PHP基本语法快速入门：
PHP基础文法 快速入门：
Grammar list of Perl and Ruby was so very well organized, I tried to do any PHP Taking advantage of.
- The Perl with Perl Beginner to Beginner to sample code - Perl basic grammar fastest master
- Route 477 - Ruby basic grammar fastest master
I think people who know something about other languages can understand somehow the PHP syntax If you are reading this.
Please tell us mistake, if any shortage etc. m (__) m
Version
PHP5.3 system has been released, but is intended for PHP5.2 system here.
1. Basis
Code block
PHP code begins with the start tag of "<? Php". End tag is "?>". Use the end tag when you fill the PHP code in HTML, omitting the end tag has become a convention when writing the only PHP code as a library.
It had positive commentary on Kiske's: id reason for omitting the end tag. Thank you.
Supplement of PHP basic grammar fastest master - Absolute Playing!
[PHP] $ I = 1; hoge ($ I); ?> [/ PHP] [PHP] hoge (); [/ PHP]
print statement
I use the print / echo.
[PHP]
"! Hello World" Print;
"! Hello World" echo;
[/PHP]
I often use var_dump () to debug. contents of the variable in var_dump () is output.
[PHP]
$ array = array (1,2,3);
var_dump ($ array);
array (3) {
[0] =>
int (1)
[1] =>
int (2)
[2] =>
int (3)
}
[/PHP]
Comment
Line Comments
[PHP]
/ / comment
# comment
[/php]
Multi-line comments
[PHP]
/ *
comment
comment
* /
[/PHP]
Variable declarations
It is a declaration of the variable.
[PHP]
$ a = 'string';
$ I = 1;
[/PHP]
Execution of the script
I run a PHP file on the command line.
$ php hoge.php
You can also write directly to the PHP code. <? Php?> Is not required.
$ php-r "var_dump ('a');"
Use the redirect to write the output to a file results.
$ php hoge.php> out
Grammar check of the script
I can check grammar in php command.
$ php -l hoge.php
2. Numerical
Representation of the number
There integer, floating-point to a number.
[PHP]
$ int = 100;
$ float = 100.123;
[/PHP]
Four arithmetic operations
[PHP]
$ I = 1 + 1;
$ I = 1 - 1;
$ I = 1 * 1;
$ I = 1/2;
[/PHP]
Quotient and remainder. Remove the integer part in the intval function after performing the division of normal order to obtain the quotient.
[PHP]
$ div = intval (3/2); / / quotient
$ mod = 3% 2; remainder / /
[/ PHP]
Increment and decrement
[PHP]
$ I + +; / / increment
$ i -; / / decrement
[/php]
3. String
String representation
I must be enclosed in either single or double quotes is a string. You can use special characters, and \ n (tab), such as (newline) \ t is in double quotes. In addition, it can be variable expansion within a character string enclosed in double quotes.
[PHP]
(\ t tabs [0x09]) / / abc cde; $ str1 = "abc \ Tcde"
$ str2 = 'abc \ Tcde'; (string \ t) / / abc \ tcde
$ Str3 = "$ str1 100" / / abc cde 100 / / $ str1 are deployed
when the string leads to a variable name enclosed in {} $ STR4 = "{$ str1} 100" / /
[/PHP]
String operation
[PHP]
/ / join
$ Join1 = 'aaa' 'BBB';.
$ Join2 = Implode (',', array ('aaa', 'BBB', 'ccc'));
/ / Split
$ split = explode (',', 'aaa, bbb, ccc');
/ / Length
('abcdef') $ length = strlen;
/ / (multi-byte) length
setting of / / internal encoding is necessary
/ / mb_internal_encoding ('UTF-8');
('tails ABC') $ mb_length = mb_strlen ;
/ / Cut
$ substr = substr ('abcd', 0, 2); / / ab
/ / Search
$ index = strpos ('abcd', 'bc'); / / Once you have located the position return false if you do not find (the first is 0),
[/PHP]
4. Array, associative array
There are only associative array with PHP. Array is represented as an associative array of numbers is key. I also have the order.
