MySQL多实例安装初探

MySQL菜鸟，接触不久，如有错误之处，请指正，谢谢。

mysql创建多个实例，其实就是把DATA文件，SOCK,PORT指向不同的文件和端口。

mysql的多实例有两种方式可以实现，两种方式各有利弊。
第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例，这种方式的优势逻辑简单，配置简单，缺点是管理起来不太方便。
第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例，这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面，优点是管理起来很方便，集中管理。

本实验多实例采用mysqld_multi管理。

MySQL多实例环境搭建过程。

1.下载编译后的MySQL程序文件，解压缩。MySQL软件安装路径为/usr/local/mysql。

[root@lvs01 tmp]# 
[root@lvs01 tmp]# ll
total 182656
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     41700 Sep  2 10:12 ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    241437 Sep  2 10:12 keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186722932 Sep  2 10:50 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     21972 Sep  5 20:08 popt-static-1.13-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-------. 1 root root         0 Sep  6 18:30 yum.log
[root@lvs01 tmp]# 
[root@lvs01 tmp]# 
[root@lvs01 tmp]# 
[root@lvs01 tmp]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@lvs01 tmp]# ll
total 182660
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root     41700 Sep  2 10:12 ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    241437 Sep  2 10:12 keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root      4096 Sep 23 09:36 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 186722932 Sep  2 10:50 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root     21972 Sep  5 20:08 popt-static-1.13-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-------.  1 root root         0 Sep  6 18:30 yum.log
[root@lvs01 tmp]# 
[root@lvs01 tmp]# 
[root@lvs01 tmp]# 
[root@lvs01 tmp]# mv mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@lvs01 tmp]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@lvs01 mysql]# ll
total 76
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 bin
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel 17987 Jun 19  2013 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 data
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 include
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel  7470 Jun 19  2013 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 man
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel  2496 Jun 19  2013 README
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 scripts
drwxr-xr-x. 27 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 share
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Sep 23 09:36 support-files
[root@lvs01 mysql]# 
[root@lvs01 mysql]# 
[root@lvs01 mysql]# 
[root@lvs01 mysql]# 
[root@lvs01 mysql]# 
[root@lvs01 mysql]# cd data
[root@lvs01 data]# ls
test
[root@lvs01 data]# cd test/
[root@lvs01 test]# ls
db.opt
[root@lvs01 test]# 
[root@lvs01 test]# 

2。添加mysql用户，初始化三个MySQL数据库。数据文件放在不同路径。

初始化完成之后，数据目录下面会有三个数据库。

[root@lvs01 test]# 
[root@lvs01 test]# 
[root@lvs01 test]# cd
[root@lvs01 ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
[root@lvs01 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql
WARNING: The host 'lvs01' could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h lvs01 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local/mysql ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysqlbug script!

[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql
WARNING: The host 'lvs01' could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h lvs01 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local/mysql ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysqlbug script!

[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308 --user=mysql
WARNING: The host 'lvs01' could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h lvs01 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local/mysql ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysqlbug script!

[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# 
[root@lvs01 ~]# cd /data/
[root@lvs01 data]# ll
total 12
drwx------. 5 mysql root 4096 Sep 23 09:40 dbdata_3306
drwx------. 5 mysql root 4096 Sep 23 09:41 dbdata_3307
drwx------. 5 mysql root 4096 Sep 23 09:41 dbdata_3308
[root@lvs01 data]# cd dbdata_3306/
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# ll
total 12
drwx------. 2 mysql root  4096 Sep 23 09:40 mysql
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 23 09:40 performance_schema
drwx------. 2 mysql root  4096 Sep 23 09:40 test
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 

3。编辑MySQL配置文件my.cnf。mysqld_multi命令启动三个MySQL实例。

注：三个实例，数据目录、socket文件、端口号各不相同。

mysqld_multi命令需要配置好环境变量。

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

[root@lvs01 etc]# cat my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = admin
password = password

[mysqld1]
socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
port = 3306
#pid-file = /data/dbdata_3306/3306.pid
datadir = /data/dbdata_3306
user = mysql

