TimesTen数据库的备份和恢复

准备工作

先建立一个样例数据库sampledb_1122和待恢复数据库和sampledb1_1122
DSN文件如下：

[sampledb_1122]
Driver=/home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/lib/libtten.so
DataStore=/home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb_1122
PermSize=40
TempSize=32
PLSQL=1
DatabaseCharacterSet=US7ASCII

[sampledb1_1122]
Driver=/home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/lib/libtten.so
DataStore=/home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb1_1122
PermSize=32
DatabaseCharacterSet=AL32UTF8

注意，这里故意将待恢复数据库的字符集设置为不同，同时将PermSize设置比原库小

$ ttisql -v1 sampledb_1122
Command> create table test(id int, t timestamp);
Command> insert into test select 1, sysdate from dual;
Command> select * from test;
< 1, 2016-04-05 05:35:53.000000 >
Command> dssize m;

  PERM_ALLOCATED_SIZE:      40
  PERM_IN_USE_SIZE:         9.2744140625
  PERM_IN_USE_HIGH_WATER:   9.2744140625
  TEMP_ALLOCATED_SIZE:      32
  TEMP_IN_USE_SIZE:         9.2822265625
  TEMP_IN_USE_HIGH_WATER:   9.34375


##全备份+恢复##

建立不支持增量备份的全备份

做一个全备份，fileFull为不支持增量的全备份

$ ttbackup -type fileFull  -dir /tmp/backupdir sampledb_1122
Backup started ...
Backup complete
$ ll /tmp/backupdir/
total 43764
-rw------- 1 oracle oracle 28798976 Apr  5 05:38 sampledb_1122.0.bac
-rw------- 1 oracle oracle 15958016 Apr  5 05:39 sampledb_1122.0.bac0
-rw------- 1 oracle oracle      720 Apr  5 05:39 sampledb_1122.sta

恢复到原数据库

$ ttrestore -dir /tmp/backupdir sampledb_1122
Restore started ...
Restore failed:
Error 12133: TT12133: Data store file already exists -- file "restore.c", lineno 1006, procedure "doRestore"
恢复时原数据库必须不存在
$ ttdestroy sampledb_1122
$ ttrestore -dir /tmp/backupdir sampledb_1122
Restore started ...
Restore complete
$ ttisql -v1 sampledb_1122
Command> select * from test;
< 1, 2016-04-05 05:35:53.000000 >

恢复到另一数据库

**必须用-fname指定文件前缀，否则以sampledb1_1122为前缀**
$ ttrestore -fname sampledb_1122 -dir /tmp/backupdir/ sampledb1_1122
Restore started ...
ttRestore: SQL Error: Failed to connect to data store
*** [TimesTen][TimesTen 11.2.2.6.2 ODBC Driver][TimesTen]TT6200: New value for permanent data partition size ignored since smaller than current value of 40 megabytes -- file "db.c", lineno 10239, procedure "sbDbConnect"
*** ODBC Error = 01000, TimesTen Error = 6200

*** [TimesTen][TimesTen 11.2.2.6.2 ODBC Driver]Invalid value (AL32UTF8) for DatabaseCharacterSet connection attribute -- value must be the same as the current data store value (US7ASCII)
*** ODBC Error = 08004, TimesTen Error = 6228

ttRestore: Failed connecting to data store after restore

虽然有很多警告，不过备份还是成功了，警告为：
- 恢复库的字符集不一致，忽略。因为字符集必须一致
- 恢复库的PermSize较备份库小，忽略. 如果较大则没有问题

$ ttisql -v1 sampledb1_1122

Warning  6226: Ignoring value requested for first connection attribute 'PermSize' -- value currently in use: 40, requested value: 32

Command> select * from test;
< 1, 2016-04-05 05:35:53.000000 >

备份中到底包含哪些内容

备份的内容包含三部分,最近一次的checkpoint文件，transaction log文件和.sta元数据文件
$ ls -l /tmp/backupdir
total 43880
-rw------- 1 oracle oracle 28834840 Apr 5 06:27 sampledb_1122.0.bac -rw------- 1 oracle oracle 16039936 Apr 5 06:27 sampledb_1122.0.bac0 -rw------- 1 oracle oracle 720 Apr 5 06:27 sampledb_1122.sta 从元数据文件中可得到备份的DataStore的信息
$ strings sampledb_1122.sta
/home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb_1122
tt1122
然后可以与DataStore中的checkpoint和日志文件核对
$ ll /home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb_1122*
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 28834840 Apr 5 06:27 /home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb_1122.ds0 -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 28834840 Apr 5 06:27 /home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb_1122.ds1 -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 16039936 Apr 5 06:27 /home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb_1122.log0 -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 67108864 Apr 5 06:21 /home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb_1122.res0 -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 67108864 Apr 5 06:21 /home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb_1122.res1 -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 67108864 Apr 5 06:21 /home/oracle/TimesTen/tt1122/info/DemoDataStore/sampledb_1122.res2 

使用流式全备份和恢复

流式备份的特点是输出到stdout，因此可以定向到文件或磁带等，或在线压缩如：
ttbackup -type streamfull sampledb_1122|gzip > sampledb1122.ttb.gz
gunzip -c sampledb1122.ttb.gz | ttrestore -i sampledb1122