[PHP]
$ array1 = array (1, 2, 3); (associative array key starts from 0) / / array
$ array2 = array ('a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' = > 3); / / associative array
(1, 'a' => 1, 2) $ array3 = array; / / mixed also OK
[/PHP]
Assignment of a reference element
[php]
$i = $array1[0];
$s = $array2['a'];
[/php]
[php]
$array1[3] = 1;
$array2['z'] = 'zzz';
[/php]
The number of elements
[PHP]
$ len = count ($ array1);
[/PHP]
Operation of the array
[PHP]
$ array = array (1, 2, 3);
retrieve the / / top
/ / $ first = 1 / $ array is, (2, 3); ($ array) $ first = array_shift
added to the / / top
array_unshift ($ array, 5); / / $ array is, (5, 2, 3)
to remove the / / end
$ last = array_pop ($ array); the array, / / $ last = 3 / $ (5, 2 )
Add to / / the end
array_push ($ array, 9); / / $ array is, (5, 2, 9)
[/PHP]
The function of associative array
[php]
/ / obtain key
$ keys = array_keys ($ array);
/ / obtain value
$ values = array_values ($ array);
presence confirmation of / / key
$ boolean = array_key_exists ('key', $ array);
/ / Delete the key
unset ($ array ['key']);
[/PHP]
6. Control statement
if statement
[PHP]
if (condition) {
}
[/PHP]
Notation such as the following will also be used when you described in HTML.
[PHP] hoge [/PHP]
if ~ else statement
[PHP]
if (condition) {
} else {
}
[/PHP]
Notation such as the following will also be used when you described in HTML.
[PHP] hoge foo [/ PHP]
if ~ else if statement
elseif or else if is possible.
[PHP]
if (condition) {
} else {if
}
[/PHP]
Notation such as the following will also be used when you described in HTML.
[PHP] hoge foo [/PHP]
while statement
[PHP]
$ I = 0;
while ($ I <5) {
/ / process
$ I + +;
}
[/PHP]
Notation such as the following will also be used when you described in HTML.
[PHP] [/PHP]
for statement
[PHP]
for ($ I = 0; $ I <5; $ I + +) {
}
[/PHP]
Notation such as the following will also be used when you described in HTML.
[PHP] [/PHP]
foreach statement
I can handle each element of the associative array.
[PHP]
($ array as $ v) {foreach
value of the element / / $ v
}
{foreach ($ array as $ k => $ v)
The key of the element, $ v is the value of the element / / $ k
}
[/php]
Notation such as the following will also be used when you described in HTML.
[PHP] [/PHP]
7. Subroutine (function)
There is a function with PHP. You can use the return to return the return value.
[PHP]
function sum ($ v1, $ v2) {
Return $ v1 + $ v2;
}
$ Total = sum (1, 2); / / $ Total = 3
/ / You can also return multiple values in an array
function Get_multi ($ v1, $ v2) {
$ v1 + = 100;
$ v2 + = 200;
Return array ($ v1, $ v2);
}
list ($ RET1, $ ret2) Get_multi = (1, 2); / / $ RET1 = 101/202 = $ ret2
[/PHP]
8. Input and output files
There are several ways to file input and output.
fopen function
Make the input and output files using the file pointer.
[PHP]
/ / read
$ fp = fopen ("/ path / to / File", "r");
if (! is_resource ($ fp)) {
Die ("Can not Open File");
}
while (feof ($ fp)!) {
$ line = fgets ($ fp, 4096);
something / / processing
}
fclose ($ fp);
/ / Write
$ fp = fopen ("/ path / to / File", "w");
if (! is_resource ($ fp)) {
Die ("Can not Open File");
}
fputs ($ fp, $ buff);
fclose ($ fp);
[/php]
file function
It is stored in the array reads the entire file.
[PHP]
$ list = File ("/ path / to / File"); acquisition is an associative array of each line of the file / /
[/php]
file_get_contents function / file_put_contents function
and then stored as a string by reading the entire file file_get_contents function. file_put_contents function writes to the file all the value of a variable.
[PHP]
/ / read
to get the contents of the / / file; ("/ path / to / file") $ contents = file_get_contents
/ / Write
("/ path / to / file", $ buff) file_put_contents; / / to file write the contents of the $ buff
[/PHP]
You should know is good grammar
Truth-value
In the following cases: in PHP, they are determined to be false.
