ELK日志分析系统实战（一）安装和部署
在日常的运维管理活动，日志非常的重要，当发现error时可以从日志了解报错并及时解决。日志分为系统日志,应用日志,和安全日志，经常的分析日志可以了解服务器的硬件状况，性能以及安全，从而采取预防措施及时纠正任务。
通常情况下，日志被分散到不同的存储设备上，而企业内部的服务器，少则十几台多则成千上百，如果采取最传统的方式登录每台服务器进行查看，对运维来说难度大劳动强度也大，而且不易管理容易出错不易管理，所以需要一个进行集中化管理日志的解决方案。
开源实时日志分析平台 ELK 是ELK套件（ELK stack）是指ElasticSearch、Logstash和Kibana三件套。这三个软件可以组成一套日志分析和监控工具。
Elasticsearch是个开源分布式搜索引擎，它的特点有：分布式，零配置，自动发现，索引自动分片，索引副本机制，restful风格接口，多数据源，自动搜索负载等。
Logstash是一个完全开源的工具，他可以对你的日志进行收集、过滤，并将其存储供以后使用（如，搜索）。
Kibana 也是一个开源和免费的工具，它Kibana可以为 Logstash 和 ElasticSearch 提供的日志分析友好的 Web 界面，可以帮助您汇总、分析和搜索重要数据日志。
如图：Logstash收集AppServer产生的Log，并存放到ElasticSearch集群中，而Kibana则从ES集群中查询数据生成图表，再返回给Browser。
（一）ELK平台搭建准备
1.1 平台环境：
OS:CentOS release 6.4(Final)
ElasticSearch:2.2.1
Logstash:2.2.2
Kibana:4.4.2
JRE:1.8.2
注：由于Logstash的运行依赖于Java环境， 而Logstash 1.5以上版本不低于java 1.7，因此推荐使用最新版本的Java。因为我们只需要Java的运行环境，所以可以只安装JRE，不过这里我依然使用JDK
1.2 ELK下载：https://www.elastic.co/downloads/
由于三个软件各自的版本号太多，建议采用ElasticSearch官网推荐的搭配组。具体下载如下图一图二：
图一
图二
直接下载或使用linux自带的下载工具wget进行下载
1，wget https://download.elasticsearch.org/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/tar/elasticsearch/2.2.1/elasticsearch-2.2.1.tar.gz
2,wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/logstash-2.2.2.tar.gz
3,wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.4.2-linux-x64.tar.gz
1.3防火墙的配置：建议最好关闭本机防火墙iptables
[root@zabbix software]# service iptables stop [root@zabbix software]# chkconfig iptables off [root@zabbix software]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted
(二)安装部署ELK平台
2.1安装部署jdk(具体可以参考http://liqingbiao.blog.51cto.com/3044896/1734612)
[root@zabbix software]# wget http://sdlc-esd.oracle.com/ESD6/JSCDL/jdk/8u77-b03/jre-8u77-linux-i586.rpm?GroupName=JSC&FilePath=/ESD6/JSCDL/jdk/8u77-b03/jre-8u77-linux-i586.rpm&BHost=javadl.sun.com&File=jre-8u77-linux-i586.rpm&AuthParam=1459403700_48ef84d5bcfce1580a2e5eac12bb9eb3&ext=.rpm
[root@localhost install]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:jdk1.8.0_51 ########################################### [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
rt.jar...
jsse.jar...
charsets.jar...
tools.jar...
localedata.jar...
jfxrt.jar...
plugin.jar...
javaws.jar...
deploy.jar...
