中的文件系统

[root@localhost tmp]# pwd

/tmp

[root@localhost tmp]# mkfs.cramfs nfs ok2410.cramfs
[root@localhost tmp]# ll ok2410.cramfs

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2199552 05-13 08:18 ok2410.cramfs

[root@localhost tmp]# cp ok2410.cramfs /tftpboot/       //复制ok2410.cramfs到tftp服务器根目录
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# pwd

/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
……                     //部分启动信息省略
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 ok2410.cramfs
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename 'ok2410.cramfs'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: checksum bad
############checksum bad
#####################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #######################################
done
Bytes transferred = 2195456 (218000 hex)
OK2410 # nand erase 400000 300000

NAND erase: device 0 offset 4194304, size 3145728 ... OK
OK2410 # nand write 31000000 400000 0x218000

NAND write: device 0 offset 4194304, size 2195456 ...  2195456 bytes written: OK
OK2410 # setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
OK2410 # run bootcmd
……                     //启动信息省略


//到此 嵌入式系统移植三部曲移植成功


http://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=14735472&do=blog&id=110947