- boolean FALSE
- 0 (zero) of integer
- 0.0 (zero) of float
- "0" of string and an empty string,
- Array number of elements is zero
- Number of objects in the member variable is zero (only PHP 4)
- (Including a variable whose value has not been set) special value NULL
- SimpleXML objects created from empty tags
== And ===
== /! = In comparison operators such as, automatic conversion of numeric, string is performed. It may lead to results thus not intended.
[PHP]
var_dump (1 == 1); / / true
var_dump (1 == '1 '); / / true
var_dump (0 == 'a'); / / true
var_dump (100 '100A == '); / / true
var_dump ('+1' == '1 .0'); / / true
[/PHP]
In these cases, it is possible to compare exactly also the type of the variable === /! With ==.
[PHP]
var_dump (1 === 1); / / true
var_dump (1 === '1 '); / / false
var_dump (0 === '0 '); / / false
var_dump (100 === ' 100a '); / / false
var_dump ('+1' === '1 .0'); / / false
[/PHP]
Whether a variable is defined
You can use the isset function to find out whether a variable is defined. True is returned if it is defined. However, the value of the variable is returned is false can be NULL in the isset function.
[PHP]
isset ($ a);
[/PHP]
Command line arguments
You can use the $ argv variable to receive the command-line arguments.
[PHP]
var_dump ($ argv);
[/PHP]
array_map
You can use the array_map function, you can receive as a new associative array with the process to each element of the associative array.
[PHP]
$ array = array (1,2,3);
$ mapped = array_map (create_function ('$ v', 'Return $ v * = 10;'), $ array);
[/PHP]
array_filter
You can use the array_filter function, you can receive as a new associative array only the elements that match the conditions.
[PHP]
$ array = array (1,2,3,4);
$ filtered = array_filter ($ array, create_function ('$ v', 'Return ($ v> 2);');
[/PHP]
Assignment to multiple variables
[PHP]
list ($ v1, $ v2, $ v3) = array (1, 2, 3);
[/PHP]
php.ini
There is a configuration file with PHP. It is important to note behavior will change depending on the setting. In addition to the configuration file called php.ini, this setting can be set in the source code httpd.conf, and. Htaccess,.
The setting method will vary depending on the item, but you can use the () ini_set is often when setting in the source code.
[PHP]
('include_path', '. :/ path / to / libs') ini_set; to / / include_path setting the '. :/ path / to / libs'
[/PHP]
The current settings, I can check the php phpinfo command or function.
[PHP]
phpinfo ();
[/PHP]
# Output the setting value of all $ Php-i # I squeeze in grep $ Php-i | grep include_path
Class definition
I can define a class in the class.
[PHP]
class User {
protected $ name = null;
public function __ construct ($ name) {
$ this-> name = $ name;
}
public function hello () {
printf ("!% s: Hello \ N", $ this-> name);
}
}
$ User = NEW User ('Mike');
$ user-> hello ();
[/PHP]
I can also be inherited. You can only single inheritance.
[PHP]
class MyUser extends User {
}
[/PHP]
Exception
You can throw an exception throw. I will catch an exception in a try / catch. There is no equivalent to the finally in the other languages.
[PHP]
function foo () {
throw NEW Exception ();
}
TRY {
foo ();
} catch (Exception $ e) {
echo $ e-> GetTraceAsString ();
}
[/PHP]
PHP reference
Official Manual
For PHP books have been published many, but most would be helpful after all is the official manual.
PHP: PHP Manual - Manual
The TIps you a little when using the official manual.
When you open the official manual in a browser, the page opens directly when you enter the name of the function was examined behind http://php.net/. You can also keyword similar If no match is displayed most, to choose from among the candidates.
http://php.net/array
Coding conventions
I have a school several coding conventions, but the coding conventions of Zend Framework will help you.
Zend Framework PHP Coding Standard - Zend Framework Manual
Modern PHP
There are also function as an object-oriented language with PHP. The following publications will be helpful.
Sweet @ sotarok with rice and meat - and the documentation that you held a study session modern PHP
Framework
Be used framework is becoming a major in Web systems development using PHP.
There is an open source framework for many, the major ones are as follows.
- CakePHP
- symfony
- Zend Framework
- Ethna
- CodeIgniter