List 迭代过程中删除或添加元素

1. List 迭代过程中删除元素采用list.remove(obj)会造成其size自减,modCount自增而产生问题:

Collection list = new ArrayList();
list.add("creek");
list.add("misty");
list.add("forest");

Iterator iter = list.iterator();

while (iter.hasNext()) {
    Object obj = iter.next();
    if ("creek".equals(obj))
       list.remove(obj);
}


运行时会报 java.util.ConcurrentModificationException错误。

我们先看看java.util.ArrayList的相关代码:

private void fastRemove(int index) {
	modCount++;
	int numMoved = size - index - 1;
	if (numMoved > 0)
		System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
						 numMoved);
	elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work
}


还有java.util.AbstractList的:

int expectedModCount = modCount;

public boolean hasNext() {
		return cursor != size();
}

public E next() {
		checkForComodification();
	try {
	E next = get(cursor);
	lastRet = cursor++;
	return next;
	} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
	checkForComodification();
	throw new NoSuchElementException();
	}
}

final void checkForComodification() {
	if (modCount != expectedModCount)
	throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}


当调用iterator()方法的时候,expectedModCount = modCount (等于3,三次添加元素)
第一次循环的时候,把第一个元素给删除了,这时modCount++ (等于4)
第二次调用iter.next()会调用checkForComodification()方法,check到这两个值不相等,所以报异常。

如果我们需要在迭代的过程中对元素进行删除操作,使用AbstractList提供的remove()方法,当然这也不是线程安全的:

	public void remove() {
	    if (lastRet == -1)
		throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();

	    try {
		AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet);
		if (lastRet < cursor)
		    cursor--;
		lastRet = -1;
		// Let the values of the two variables be equal
		// so that the check would be passed
		expectedModCount = modCount;
	    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
		throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
	    }
	}


可以看到这里的expectedModCount已经设置成和modCount相等了。

另一种方式是利用并发库里的CopyOnWriteArrayList类:
Collection list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList();
...


2. List 迭代过程中添加元素采用list.add(obj)会造成其size自增,modCount自增而产生问题,这里就不再赘述。

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