我们在与服务器交互的时候有时候要传递某些参数,比如用户名、密码等等,那这些重要的隐私信息有可能会被拦截,所以在发送给服务器过程前我们要加一次密文。本篇介绍MD5,主要是MessageDigest的使用,Base64加密算法参见之前的博客:http://blog.csdn.net/luzhenyuxfcy/article/details/48374395
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; public class MD5Encode { public static String md5(String string) { byte[] hash; try { hash = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest(string.getBytes("UTF-8")); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Huh, MD5 should be supported?", e); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Huh, UTF-8 should be supported?", e); } StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(hash.length * 2); for (byte b : hash) { if ((b & 0xFF) < 0x10) hex.append("0"); hex.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF)); } return hex.toString(); } }
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.FileChannel; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; public class MD5Util { /** * 默认的密码字符串组合,用来将字节转换成 16 进制表示的字符,apache校验下载的文件的正确性用的就是默认的这个组合 */ protected static char hexDigits[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' }; protected static MessageDigest messagedigest = null; static { try { messagedigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsaex) { System.err.println(MD5Util.class.getName() + "初始化失败,MessageDigest不支持MD5Util。"); nsaex.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 生成字符串的md5校验值 * * @param s * @return */ public static String getMD5String(String s) { return getMD5String(s.getBytes()); } /** * 判断字符串的md5校验码是否与一个已知的md5码相匹配 * * @param password 要校验的字符串 * @param md5PwdStr 已知的md5校验码 * @return */ public static boolean checkPassword(String password, String md5PwdStr) { String s = getMD5String(password); return s.equals(md5PwdStr); } /** * 生成文件的md5校验值 * * @param file * @return * @throws IOException */ public static String getFileMD5String(File file) throws IOException { InputStream fis; fis = new FileInputStream(file); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int numRead = 0; while ((numRead = fis.read(buffer)) > 0) { messagedigest.update(buffer, 0, numRead); } fis.close(); return bufferToHex(messagedigest.digest()); } /** * JDK1.4中不支持以MappedByteBuffer类型为参数update方法,并且网上有讨论要慎用MappedByteBuffer, * 原因是当使用 FileChannel.map 方法时,MappedByteBuffer 已经在系统内占用了一个句柄, * 而使用 FileChannel.close 方法是无法释放这个句柄的,且FileChannel有没有提供类似 unmap 的方法, * 因此会出现无法删除文件的情况。 * * 不推荐使用 * * @param file * @return * @throws IOException */ public static String getFileMD5String_old(File file) throws IOException { FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file); FileChannel ch = in.getChannel(); MappedByteBuffer byteBuffer = ch.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, file.length()); messagedigest.update(byteBuffer); return bufferToHex(messagedigest.digest()); } public static String getMD5String(byte[] bytes) { messagedigest.update(bytes); return bufferToHex(messagedigest.digest()); } private static String bufferToHex(byte bytes[]) { return bufferToHex(bytes, 0, bytes.length); } private static String bufferToHex(byte bytes[], int m, int n) { StringBuffer stringbuffer = new StringBuffer(2 * n); int k = m + n; for (int l = m; l < k; l++) { appendHexPair(bytes[l], stringbuffer); } return stringbuffer.toString(); } private static void appendHexPair(byte bt, StringBuffer stringbuffer) { char c0 = hexDigits[(bt & 0xf0) >> 4];// 取字节中高 4 位的数字转换, >>> 为逻辑右移,将符号位一起右移,此处未发现两种符号有何不同 char c1 = hexDigits[bt & 0xf];// 取字节中低 4 位的数字转换 stringbuffer.append(c0); stringbuffer.append(c1); } }