[root@localhost install]# vi /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
"/etc/profile" 78L, 1796C
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
. "$i"
else
. "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_51
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:.:$CLASSPATH
[root@zabbix software]# java -version java version "1.8.0_51" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_51-b16) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.51-b03, mixed mode)
2.2安装Logstash具体步骤如下：
Logstash的功能如下：
其实它就是一个收集器而已，我们需要为它指定Input和Output（当然Input和Output可以为多个）。由于我们需要把Java代码中Log4j的日志输出到ElasticSearch中，因此这里的Input就是Log4j，而Output就是ElasticSearch。
（1）安装Logstash
[root@zabbix software]# tar zxvf logstash-2.2.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@zabbix local]# mv logstash-2.2.2/ logstash
（2）测试Logstash,如下显示正确
[root@zabbix local]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin { } } output { stdout {} }'
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Logstash startup completed
hello world
2016-03-31T06:03:54.447Z zabbix.com hello world
how are you
2016-03-31T06:04:09.225Z zabbix.com how are you
（3）创建logstash配置文件目录
[root@zabbix local]# mkdir /usr/local/logstash/etc/
[root@zabbix etc]# vim logstash-simple.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
elasticsearch {hosts => "192.168.1.245" }
stdout { codec=> rubydebug }
}
Logstash使用input和output定义收集日志时的输入和输出的相关配置，本例中input定义了一个叫"stdin"的input，output定义一个叫"stdout"的output。无论我们输入什么字符,Logstash都会按照某种格式来返回我们输入的字符，其中output被定义为"stdout"并使用了codec参数来指定logstash输出格式。
（4）对logstash进行测试
[root@zabbix local]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/etc/logstash-test.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Logstash startup completed
hello world
{
"message" => "hello world",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2016-03-31T08:20:00.736Z",
"host" => "zabbix.com"
}
2.3安装Elasticsearch
(1)安装Elasticsearch.必须注意不能使用root账户，要使用普通用户本文以appuser用户进行测试。
[root@zabbix software]# tar zxvf elasticsearch-2.2.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@zabbix software]#su appuser [appuser@zabbix local]$ mv elasticsearch-2.2.1/ elasticsearch [appuser@zabbix local]$ chown -R appuser.appuser /usr/local/elasticsearch/ [appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ ./bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head -> Installing mobz/elasticsearch-head... Trying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip ... Downloading ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................DONE Verifying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip checksums if available ... NOTE: Unable to verify checksum for downloaded plugin (unable to find .sha1 or .md5 file to verify) Installed head into /usr/local/elasticsearch/plugins/head [appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ ls plugins/ head [appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ mkdir /tmp/elasticsearch/data [appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ mkdir /tmp/elasticsearch/logs [appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ ll /tmp/elasticsearch/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 appuser appuser 4096 Mar 31 14:39 data drwxr-xr-x 2 appuser appuser 4096 Mar 31 14:40 logs
（2)编辑Elasticsearch配置文件
[appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ vim config/elasticsearch.yml cluster.name: cluster-test node.name: node-1 path.data: /tmp/elasticsearch/data path.logs: /tmp/elasticsearch/logs network.host: 192.168.1.245 http.port: 9200
（3）启动Elasticsearch
[appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ ./bin/elasticsearch & ## -d或&以后代的方式进行启动
[2016-03-31 14:46:56,648][WARN ][bootstrap ] unable to install syscall filter: seccomp unavailable: CONFIG_SECCOMP not compiled into kernel, CONFIG_SECCOMP and CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER are needed
[2016-03-31 14:46:56,893][INFO ][node ] [node-1] version[2.2.1], pid[9530], build[d045fc2/2016-03-09T09:38:54Z]
[2016-03-31 14:46:56,893][INFO ][node ] [node-1] initializing ...
[2016-03-31 14:46:57,476][INFO ][plugins ] [node-1] modules [lang-expression, lang-groovy], plugins [head], sites [head]
[2016-03-31 14:46:57,495][INFO ][env ] [node-1] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/ (/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root)]], net usable_space [124.6gb], net total_space [295.1gb], spins? [possibly], types [ext4]
[2016-03-31 14:46:57,495][INFO ][env ] [node-1] heap size [1007.3mb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true]
[2016-03-31 14:46:57,495][WARN ][env ] [node-1] max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process likely too low, consider increasing to at least [65536]
[2016-03-31 14:46:59,299][INFO ][node ] [node-1] initialized
[2016-03-31 14:46:59,299][INFO ][node ] [node-1] starting ...