[mysqld2]
socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
port = 3307
pid-file = /data/dbdata_3307/3307.pid
datadir = /data/dbdata_3307
user = mysql

[mysqld3]
socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
port = 3308
#pid-file = /data/dbdata_3308/3308.pid
datadir = /data/dbdata_3308
user = mysql
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root      3422  1457  0 10:35 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1
WARNING: my_print_defaults command not found.
Please make sure you have this command available and
in your path. The command is available from the latest
MySQL distribution.
ABORT: Can't find command 'my_print_defaults'.
This command is available from the latest MySQL
distribution. Please make sure you have the command
in your PATH.
[root@lvs01 etc]# 
[root@lvs01 etc]# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@lvs01 etc]# cd /data/dbdata_3306
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# ll
total 12
drwx------. 2 mysql root  4096 Sep 23 09:40 mysql
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 23 09:40 performance_schema
drwx------. 2 mysql root  4096 Sep 23 09:40 test
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root      3435     1  0 10:36 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --socket=/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock --port=3306 --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql
mysql     3557  3435  1 10:36 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/dbdata_3306/lvs01.err --pid-file=/data/dbdata_3306/lvs01.pid --socket=/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      3575  1457  0 10:36 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# ll
total 28692
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Sep 23 10:36 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Sep 23 10:36 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Sep 23 10:36 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root      1902 Sep 23 10:36 lvs01.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql        5 Sep 23 10:36 lvs01.pid
drwx------. 2 mysql root      4096 Sep 23 09:40 mysql
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql        0 Sep 23 10:36 mysql.sock
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 23 09:40 performance_schema
drwx------. 2 mysql root      4096 Sep 23 09:40 test
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 2
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root      3435     1  0 10:36 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --socket=/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock --port=3306 --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql
mysql     3557  3435  0 10:36 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/dbdata_3306/lvs01.err --pid-file=/data/dbdata_3306/lvs01.pid --socket=/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      3587     1  0 10:38 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --socket=/data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock --port=3307 --pid-file=/data/dbdata_3307/3307.pid --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql
mysql     3720  3587  0 10:38 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/dbdata_3307/lvs01.err --pid-file=/data/dbdata_3307/3307.pid --socket=/data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock --port=3307
root      3745     1  0 10:38 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --socket=/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock --port=3308 --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308 --user=mysql
mysql     3867  3745  1 10:38 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/dbdata_3308/lvs01.err --pid-file=/data/dbdata_3308/lvs01.pid --socket=/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock --port=3308
root      3885  1457  0 10:38 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# netstat -ntlp  | grep mysql
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3307                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3720/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3308                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3867/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3557/mysqld         
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 

4。在数据库中设置mysqld_multi相关用户和密码，赋予权限。mysqld_multi命令关闭实例。

如果没有创建用户并赋予权限，命令执行失败。error日志暂时不知道什么意思。

[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi stop 2
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password '3307' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe stop 2
150923 10:43:09 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/lvs01.err'.
150923 10:43:09 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
150923 10:43:09 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/lvs01.pid ended
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/lvs01.err
150923 10:43:09 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
150923 10:43:09 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
150923 10:43:09 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
150923 10:43:09 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
150923 10:43:09 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
150923 10:43:09 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
150923 10:43:09 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
150923 10:43:09 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
150923 10:43:09 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
150923 10:43:09  InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to
InnoDB: the directory.
InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1
InnoDB: File operation call: 'create'.
InnoDB: Cannot continue operation.
150923 10:43:09 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/lvs01.pid ended
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = admin
password = password

[mysqld1]
socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
port = 3306
#pid-file = /data/dbdata_3306/3306.pid
datadir = /data/dbdata_3306
user = mysql

[mysqld2]
socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
port = 3307
pid-file = /data/dbdata_3307/3307.pid
datadir = /data/dbdata_3307
user = mysql

[mysqld3]
socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
port = 3308
#pid-file = /data/dbdata_3308/3308.pid
datadir = /data/dbdata_3308
user = mysql
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# 
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p3307 -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi stop 2
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is not running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
[root@lvs01 dbdata_3306]#