/******************************************************************************* * MD5_SRC 类实现了RSA Data Security, Inc.在提交给IETF的RFC1321中的MD5_SRC message-digest * 算法。 ******************************************************************************/ public class MD5_SRC { /* * 下面这些S11-S44实际上是一个4*4的矩阵,在原始的C实现中是用#define 实现的, 这里把它们实现成为static * final是表示了只读,且能在同一个进程空间内的多个 Instance间共享 */ static final int S11 = 7; static final int S12 = 12; static final int S13 = 17; static final int S14 = 22; static final int S21 = 5; static final int S22 = 9; static final int S23 = 14; static final int S24 = 20; static final int S31 = 4; static final int S32 = 11; static final int S33 = 16; static final int S34 = 23; static final int S41 = 6; static final int S42 = 10; static final int S43 = 15; static final int S44 = 21; static final byte[] PADDING = { -128, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* * 下面的三个成员是keyBean计算过程中用到的3个核心数据,在原始的C实现中 被定义到keyBean_CTX结构中 */ private long[] state = new long[4]; // state (ABCD) private long[] count = new long[2]; // number of bits, modulo 2^64 (lsb first) private byte[] buffer = new byte[64]; // input buffer /* * digestHexStr是keyBean的唯一一个公共成员,是最新一次计算结果的 16进制ASCII表示. */ public String digestHexStr; /* * digest,是最新一次计算结果的2进制内部表示,表示128bit的keyBean值. */ private byte[] digest = new byte[16]; /* * getkeyBeanofStr是类keyBean最主要的公共方法,入口参数是你想要进行keyBean变换的字符串 * 返回的是变换完的结果,这个结果是从公共成员digestHexStr取得的. */ public String getkeyBeanofStr(String inbuf) { keyBeanInit(); keyBeanUpdate(inbuf.getBytes(), inbuf.length()); keyBeanFinal(); digestHexStr = ""; for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { digestHexStr += byteHEX(digest[i]); } return digestHexStr; } // 这是keyBean这个类的标准构造函数,JavaBean要求有一个public的并且没有参数的构造函数 public MD5_SRC() { keyBeanInit(); return; } /* keyBeanInit是一个初始化函数,初始化核心变量,装入标准的幻数 */ private void keyBeanInit() { count[0] = 0L; count[1] = 0L; // /* Load magic initialization constants. state[0] = 0x67452301L; state[1] = 0xefcdab89L; state[2] = 0x98badcfeL; state[3] = 0x10325476L; return; } /* * F, G, H ,I 是4个基本的keyBean函数,在原始的keyBean的C实现中,由于它们是 * 简单的位运算,可能出于效率的考虑把它们实现成了宏,在java中,我们把它们 实现成了private方法,名字保持了原来C中的。 */ private long F(long x, long y, long z) { return (x & y) | ((~x) & z); } private long G(long x, long y, long z) { return (x & z) | (y & (~z)); } private long H(long x, long y, long z) { return x ^ y ^ z; } private long I(long x, long y, long z) { return y ^ (x | (~z)); } /* * FF,GG,HH和II将调用F,G,H,I进行近一步变换 FF, GG, HH, and II transformations for * rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4. Rotation is separate from addition to prevent * recomputation. */ private long FF(long a, long b, long c, long d, long x, long s, long ac) { a += F(b, c, d) + x + ac; a = ((int) a << s) | ((int) a >>> (32 - s)); a += b; return a; } private long GG(long a, long b, long c, long d, long x, long s, long ac) { a += G(b, c, d) + x + ac; a = ((int) a << s) | ((int) a >>> (32 - s)); a += b; return a; } private long HH(long a, long b, long c, long d, long x, long s, long ac) { a += H(b, c, d) + x + ac; a = ((int) a << s) | ((int) a >>> (32 - s)); a += b; return a; } private long II(long a, long b, long c, long d, long x, long s, long ac) { a += I(b, c, d) + x + ac; a = ((int) a << s) | ((int) a >>> (32 - s)); a += b; return a; } /* * keyBeanUpdate是keyBean的主计算过程,inbuf是要变换的字节串,inputlen是长度,这个 * 函数由getkeyBeanofStr调用,调用之前需要调用keyBeaninit,因此把它设计成private的 */ private void keyBeanUpdate(byte[] inbuf, int inputLen) { int i, index, partLen; byte[] block = new byte[64]; index = (int) (count[0] >>> 3) & 0x3F; // /* Update number of bits */ if ((count[0] += (inputLen << 3)) < (inputLen << 3)) count[1]++; count[1] += (inputLen >>> 29); partLen = 64 - index; // Transform as many times as possible. if (inputLen >= partLen) { keyBeanMemcpy(buffer, inbuf, index, 0, partLen); keyBeanTransform(buffer); for (i = partLen; i + 63 < inputLen; i += 64) { keyBeanMemcpy(block, inbuf, 0, i, 64); keyBeanTransform(block); } index = 0; } else i = 0; // /* Buffer remaining input */ keyBeanMemcpy(buffer, inbuf, index, i, inputLen - i); } /* * keyBeanFinal整理和填写输出结果 */ private void keyBeanFinal() { byte[] bits = new byte[8]; int index, padLen; // /* Save number of bits */ Encode(bits, count, 8); // /* Pad out to 56 mod 64. index = (int) (count[0] >>> 3) & 0x3f; padLen = (index < 56) ? (56 - index) : (120 - index); keyBeanUpdate(PADDING, padLen); // /* Append length (before padding) */ keyBeanUpdate(bits, 8); // /* Store state in digest */ Encode(digest, state, 16); } /* * keyBeanMemcpy是一个内部使用的byte数组的块拷贝函数,从input的inpos开始把len长度的 * 字节拷贝到output的outpos位置开始 */ private void keyBeanMemcpy(byte[] output, byte[] input, int outpos, int inpos, int len) { int i; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) output[outpos + i] = input[inpos + i]; } /* * keyBeanTransform是keyBean核心变换程序,由keyBeanUpdate调用,block是分块的原始字节 */ private void keyBeanTransform(byte block[]) { long a = state[0], b = state[1], c = state[2], d = state[3]; long[] x = new long[16]; Decode(x, block, 64); /* Round 1 */ a = FF(a, b, c, d, x[0], S11, 0xd76aa478L); /* 1 */ d = FF(d, a, b, c, x[1], S12, 0xe8c7b756L); /* 2 */ c = FF(c, d, a, b, x[2], S13, 0x242070dbL); /* 3 */ b = FF(b, c, d, a, x[3], S14, 0xc1bdceeeL); /* 4 */ a = FF(a, b, c, d, x[4], S11, 0xf57c0fafL); /* 5 */ d = FF(d, a, b, c, x[5], S12, 0x4787c62aL); /* 6 */ c = FF(c, d, a, b, x[6], S13, 0xa8304613L); /* 7 */ b = FF(b, c, d, a, x[7], S14, 0xfd469501L); /* 8 */ a = FF(a, b, c, d, x[8], S11, 0x698098d8L); /* 9 */ d = FF(d, a, b, c, x[9], S12, 0x8b44f7afL); /* 10 */ c = FF(c, d, a, b, x[10], S13, 0xffff5bb1L); /* 11 */ b = FF(b, c, d, a, x[11], S14, 0x895cd7beL); /* 12 */ a = FF(a, b, c, d, x[12], S11, 0x6b901122L); /* 13 */ d = FF(d, a, b, c, x[13], S12, 0xfd987193L); /* 14 */ c = FF(c, d, a, b, x[14], S13, 0xa679438eL); /* 15 */ b = FF(b, c, d, a, x[15], S14, 0x49b40821L); /* 16 */ /* Round 2 */ a = GG(a, b, c, d, x[1], S21, 0xf61e2562L); /* 17 */ d = GG(d, a, b, c, x[6], S22, 0xc040b340L); /* 18 */ c = GG(c, d, a, b, x[11], S23, 0x265e5a51L); /* 19 */ b = GG(b, c, d, a, x[0], S24, 0xe9b6c7aaL); /* 20 */ a = GG(a, b, c, d, x[5], S21, 0xd62f105dL); /* 21 */ d = GG(d, a, b, c, x[10], S22, 0x2441453L); /* 22 */ c = GG(c, d, a, b, x[15], S23, 0xd8a1e681L); /* 23 */ b = GG(b, c, d, a, x[4], S24, 0xe7d3fbc8L); /* 24 */ a = GG(a, b, c, d, x[9], S21, 0x21e1cde6L); /* 25 */ d = GG(d, a, b, c, x[14], S22, 0xc33707d6L); /* 26 */ c = GG(c, d, a, b, x[3], S23, 0xf4d50d87L); /* 27 */ b = GG(b, c, d, a, x[8], S24, 0x455a14edL); /* 28 */ a = GG(a, b, c, d, x[13], S21, 0xa9e3e905L); /* 29 */ d = GG(d, a, b, c, x[2], S22, 0xfcefa3f8L); /* 30 */ c = GG(c, d, a, b, x[7], S23, 0x676f02d9L); /* 31 */ b = GG(b, c, d, a, x[12], S24, 0x8d2a4c8aL); /* 32 */ /* Round 3 */ a = HH(a, b, c, d, x[5], S31, 0xfffa3942L); /* 33 */ d = HH(d, a, b, c, x[8], S32, 0x8771f681L); /* 34 */ c = HH(c, d, a, b, x[11], S33, 0x6d9d6122L); /* 35 */ b = HH(b, c, d, a, x[14], S34, 0xfde5380cL); /* 36 */ a = HH(a, b, c, d, x[1], S31, 0xa4beea44L); /* 37 */ d = HH(d, a, b, c, x[4], S32, 0x4bdecfa9L); /* 38 */ c = HH(c, d, a, b, x[7], S33, 0xf6bb4b60L); /* 39 */ b = HH(b, c, d, a, x[10], S34, 0xbebfbc70L); /* 