数组的协变性(covariant)是指:
如果类Base是类Sub的基类,那么Base[]就是Sub[]的基类。
/*
* 数组类型的兼容性
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]){
Person per[]=new Employee[5];
per[0]=new Student();
((Student) per[0]).print();
}
}
class Person{
}
class Employee extends Person{
public void printt(){
System.out.println("i am employee");
}
}
运行结果:Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayStoreException: Student
at Test.main(Test.java:7)
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数组和集合都有协变形,但是反省没有
示例:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/*
* java中集合是否有协变形测试
*
*/
public class BaseTest {
public static void main(String args[]){
/*
* 泛型,集合泛型都不具有协变形的
*/
TotalArea ta=new TotalArea();
List<Circle> u=new ArrayList<Circle>();
u.add(new Circle(3));
Shap[] x=new Shap[1];
x[1]=new Circle(3);
//集合有协变形
System.out.println(ta.getTotal(x));
//泛型没有,这儿会提示报错。
System.out.println(ta.getTotalArea(u));
}
}
class TotalArea{
public float getTotalArea(List<Shap> u){
float t=0;
for(Shap e: u)
t=((Shap) e).getArea()+t;
return t;
}
public float getTotal(Shap[] x){
float t=0;
for(Shap e: x)
t=((Shap) e).getArea()+t;
return t;
}
}
class Shap{
public float getArea(){
return 1;
}
}
class Circle extends Shap{
private int r;
Circle(int r){
this.r=r;
}
public float getArea(){
return (float) (3.14*r*r);
}
}
class SanJiao extends Shap{
private int l;
private int h;
SanJiao(int l,int h){
this.l=l;
this.h=h;
}
public float getArea(){
return (float) (h*l/2);
}
}