[2016-03-31 14:46:59,393][INFO ][transport ] [node-1] publish_address {192.168.1.245:9300}, bound_addresses {192.168.1.245:9300}
[2016-03-31 14:46:59,402][INFO ][discovery ] [node-1] cluster/X3c1h32aTxqRrc1IHoLWGQ
[2016-03-31 14:47:02,502][INFO ][cluster.service ] [node-1] new_master {node-1}{X3c1h32aTxqRrc1IHoLWGQ}{192.168.1.245}{192.168.1.245:9300}, reason: zen-disco-join(elected_as_master, [0] joins received)
[2016-03-31 14:47:02,540][INFO ][http ] [node-1] publish_address {192.168.1.245:9200}, bound_addresses {192.168.1.245:9200}
[2016-03-31 14:47:02,540][INFO ][node ] [node-1] started
[2016-03-31 14:47:02,606][INFO ][gateway ] [node-1] recovered [0] indices into cluster_state
出现标红的即为正常，传输端口为9300接受http请求的端口为9200，按ctrl+C停止，加-d或&以后台的方式进行启动Elasticsearch
(4)验证启动:验证启动有两种方式：一种通过本机进行访问，另一种通过浏览器进行访问，接下来一一介绍。
方法一：
[appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ ps -ef|grep elasticsearch
appuser 9705 1 91 14:55 pts/1 00:00:07 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_51/bin/java -Xms256m -Xmx1g -Djava.awt.headless=true -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djna.nosys=true -Des.path.home=/usr/local/elasticsearch -cp /usr/local/elasticsearch/lib/elasticsearch-2.2.1.jar:/usr/local/elasticsearch/lib/* org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch start -d
appuser 9760 6990 0 14:55 pts/1 00:00:00 grep elasticsearch
[appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ netstat -lntp|grep :9200
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.1.245:9200 :::*
[appuser@zabbix elasticsearch]$ curl 'http://192.168.1.245:9200/_search?pretty' {
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 0,
"successful" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 0,
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [ ]
}
}
方法二：通过浏览器访问：
(5）创建Elasticsearch索引
a,由于刚刚安装了head插件，它是一个用浏览器跟Elasticsearch交互的插件，可以查看集群状态，集群的内容，执行搜索和普通 的rest请求等，可以通过：IP:9200/_plugin/head页面进行查看集群状态：
b,点击索引，进行创建
2.4安装Kibana
(1)安装Kibana
[root@zabbix software]# tar zxvf kibana-4.4.2-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@zabbix local]# mv kibana-4.4.2-linux-x64/ kibana
(2）配置kibana
[root@zabbix local]# cd kibana/ [root@zabbix kibana]# vim config/kibana.yml # Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use. server.port: 5601 # This setting specifies the IP address of the back end server. server.host: "192.168.1.245" # Enables you to specify a path to mount Kibana at if you are running behind a proxy. This setting # cannot end in a slash. # server.basePath: "" # The maximum payload size in bytes for incoming server requests. # server.maxPayloadBytes: 1048576 # The URL of the Elasticsearch instance to use for all your queries. elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.1.245:9200" # When this setting’s value is true Kibana uses the hostname specified in the server.host # setting. When the value of this setting is false, Kibana uses the hostname of the host # that connects to this Kibana instance. # elasticsearch.preserveHost: true # Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations and # dashboards. Kibana creates a new index if the index doesn’t already exist. kibana.index: ".kibana" # The default application to load. # kibana.defaultAppId: "discover"
把以下注释放开，使配置起作用。
server.port: 5601 server.host: “192.168.1.245” elasticsearch.url: http://192.168.1.245:9200 kibana.index: “.kibana”
（3）启动Kibana并进行测试访问
[root@zabbix kibana]# ./bin/kibana log [15:23:07.861] [info][status][plugin:kibana] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready log [15:23:07.902] [info][status][plugin:elasticsearch] Status changed from uninitialized to yellow - Waiting for Elasticsearch log [15:23:07.919] [info][status][plugin:kbn_vislib_vis_types] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready log [15:23:07.931] [info][status][plugin:markdown_vis] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready log [15:23:07.939] [info][status][plugin:metric_vis] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready log [15:23:07.965] [info][status][plugin:spyModes] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready log [15:23:07.972] [info][status][plugin:statusPage] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready log [15:23:07.977] [info][status][plugin:table_vis] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready log [15:23:07.983] [info][listening] Server running at http://192.168.1.245:5601 log [15:23:12.980] [info][status][plugin:elasticsearch] Status changed from yellow to yellow - No existing Kibana index found log [15:23:16.749] [info][status][plugin:elasticsearch] Status changed from yellow to green - Kibana index ready
查看启动没有报错，可以通过192.168.1.245:5601在浏览器进行访问了。
使用http://kibanaServerIP：5601访问Kibana，登录后，首先，配置一个索引，默认，Kibana的数据被指向Elasticsearch，使用默认的logstash-*的索引名称，并且是基于时间的，点击“Create”即可。
看到如下界面说明索引创建完成
至此ELK平台部署完成。