40 */ a = HH(a, b, c, d, x[13], S31, 0x289b7ec6L); /* 41 */ d = HH(d, a, b, c, x[0], S32, 0xeaa127faL); /* 42 */ c = HH(c, d, a, b, x[3], S33, 0xd4ef3085L); /* 43 */ b = HH(b, c, d, a, x[6], S34, 0x4881d05L); /* 44 */ a = HH(a, b, c, d, x[9], S31, 0xd9d4d039L); /* 45 */ d = HH(d, a, b, c, x[12], S32, 0xe6db99e5L); /* 46 */ c = HH(c, d, a, b, x[15], S33, 0x1fa27cf8L); /* 47 */ b = HH(b, c, d, a, x[2], S34, 0xc4ac5665L); /* 48 */ /* Round 4 */ a = II(a, b, c, d, x[0], S41, 0xf4292244L); /* 49 */ d = II(d, a, b, c, x[7], S42, 0x432aff97L); /* 50 */ c = II(c, d, a, b, x[14], S43, 0xab9423a7L); /* 51 */ b = II(b, c, d, a, x[5], S44, 0xfc93a039L); /* 52 */ a = II(a, b, c, d, x[12], S41, 0x655b59c3L); /* 53 */ d = II(d, a, b, c, x[3], S42, 0x8f0ccc92L); /* 54 */ c = II(c, d, a, b, x[10], S43, 0xffeff47dL); /* 55 */ b = II(b, c, d, a, x[1], S44, 0x85845dd1L); /* 56 */ a = II(a, b, c, d, x[8], S41, 0x6fa87e4fL); /* 57 */ d = II(d, a, b, c, x[15], S42, 0xfe2ce6e0L); /* 58 */ c = II(c, d, a, b, x[6], S43, 0xa3014314L); /* 59 */ b = II(b, c, d, a, x[13], S44, 0x4e0811a1L); /* 60 */ a = II(a, b, c, d, x[4], S41, 0xf7537e82L); /* 61 */ d = II(d, a, b, c, x[11], S42, 0xbd3af235L); /* 62 */ c = II(c, d, a, b, x[2], S43, 0x2ad7d2bbL); /* 63 */ b = II(b, c, d, a, x[9], S44, 0xeb86d391L); /* 64 */ state[0] += a; state[1] += b; state[2] += c; state[3] += d; } /* * Encode把long数组按顺序拆成byte数组,因为java的long类型是64bit的,只拆低32bit,以适应原始C实现的用途 */ private void Encode(byte[] output, long[] input, int len) { int i, j; for (i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i++, j += 4) { output[j] = (byte) (input[i] & 0xffL); output[j + 1] = (byte) ((input[i] >>> 8) & 0xffL); output[j + 2] = (byte) ((input[i] >>> 16) & 0xffL); output[j + 3] = (byte) ((input[i] >>> 24) & 0xffL); } } /* * Decode把byte数组按顺序合成成long数组,因为java的long类型是64bit的, * 只合成低32bit,高32bit清零,以适应原始C实现的用途 */ private void Decode(long[] output, byte[] input, int len) { int i, j; for (i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i++, j += 4) output[i] = b2iu(input[j]) | (b2iu(input[j + 1]) << 8) | (b2iu(input[j + 2]) << 16) | (b2iu(input[j + 3]) << 24); return; } /* * b2iu是我写的一个把byte按照不考虑正负号的原则的”升位”程序,因为java没有unsigned运算 */ public static long b2iu(byte b) { return b < 0 ? b & 0x7F + 128 : b; } /* * byteHEX(),用来把一个byte类型的数转换成十六进制的ASCII表示, * 因为java中的byte的toString无法实现这一点,我们又没有C语言中的 sprintf(outbuf,"%02X",ib) */ public static String byteHEX(byte ib) { char[] Digit = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' }; char[] ob = new char[2]; ob[0] = Digit[(ib >>> 4) & 0X0F]; ob[1] = Digit[ib & 0X0F]; String s = new String(ob); return s; } }
封装一个通用的方式:
/** * 将摘要信息转换成MD5编码 * @param message 摘要信息 * @return MD5编码之后的字符串 */ public String md5Encode(String message){ return Encode("MD5",message); } /** * 将摘要信息转换成SHA编码 * @param message 摘要信息 * @return SHA编码之后的字符串 */ public String shaEncode(String message){ return Encode("SHA",message); } /** * 将摘要信息转换成SHA-256编码 * @param message 摘要信息 * @return SHA-256编码之后的字符串 */ public String sha256Encode(String message){ return Encode("SHA-256",message); } /** * 将摘要信息转换成SHA-512编码 * @param message 摘要信息 * @return SHA-512编码之后的字符串 */ public String sha512Encode(String message){ return Encode("SHA-512",message); } /** * 将摘要信息转换为相应的编码 * @param code 编码类型 * @param message 摘要信息 * @return 相应的编码字符串 */ private String Encode(String code,String message){ MessageDigest md; String encode = null; try { md = MessageDigest.getInstance(code); encode = byteArrayToHexString(md.digest(message .getBytes())); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return encode; }