RedHat Enterprise Linux6.4 使用CentOS yum源
[admin@server1 ~]$ uname -a Linux server1 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
在使用redhat linux的yum来安装或者更新软件的时候会提示
[admin@server1 ~]$ sudo yum install gcc Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process No package gcc available. Error: Nothing to do
[注]请以root身份操作
由于 redhat的yum在线更新是收费的，如果没有注册的话不能使用，如果要使用，需将redhat的yum卸载后，重启安装，再配置其他源解决办法：
1、首先到http://mirrors.163.com/centos下载软件包
x86 地址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/
x86_64 地址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/
必要下载的软件包有（以64位系统为例）：
1> python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
2> yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
3> yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
4> yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
下载命令：
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
[注] :版本不一定要最新的(http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/ 查找对应版本)
2、卸载RedHat自带的yum
rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
注：1> xargs是一条Unix和类Unix操作系统的常用命令。它的作用是将参数列表转换成小块分段传递给其他命令，以避免参数列表过长的问题
2> --nodeps 强制卸载,不管依赖性
3、安装下载的centos的yum包：
rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
[注] :最后2个需要一起安装，否则会出现依赖性错误
4、到http://mirrors.163.com的 centos帮助文档 中下载CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件，存放到/etc/yum.repo.d中
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
5、编辑CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件，将其中的$releasever更改为centos的版本号
下面是修改好的：
# CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-6.5 - Base - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=os gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-6.5 - Updates - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/updates/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=updates gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-6.5 - Extras - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/extras/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=extras gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-6.5 - Plus - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/centosplus/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-6.5 - Contrib - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/contrib/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
6、yum clean all 清除原有缓存
7、yum makecache 获取yum列表
出现下面提示，表示yum更改完成：
Metadata Cache Created
脚本：
#!/bin/bash
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH
# Check if user is root
if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]; then
echo "Error: You must be root to run this script"
exit 1
fi
clear
echo "========================================================================="
echo "Replace Redhat Enterprise Yum to CentOS Yum and Repos, Written by Licess"
echo "========================================================================="
# uninstall rhel yum
echo "Uninstall Rhel Yum......"
rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
# delete old rpm
echo "Clean old cache......"
rm -rf python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
rm -rf yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
rm -rf yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
rm -rf yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
# download CentOS Yum
echo "Download Python-iniparse......"
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... -2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
echo "Download yum-metadata-parse......"
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... 2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
echo "Download yum......"
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... 6.centos.noarch.rpm
echo "Download yum fastmirror......"
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... 0-14.el6.noarch.rpm
# install CentOS Yum
echo "Installing......"
rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
# replace repos
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
echo "[base]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/updates/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/extras/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/centosplus/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/contrib/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
#####
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum update
echo "=========================================================================="
echo "You have successfully replace RedhatEnterprise Yum to CentOS yum and repos"
echo "=========================================================================="