$ ttbackup -type streamfull sampledb_1122 > sampledb_1122.ttb
Backup started ...
Backup complete
$ ll sampledb_1122.ttb
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oracle 44842736 Apr  5 06:18 sampledb_1122.ttb
$ ttdestroy sampledb_1122
$ ttrestore -i sampledb_1122 < ./sampledb_1122.ttb 
Restore started ...
Restore complete
$ ttisql -v1 sampledb_1122
Command> select * from test;
< 1, 2016-04-05 05:35:53.000000 >

增量备份和恢复

ttbulkcp结合ttschema进行逻辑备份和恢复

ttbulkcp可以将表中的数据导出成ASCII文件，反向亦可。
但每次只能导出一个表，如果批量导需要自己写批处理文件，如下面示意：

$ ttisql -v1 -e "tables;exit" plsqldb|while read tab; do
> echo ttbulkcp $tab
> done;
ttbulkcp ORACLE.COUNTRIES
ttbulkcp ORACLE.DEPARTMENTS
ttbulkcp ORACLE.EMPLOYEES
ttbulkcp ORACLE.JOBS
ttbulkcp ORACLE.JOB_HISTORY
ttbulkcp ORACLE.LOCATIONS
ttbulkcp ORACLE.REGIONS
ttbulkcp ORACLE.T1
ttbulkcp ORACLE.TT_TEST

导出：

$ ttbulkcp -o plsqldb employees employees.dump107/107 rows copied
$ more employees.dump
##ttBulkCp:DATEMODE=TIMESTAMP
#
# ORACLE.EMPLOYEES, 11 columns, dumped Tue Apr 5 18:35:46 2016
# columns:
# 1. EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER(6)
# 2. FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
# 3. LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(25 BYTE)
# 4. EMAIL VARCHAR2(25 BYTE)
# 5. PHONE_NUMBER VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
# 6. HIRE_DATE DATE
# 7. JOB_ID VARCHAR2(10 BYTE)
# 8. SALARY NUMBER(8,2)
# 9. COMMISSION_PCT NUMBER(2,2)
# 10. MANAGER_ID NUMBER(6)
# 11. DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(4)
# end
#

100,"Steven","King","SKING","515.123.4567",1987-06-17 00:00:00,"AD_PRES",24000,N
ULL,NULL,90
101,"Neena","Kochhar","NKOCHHAR","515.123.4568",1989-09-21 00:00:00,"AD_VP",1700
0,NULL,100,90

导入：

$ ttbulkcp -i -connstr "dsn=sampledb_1122;uid=tthr" employees employees.dump 
Enter password for 'tthr': 
ttBulkCp: Error received while retrieving information about table employees -- Table not found.

由于目标库的表结构还不存在，这时我们可以用ttschema导出表定义

$ ttschema plsqldb oracle.employees > employees.sql
Warning: objects may not be printed in an order that can satisfy foreign key reference constraints or other dependencies
$ cat employees.sql
-- Database is in Oracle type mode
Warning: objects may not be printed in an order that can satisfy foreign key reference constraints or other dependencies
create table "ORACLE".EMPLOYEES (
        EMPLOYEE_ID    NUMBER(6) NOT NULL,
        FIRST_NAME     VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) INLINE,
        LAST_NAME      VARCHAR2(25 BYTE) INLINE NOT NULL,
        EMAIL          VARCHAR2(25 BYTE) INLINE NOT NULL UNIQUE,
        PHONE_NUMBER   VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) INLINE,
        HIRE_DATE      DATE NOT NULL,
        JOB_ID         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) INLINE NOT NULL,
        SALARY         NUMBER(8,2),
        COMMISSION_PCT NUMBER(2,2),
        MANAGER_ID     NUMBER(6),
        DEPARTMENT_ID  NUMBER(4),
    primary key (EMPLOYEE_ID)
    );

    create index "ORACLE".EMP_MANAGER_IX on "ORACLE".EMPLOYEES (MANAGER_ID);

    create index "ORACLE".EMP_NAME_IX on "ORACLE".EMPLOYEES
        (LAST_NAME, FIRST_NAME);

不过我们看到ttschema导出的文件中包含了用户名，如果需要在另一个用户如tthr的schema下建表，则需要使用vi替换一下
(1,$ s/ORACLE/TTHR/g)
$ ttisql -connstr "dsn=sampledb_1122;uid=tthr;pwd=tthr" -f employees.sql 
$ ttbulkcp -i -connstr "dsn=sampledb_1122;uid=tthr" employees employees.dump 
Enter password for 'tthr': 

employees.dump:
    107 rows inserted
    107 rows total

ttmigrate迁移

参考：
* Oracle® TimesTen In-Memory Database Reference 11g Release 2 (11.2.2)
* HOWTO : Understand What Database Backup And Restore Options Exist For TimesTen (Doc ID 1529563.1)
* HOWTO : Create And Restore From A Single File Backup Using TimesTen ttBackup And ttRestore (Doc ID 1275557.1)
* TimesTen ttbackup FAQ (Doc ID 1617547.1)
* HOWTO : Understand Moving or Copying A TimesTen Database Using Backup Utilities (Doc ID 974583.1)
* Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2.2) | 2 Migration, Backup, and Restoration